Erik C. Barry v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: February 1, 2016
• Docket: 03A04-1508-CR-1231
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be Feb 01 2016, 8:33 am regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Benjamin Loheide Gregory F. Zoeller Columbus, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Indianapolis, Indiana

Jesse R. Drum Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Erik C. Berry, February 1, 2016 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 03A04-1508-CR-1231 v. Appeal from the Bartholomew Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Stephen R. Appellee-Plaintiff Heimann Trial Court Cause No. 03C01-0904-FA-885

Altice, Judge.

Case Summary

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 1 of 9 [1] Erik Berry admitted to violating the terms of his probation. As a result, the trial

court ordered Berry to serve his previously suspended sentence of eight years

and three months. Berry presents two issues for our review:

1. Did the trial court abuse is discretion in ordering Berry to serve the entire portion of his previously suspended sentence?

2. Did the trial court err in denying Berry credit for time served in community corrections?

[2] We affirm.

Facts & Procedural History

[3] On April 9, 2009, the State charged Berry with two counts of Class B felony

dealing in cocaine and two counts of Class A felony dealing in cocaine. On

July 20, 2009, Berry pled guilty to one count of Class B felony dealing in

cocaine and one count of Class B felony dealing in a controlled substance. On

December 15, 2009, the trial court sentenced Berry to concurrent sentences of

twenty years with three years suspended to probation.

[4] On November 15, 2013, Berry filed a request for sentence modification.

Following a hearing on January 23, 2014, the trial court modified Berry’s

twenty-year sentence to eleven years and nine months executed and the

remaining eight years and three months suspended to probation. The court also

accepted Berry into the community transition program to be followed by five

years of probation upon his release therefrom. Berry was released to probation

from the community transition program on June 12, 2014. Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 2 of 9 [5] The State filed petitions to revoke Berry’s probation on December 15, 2014, and

January 30, 2015, and amended petitions to revoke probation on February 2,

2015, and April 9, 2015. In total, the State alleged nine different probation

violations occurring between August 2014 and March 2015. The alleged

probation violations included visiting unauthorized locations without the

permission of his community corrections officer, Robin Winters. Winters tried

to resolve the violation with an administrative agreement, but Berry did not pay

his community service fees. Berry was arrested in October 2014 and failed to

report this arrest to community corrections.1 When he had to appear in court

for the arrest, he falsified the work schedule that he turned into Winters. On

November 4, 2014, Berry tested positive for Suboxone,2 which he admitted to

using daily although he did not have a prescription. Berry also admitted to

using Xanax. In January 2015, Berry was terminated from his drug-abuse

treatment program for missing a session. Berry also admitted to driving despite

the fact that he did not have a valid driver’s license. Berry had missed

payments to cover his costs, fees, and restitution.

[6] In February 2015, Berry placed himself in the Fairbanks Addiction Treatment

Center and informed Winters of his whereabouts. On March 31, 2015, Berry

left a voicemail for Winters informing her that he was finishing one phase of his

1 As a result of this arrest, Berry agreed to an extension of his probation and had to serve time on electronic home monitoring. 2 Suboxone is the trade name of the compound buprenorphine, a schedule III narcotic drug. See Ind. Code § 35-48-2-8(e)(7).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 3 of 9 treatment at Fairbanks and had not decided whether he was going to continue

with the next phase or return to Columbus. Another officer contacted Winters

the following day to say that the officer had seen Berry at Amazing Joe’s, a

restaurant in Columbus, the day before. Berry’s fiancée, Natasha Griese, is a

bartender at that establishment. When Winters could not reach Berry on his

phone, she asked officers to go to his residence on April 7, 2015. Berry’s ankle

transmitter indicated he was inside, but he did not answer when officers

knocked on the doors and windows. Berry did not keep community corrections

apprised of his whereabouts. On May 29, 2015, Berry missed a court date.

That night, he picked up Griese from work. On the way home, Berry was

pulled over and arrested for driving while suspended.

[7] Berry was still incarcerated at the time of his probation revocation hearing on

July 27, 2015. At the hearing, the trial court heard testimony from Berry, his

father, and Griese. Winters also testified. With regard to disposition, Berry

asked the court to extend his probation or place him in community corrections.

Winters recommended that the court order the balance of Berry’s sentence

executed. The trial court ordered Berry to serve the entire balance of eight years

and three months of his suspended sentence in the Department of Correction.

The trial court gave Berry “credit for 31 days for time spent in work release

(10/31/14 to 11/29/14) and 58 days for time spent in the Bartholomew County

Jail (5/30/15 to 7/26/15).” Appellant’s Appendix at 49. The trial court did not

give Berry credit for time served in community corrections from January 29,

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 4 of 9 20143 to October 30, 2014 or from November 29, 2014 until May 30, 2015.

Berry now appeals.

Discussion & Decision

1. Disposition

[8] Berry argues that the trial court “did not give fair consideration to [his]

particular circumstances,” and thus, abused its discretion in ordering that he

serve the entire balance of his previously suspended sentence, i.e., eight years

and three months, in the Department of Correction. Berry notes that he

admitted to violating his probation as alleged by the State and that he offered

explanations for some of his behavior. He also testified, “I haven’t used illicit

drugs and I’m not making excuses.” Transcript at 12. Berry repeatedly told the

court, “I worked, I stayed clean, I tried to follow the rules.” Id. at 13. Berry

also informed the court that Griese was pregnant with his first child and that he

wanted “the opportunity to work, to support my family.” Id. at 12.

