NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0920-23
ERIKA L. BERRIOS,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
CALVIN MOFFETT, JR.,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________
Submitted November 4, 2024 – Decided March 25, 2025
Before Judges Berdote Byrne and Jacobs.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Camden County, Docket No. FD-04-0663-05.
Calvin Moffett, Jr., appellant pro se.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Defendant Calvin Moffett, Jr. appeals from a November 16, 2023 order
denying his motion to disestablish paternity, vacate the original child support order dating from 2005, and terminate his current child support obligation. For
reasons that follow, we affirm the motion court's order denying defendant's
application.
I.
The parties to this action were never married but share a child, K.B.,1 now
a twenty-two-year-old college student who remains financially dependent on her
parents. An existing child support order dating from 2005 directed defendant to
pay $155 weekly, plus $10 weekly towards arrears, which had reached over
$41,000 at the time defendant's motion was filed in September 2023. The
original order did not account for college tuition or related expenses. Defendant
moved to terminate his obligation and emancipate K.B. on the basis that she had
turned 18 years old in January 2021.
The court heard sworn testimony from plaintiff, Erika Berrios, who
confirmed paternity had been established. Plaintiff opposed termination of
support, seeking a continuance of defendant's support obligation while the child
pursued higher education; she did not seek a special or increased award towards
1 We use initials to protect the identity of the child and to preserve the confidentiality of these proceedings. R. 1:38-3(f)(6).
A-0920-23 2 the child's educational expenses. Plaintiff submitted a transcript evidencing
K.B.'s continuous college registration.
As the hearing progressed, defendant stated, "I am the biological father,
I'm not the legal father of this child." Beyond this, defendant adduced no
evidence or other substantive testimony to support the absence of legal
responsibility, nor did he challenge plaintiff's representation that K.B. was a
full-time college student.2
The motion court denied defendant's application, finding the
uncontroverted evidence demonstrated defendant is the father of K.B. and that
K.B. was not emancipated. The court further found K.B. was matriculated in a
four-year college as evidenced by a full-time college transcript with a "[v]ery
impressive" curriculum, consisting of "Human and Social Sciences and pre-
business" courses. The court determined defendant had a continuing obligation
to support K.B. and entered an order continuing defendant's obligation of $155
per week. The court increased the payment towards arrears from $10 to $150
per week.
Following the court's order dated November 16, 2023, defendant filed
2 Notwithstanding his status as movant and presence at the hearing, defendant voluntarily refused to testify under oath or affirmation. N.J.R.E. 603. A-0920-23 3 another motion on November 21, 2023, seeking identical relief. Appended to
that motion were more than 125 pages of documents associated with the
Sovereign Citizens movement. The motion court issued an order dated January
26, 2024, staying the matter pending appeal. Defendant filed for a third time, to
which the court issued an order dated February 27, 2024, directing the case be
placed on litigation hold pending appeal.
On appeal, defendant argues that paternity has not been established, he
has not consented to paying child support, and he does not owe any arrears.
Defendant claims to be a "Secured Party," not bound by the court's jurisdiction,
as the court cannot point to a signed "contract" or express agreement wherein
defendant has consented to paying child support.
Defendant also raises arguments that were not presented to the trial court.
First, he argues he should be relieved of his duty to support the child because
the child's mother allegedly does not utilize the support for the child's benefit.
Second, defendant maintains he has had limited contact with the child over the
years. Defendant states he is an "absent" parent who should be relieved of his
obligation.
II.
Our court's review of child support awards is governed by Rule 5:6A. The
A-0920-23 4 child support guidelines set forth in Appendix IX of the Rule "shall be applied
when an application to establish or modify child support is considered by the
court." R. 5:6A. "The guidelines may be modified or disregarded by the court
only where good cause is shown." Ibid.
Good cause shall consist of [1] the considerations set forth in Appendix IX-A, or the presence of other relevant factors which may make the guidelines inapplicable or subject to modification, and [2] the fact that injustice would result from the application of the guidelines. In all cases, the determination of good cause shall be within the sound discretion of the court.
[R. 5:6A.]
"When reviewing decisions granting or denying applications to modify
child support, we examine whether, given the facts, the trial judge abused his or
her discretion." J.B. v. W.B., 215 N.J. 305, 325-26 (2013) (quoting Jacoby v.
Jacoby, 427 N.J. Super. 109, 116 (App. Div. 2012)). "The trial court's 'award
will not be disturbed unless it is manifestly unreasonable, arbitrary, or clearly
contrary to reason or to other evidence, or the result of whim or caprice.'" Id. at
326.
Our court defers to the trial court's findings of fact "when supported by
adequate, substantial, credible evidence." Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-
12 (1998); see Gnall v. Gnall, 222 N.J. 414, 428 (2015). That review is
A-0920-23 5 deferential "[b]ecause of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in
family matters[.] [A]ppellate courts should accord deference to family court
factfinding." Cesare, 154 N.J at 413. "We invest the family court with broad
discretion because of its specialized knowledge and experience in matters
involving parental relationships and the best interests of children." N.J. Div. of
Youth & Fam. Servs. v. F.M., 211 N.J. 420, 427 (2012). The appellate court
accords "great deference to discretionary decisions of Family Part judges."
