Ex Parte McIver

586 S.W.2d 851, 1979 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1395
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedApril 11, 1979
Docket60072
StatusPublished
Cited by155 cases

This text of 586 S.W.2d 851 (Ex Parte McIver) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ex Parte McIver, 586 S.W.2d 851, 1979 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1395 (Tex. 1979).

Opinions

OPINION

ROBERTS, Judge.

This is a post-conviction application for habeas corpus relief. The applicant did not present any evidence at the hearing in the convicting court, but we have a record of papers filed in the cause. It appears that on May 6, 1975, a jury found the applicant guilty of felony possession of marihuana. The issue of punishment was submitted to the jury with instructions which included six verdict forms. These verdict forms would permit the jury to assess, respectively:

1. confinement with probation recommended;
2. confinement with probation recommended, and a fine;
3. confinement with probation recommended, and a fine with probation recommended;
4. confinement;
5. confinement, and a fine; or
6. confinement, and a fine with proba1 tion recommended (only on the fine).

The jury chose form number 6, and it did “assess his punishment at 5 years confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections and hereby further assess a fine in the amount of 5.000 [sic] Dollars and we, the jury, do hereby recommend that such fine be probated for a period of 10 years.” We find an instrument dated June 16, 1975, signed by the district judge, which says (in part),

“It is, therefore, Considered and Adjudged by the Jury that the defendant, ALTON McIVER, JR., is guilty of the offense of Possession of Marijuana, a felony, and that he be punished by confinement in the State Penitentiary for a term of not more than five (5) years nor less than two (2) years, and a fine in the amount of $5,000.00 with recommendation the fine be probated.
“The defendant advised that he did not waive the ten (10) days prior to sentence. On the 16 day of June, 1975, the defendant, ALTON McIVER, JR., and his attorney, appeared in Court for sentencing and the defendant was sentenced to serve not less than two (2) years nor more than five (5) years in Texas Department of Corrections, and
“It is, further, CONSIDERED, ORDERED AND DECREED by the Court that the imposition of the fine herein be and the same is hereby suspended and the defendant, ALTON McIVER, JR., as to such fine, shall be and is now placed upon probation for the term of ten (10) years, upon the following terms and conditions, to-wit: [a list of terms and conditions].”

The applicant alleges two grounds for relief. The first ground is that the verdict, judgment, and sentence are void because they make the applicant liable for confinement in the state penitentiary for a term of 15 years, which is more than the [853]*853maximum prescribed punishment of 10 years (Texas Revised Civil Statutes, Article 4476 — 15, Section 4.05(b)(1)). We cannot agree that these instruments can be construed to impose 15 years’ confinement. It seems clear that the sentence of confinement is limited to 5 years and that the 10 years’ probation (which began “now,” i. e., on sentencing day), if revoked, would result only in imposition of a $5,000 fine, not in additional penitentiary time.

We do agree that the verdict, judgment, and sentence are void because they impose a punishment not authorized by law.

At the time when the applicant was tried and sentenced, Section 3a of the Adult Probation, Parole, and.Mandatory Supervision Law (Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 42.12) provided (in part): “Where there is a conviction in any court of this State and the punishment assessed by the jury shall not exceed ten years, the jury may recommend probation upon written sworn motion made therefor by the defendant, filed before the trial begins. . In all eligible cases, probation shall be granted by the court if the jury recommends it in their verdict. If probation is granted by the jury the court may impose only the conditions which are set forth in Section 6 hereof.” Therefore, the first sentence gives the jury the option either to recommend probation of the punishment it has assessed (as in verdict forms 1 and 3 submitted in this case), or to refrain from such recommendation (as in forms 4 and 5). Effective September 1, 1975 (after the applicant was sentenced), the Legislature added a second sentence1 to the section, specifically authorizing the jury to assess a fine even though it has recommended probation of other punishment (as in form 2). Neither before nor after this amendment did Section 3a specifically authorize the jury to do the opposite: to assess other punishment (such as confinement) even though it has recommended probation of a fine which it has assessed (as in form 6, which the jury used in this case). Specific authority being absent, can authority for such a verdict be implied from the general probation authority given the jury by the first sentence of the section? We hold that it cannot.

The act of the Legislature adding specific authority for the jury to impose a fine in addition to probated confinement implies that the general probation authority in the first sentence of Section 3a did not authorize such a verdict. This also implies that the general probation authority would not authorize a verdict like the one in this case which probates some, but not all, of the assessed punishment.

Prior decisions of this Court, construing a similar statute, reached the same conclusion. Like the first sentence of Section 3a of Article 42.12, the Misdemeanor Probation Law gives the jury a general authority to recommend probation.2 We have held that the statute does not authorize the jury to assess confinement (without a recommendation of probation) and a fine with a recommendation of probation. Taylor v. State, 549 S.W.2d 722 (Tex.Cr.App.1977). That is exactly what the jury did to this applicant. We also have held that the statute does not authorize the jury to impose a non-probated penalty to be exacted from the defendant, to be followed by a period of probation. Batten v. State, 549 S.W.2d 718 (Tex.Cr.App.1977). This is essentially what the jury did to this applicant. The reasoning of those opinions equally applies to the felony probation statute, Section 3a of Article 42.-12.

[854]*854This conclusion is strengthened by evidence in other sections of Article 42.12 which imply that confinement followed by a probated fine was not contemplated by the Legislature. Section 2.b of Article 42.12 defines “probation” as “the release of a convicted defendant . . . .” (Compare Section 2(2) of Article 42.13, which is substantially the same.) This implies that release is an essential ingredient of probation. Release is an ingredient of every possible jury verdict granting felony probation except the kind of verdict returned in this applicant’s case. Compare verdict forms 1, 2, and 3 with form 6, above.

We also note that Section 6.h of Article 42.12 provides that the court can order a defendant to pay his assessed fine, without a sentence, while his other punishment is probated. There is no corresponding provision for the court to order a defendant to the penitentiary, without a sentence, while his other punishment (such as a fine) is probated.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
586 S.W.2d 851, 1979 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1395, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ex-parte-mciver-texcrimapp-1979.