[9] Probation is a matter of grace left to trial court discretion, not a right to which a

criminal defendant is entitled. Sanders v. State, 825 N.E.2d 952, 955 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2005), trans. denied. Where a trial court has exercised its grace by granting

a defendant probation in lieu of incarceration, it has considerable leeway in

3 The trial court modified Berry’s sentence and accepted him into a community transition program in an order dated January 23, 2014. It is unclear from the record why Berry refers to January 29 as the date he began with community corrections.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 5 of 9 deciding how to proceed when the defendant then violates the conditions of his

probation. Prewitt v. State, 878 N.E.2d 184, 188 (Ind. 2007). Thus, the sanction

imposed by the trial court upon a finding of a probation violation is reviewed

on appeal for an abuse of discretion. Brandenburg v. State, 992 N.E.2d 951, 953

(Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. An abuse of discretion occurs where the trial

court’s decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and

circumstances before the court. Id. Although the court has several alternative

sanctions it may impose where it has found that a defendant has violated

his probation, one of those sanctions is to order execution of all or part of the

sentence that was suspended at the time of initial sentencing. Id.; see also Ind.

Code § 35-38-2-3(h)(3).

[10] Berry argues that the trial court should have ordered that he be placed on work

release rather than incarceration given that he “admitted his violations of

probation and was forthright about the mistakes he had made,” that he

voluntarily checked himself into Fairbanks, that his father believed he is now

“consistently clean,” and that he drove only so he could maintain his

employment and stay current with his financial obligations related to probation

and community corrections. Appellant’s Brief at 5. He also notes the undue

burden on his fiancée and unborn child.

[11] The trial court indicated that it “had to struggle for a long time to try to

determine what was appropriate,” but in the end, the court was swayed by the

fact that the court believed Berry was making excuses for his behavior to

minimize his culpability and that he was being less than forthright with the

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 6 of 9 court. Transcript at 41. The court also considered that Berry had “been given

opportunity after opportunity” and yet he continued to violate the rules of his

probation. Id. The court told Berry that his own testimony convinced the court

that he “just do[es]n’t get it.” Id. The court also noted that Berry had twenty-

two convictions, including convictions for dealing in cocaine and other

controlled substances, and that he had violated probation at least nine times.

On the record before us, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion in

ordering Berry to serve the previously suspended portion of his sentence in the

Department of Correction.4

2. Credit Time

Berry argues that pursuant to Ind. Code § 35-38-2.6-6, the trial court was

required to grant him credit time for the time he spent in community

corrections from January 29, 2014 to October 30, 2014, and again from

November 29, 2014 to May 30, 2015. Because credit time is a matter of

statutory right, trial courts do not have discretion in awarding or denying such

credit. Harding v. State, 27 N.E.3d 330, 331-32 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). The

burden is on the appellant to show the trial court erred. Id. at 332.

4 After the trial court announced the sentence, Berry’s demeanor changed and he began yelling at the Judge, “Are you serious, Judge Heimann? You’re serious right now? Get the fuck out of here, man. (inaudible) . . . get me out of here man. Get me out of this fucking Court man. (inaudible). Fuck man.” Transcript at 42. The trial court noted that Berry “had to be subdued by the Deputy and left the courtroom and building yelling and screaming.” Appellant’s Appendix at 11.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 7 of 9 [12] The path to community corrections is determinative of whether a defendant is

entitled to credit time. See Shaffer v. State, 755 N.E.2d 1193, 1195 (Ind. Ct. App.

2001) (Vaidik, J., concurring) (analyzing the differences between direct

placement in community corrections and placement as a condition of

probation). Berry relies upon I.C. § 35-38-2.6-6, which concerns credit time for

defendants directly placed in a community corrections program. Defendants

subject to direct placement are those “convicted of a felony whenever any part

of the sentence may not be suspended under IC 35-50-2-2.1 or IC 35-50-2-2.2.”

I.C. § 35-38-2.6-1(a). Here, Berry was not directly placed in community

corrections, but rather, he was placed in the community transition program and

other community corrections programs as deemed appropriate as a condition of

probation.

[13] Generally, a defendant sentenced to probation does not earn credit time. Ind.

Code § 35-50-6-6; see also Harding, 27 N.E.3d at 332. Exceptions to this rule

include defendants who are in a work release program and must return to jail

when not working or participating in other sanctioned activities and those

confined to home detention who must remain at their residences except for

work, to obtain medical care, or to attend an educational program or place of

worship. Id. (citing Senn v. State, 766 N.E.2d 1190, 1198 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002)).

[14] After his sentence was modified on January 23, 2014, Berry was accepted into a

community transition program. Berry was released from the transition program

on June 12, 2014. Berry remained on probation until he was placed on work

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 8 of 9 release from October 30 to November 29, 2014,5 at which time he claims he was

released back onto electronic monitoring as a condition of probation. Berry

was on probation until his arrest on May 20, 2015.

[15] The record reveals only that Berry was required to complete the community

transition program as a condition of his probation and that following his release

from that program, he remained on probation. Berry does not claim that the

time he spent in the transition program (January 2014 to June 2014) was so

restrictive that he was required to return to jail when he was not working or that

he was confined to his home. Similarly, Berry has not shown that the time

period he spent on probation after his release from the transition program (June

2014 through October 2014) and that period after his time on work release

(November 29, 2014 up until his arrest on May 20, 2015) was so restrictive that

he was entitled to credit. Berry has not met his burden to show the trial court

erred in not giving him credit for the time periods noted above.

[16] Judgment affirmed.

[17] Robb, J., and Barnes, J., concur.

5 It is unclear from the record the reason Berry was placed in work release. Presumably, it resulted from his October 2014 arrest.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 03A04-1508-CR-1231 | February 1, 2016 Page 9 of 9