Milne v. Goldenberg, 428 N.J. Super. 184, 197 (App. Div. 2012).
It is a generally accepted principle that both financial and emotional
support are "vital to the well-being of a child." See M.H.B. v. H.T.B., 100 N.J.
567, 574-75 (1985) (Handler, J., concurring). Yet, it is commonly understood
that child support refers to the financial obligation that one parent has to the
child's primary caretaker to cover expenses such as housing, food,
transportation, clothing, and other needs that carry financial implications. Child
Support Guidelines, Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, Appendix
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0920-23
ERIKA L. BERRIOS,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
CALVIN MOFFETT, JR.,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________
Submitted November 4, 2024 – Decided March 25, 2025
Before Judges Berdote Byrne and Jacobs.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Camden County, Docket No. FD-04-0663-05.
Calvin Moffett, Jr., appellant pro se.
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Defendant Calvin Moffett, Jr. appeals from a November 16, 2023 order
denying his motion to disestablish paternity, vacate the original child support order dating from 2005, and terminate his current child support obligation. For
reasons that follow, we affirm the motion court's order denying defendant's
application.
I.
The parties to this action were never married but share a child, K.B.,1 now
a twenty-two-year-old college student who remains financially dependent on her
parents. An existing child support order dating from 2005 directed defendant to
pay $155 weekly, plus $10 weekly towards arrears, which had reached over
$41,000 at the time defendant's motion was filed in September 2023. The
original order did not account for college tuition or related expenses. Defendant
moved to terminate his obligation and emancipate K.B. on the basis that she had
turned 18 years old in January 2021.
The court heard sworn testimony from plaintiff, Erika Berrios, who
confirmed paternity had been established. Plaintiff opposed termination of
support, seeking a continuance of defendant's support obligation while the child
pursued higher education; she did not seek a special or increased award towards
1 We use initials to protect the identity of the child and to preserve the confidentiality of these proceedings. R. 1:38-3(f)(6).
A-0920-23 2 the child's educational expenses. Plaintiff submitted a transcript evidencing
K.B.'s continuous college registration.
As the hearing progressed, defendant stated, "I am the biological father,
I'm not the legal father of this child." Beyond this, defendant adduced no
evidence or other substantive testimony to support the absence of legal
responsibility, nor did he challenge plaintiff's representation that K.B. was a
full-time college student.2
The motion court denied defendant's application, finding the
uncontroverted evidence demonstrated defendant is the father of K.B. and that
K.B. was not emancipated. The court further found K.B. was matriculated in a
four-year college as evidenced by a full-time college transcript with a "[v]ery
impressive" curriculum, consisting of "Human and Social Sciences and pre-
business" courses. The court determined defendant had a continuing obligation
to support K.B. and entered an order continuing defendant's obligation of $155
per week. The court increased the payment towards arrears from $10 to $150
per week.
Following the court's order dated November 16, 2023, defendant filed
2 Notwithstanding his status as movant and presence at the hearing, defendant voluntarily refused to testify under oath or affirmation. N.J.R.E. 603. A-0920-23 3 another motion on November 21, 2023, seeking identical relief. Appended to
that motion were more than 125 pages of documents associated with the
Sovereign Citizens movement. The motion court issued an order dated January
26, 2024, staying the matter pending appeal. Defendant filed for a third time, to
which the court issued an order dated February 27, 2024, directing the case be
placed on litigation hold pending appeal.
On appeal, defendant argues that paternity has not been established, he
has not consented to paying child support, and he does not owe any arrears.
Defendant claims to be a "Secured Party," not bound by the court's jurisdiction,
as the court cannot point to a signed "contract" or express agreement wherein
defendant has consented to paying child support.
Defendant also raises arguments that were not presented to the trial court.
First, he argues he should be relieved of his duty to support the child because
the child's mother allegedly does not utilize the support for the child's benefit.
Second, defendant maintains he has had limited contact with the child over the
years. Defendant states he is an "absent" parent who should be relieved of his
obligation.
II.
Our court's review of child support awards is governed by Rule 5:6A. The
A-0920-23 4 child support guidelines set forth in Appendix IX of the Rule "shall be applied
when an application to establish or modify child support is considered by the
court." R. 5:6A. "The guidelines may be modified or disregarded by the court
only where good cause is shown." Ibid.
Good cause shall consist of [1] the considerations set forth in Appendix IX-A, or the presence of other relevant factors which may make the guidelines inapplicable or subject to modification, and [2] the fact that injustice would result from the application of the guidelines. In all cases, the determination of good cause shall be within the sound discretion of the court.
[R. 5:6A.]
"When reviewing decisions granting or denying applications to modify
child support, we examine whether, given the facts, the trial judge abused his or
her discretion." J.B. v. W.B., 215 N.J. 305, 325-26 (2013) (quoting Jacoby v.
Jacoby, 427 N.J. Super. 109, 116 (App. Div. 2012)). "The trial court's 'award
will not be disturbed unless it is manifestly unreasonable, arbitrary, or clearly
contrary to reason or to other evidence, or the result of whim or caprice.'" Id. at
326.
Our court defers to the trial court's findings of fact "when supported by
adequate, substantial, credible evidence." Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-
12 (1998); see Gnall v. Gnall, 222 N.J. 414, 428 (2015). That review is
A-0920-23 5 deferential "[b]ecause of the family courts' special jurisdiction and expertise in
family matters[.] [A]ppellate courts should accord deference to family court
factfinding." Cesare, 154 N.J at 413. "We invest the family court with broad
discretion because of its specialized knowledge and experience in matters
involving parental relationships and the best interests of children." N.J. Div. of
Youth & Fam. Servs. v. F.M., 211 N.J. 420, 427 (2012). The appellate court
accords "great deference to discretionary decisions of Family Part judges."
Milne v. Goldenberg, 428 N.J. Super. 184, 197 (App. Div. 2012).
It is a generally accepted principle that both financial and emotional
support are "vital to the well-being of a child." See M.H.B. v. H.T.B., 100 N.J.
567, 574-75 (1985) (Handler, J., concurring). Yet, it is commonly understood
that child support refers to the financial obligation that one parent has to the
child's primary caretaker to cover expenses such as housing, food,
transportation, clothing, and other needs that carry financial implications. Child
Support Guidelines, Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, Appendix
IX-A to R. 5.6A, ¶ 8, www.gannlaw.com (2025). The "parental obligation to
support children . . . is fundamental to a sound society." Kiken v. Kiken, 149
N.J. 441, 446 (1997). It is within that context that the Legislature granted
"equitable powers" to the Family Part, allowing the court to enter or modify
A-0920-23 6 support orders "from time to time as circumstances may require." N.J.S.A.
2A:34-23. However, the court's authority to impose a child support obligation
is circumscribed; support ends at emancipation of the child. Pascale v. Pascale,
140 N.J. 583, 591 (1995).
If a child is determined to be emancipated, then the child is said to have
"obtain[ed] an independent status of his or her own[,]" and the legal rights and
obligations of a parent related to the care, custody, and support of the child are
extinguished. Filippone v. Lee, 304 N.J. Super. 301, 308 (App. Div. 1997);
Newburgh v. Arrigo, 88 N.J. 529, 542-43 (1982). There is a presumption in
New Jersey that a child is emancipated at the age of majority, age eighteen.
N.J.S.A. 9:17B-3. A parent may be obligated to continue supporting a child
beyond the age of eighteen. Llewelyn v. Shewchuk, 440 N.J. Super. 207, 215
(App. Div. 2015). One such instance requiring a continuation of support has
been a child's enrollment in an educational program, including college. Patetta
v. Patetta, 358 N.J. Super. 90, 94 (App. Div. 2003). N.J.S.A. 2A:34-23(a)
authorizes the court to enter an order for the education of children. The
Legislature and our courts have long recognized "a child's need for higher
education as an appropriate consideration in determining the parental obligation
of support." Kiken, 149 N.J. at 450.
A-0920-23 7 The child support guidelines, in Appendix IX-A, ¶ 18, provide that a court
may, in its discretion, determine support for a child who is enrolled in college
and living at home. A child "who remains a full time post secondary school
student is not emancipated." Teare v. Bromley, 332 N.J. Super. 381, 391 (Ch.
Div. 2000). Furthermore, a parent's obligation to support a child persists
regardless of the quality of the relationship shared between them. J.R. v. L.R.,
386 N.J. Super. 475, 484 (App. Div. 2006). "[O]ne cannot find himself in, and
choose to remain in, a position where he has diminished or no earning capacity
and expect to be relieved of or to be able to ignore the obligations of support to
one's family." Elrom v. Elrom, 439 N.J. Super. 424, 436 (App. Div. 2015)
(alteration in original) (quoting Arribi v. Arribi, 186 N.J. Super. 116, 118 (Ch.
Div. 1982)).
Here, the court made factual findings based on testimony from plaintiff,
its own records regarding prior support levels, and documentary evidence.
Parentage was established in 2005 and defendant neither disputed the facts
presented nor presented any information, congruous or contrary, for the court's
consideration. Defendant's sole argument before the trial court, that he did not
consent to parentage and child support, is not supported by any law. Child
support does not require the consent of either parent. It is a right that belongs
A-0920-23 8 to the child. Martinetti v. Hickman, 261 N.J. Super. 508, 512 (App. Div. 1993)
(citing Kopack v. Polzer, 5 N.J. Super. 114, 117 (App. Div. 1949), aff'd, 4 N.J.
327 (1950)).
Because defendant did not substantively participate in the proceeding
other than to communicate that he withheld "consent," the court, in its sound
discretion, made findings of fact predicated on uncontroverted facts. The
motion court's findings of fact and legal conclusions to continue defendant's
child support obligation, inclusive of an increased payment towards arrears, are
legally sound as the child remains in need of support and arrearage have already
accrued and must be paid. We discern no error in the trial court's ruling.
To the extent we have not otherwise addressed defendant's arguments, it
is because they are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written
opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-0920-23 9