IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE FILED OCTOBER SESSION, 1998 December 15, 1998
Cecil Crowson, Jr. Appellate C ourt Clerk
RONALD DAVID DUKES, ) C.C.A. NO. 03C01-9604-CC-00175 ) Appe llant, ) ) MORGAN COUNTY V. ) ) CHARLIE JONES, WARDEN, and ) HON. E. EUGENE EBLEN, JUDGE STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) Appellee. ) (POST-CONVICTION/ESCAPE)
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
RON ALD D AVID D UKE S, pro se JOHN KNOX WALKUP MCRCF, Box 2000, Unit 14 Attorney General & Reporter Wa rtburg, T N 478 87 KENNETH W. RUCKER Assistant Attorney General 2nd Floor, Cordell Hull Building 425 Fifth Avenue North Nashville, TN 37243
CHARLES E. HAWK District Attorney General
FRANK A. HARVEY Assistant District Attorney General P.O. Box 703 Kingston, TN 37763
OPINION FILED ________________________
AFFIRMED
THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE OPINION The Petitioner, Ronald David Dukes, appe als the trial cou rt’s dism issal of h is
pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus challeng ing a 198 6 esca pe con viction. W e
affirm the ju dgme nt of the trial co urt.
According to this Cou rt’s summ ary of facts a s set forth in State v. Ron ald
David Dukes, C.C.A. No. 26, slip op. at 1-2, Union County (Tenn . Crim. A pp.,
Knoxville, Apr. 4, 1989 ), this C ourt affir med Petition er’s convictions and sentences
for first degree murder, armed robbery, and kidnapping to commit robbery by the use
of a firearm in 1978. See Duke s v. State, 578 S.W.2d 659, 666 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1978). He was sentenced to life imprisonment on each of the first two offenses and
to life plus fiv e years as enha nced pun ishment for the comm ission of the third
offense . They w ere furthe r ordered to be serv ed con secutively.
Petitioner filed his first petition for post-conviction relief in 1985, alleging
ineffective assistance of counsel and prejudicial conduct by the trial judge during voir
dire and the pretrial conference. After the appointment of counsel an d an evidentiary
hearing, the trial cou rt dism issed the pe tition. Th e judg men t was a ffirmed by this
Court on August 25, 198 6. See State v. Edg ar Virg il Duke s, III, and Rona ld Dav id
Dukes, C.C.A. No. 2 5, Union C ounty (Ten n. Crim. App . Knoxville, Aug. 25, 19 86).
On Septem ber 8, 1986, Petitioner escaped from custody. On October 29,
1986, Petitioner pled guilty to the offense of escape, and the trial court imposed a
two-year sentence to be served cons ecutive ly to his prior sentences. Petitioner filed
his second post-conviction petition on December 17, 1987. See State v. Ron ald
-2- David Dukes, C.C.A. N o. 26, slip op . at 2, Unio n Cou nty (Ten n. Crim. A pp.,
Knoxville, Apr. 4, 1989). In that particular petition, he alleged that his convictions
violated double jeopardy principles and that his due process rights were violated
because the State failed to disclose the name s of witnesses a nd other excu lpatory
mate rial. Id.; see Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215
(1963). This Court determined the double jeopardy claim to be predetermined.
Howeve r, this Court reversed the case and ordered the appointment of counsel, the
opportu nity for filing an amended petition, a full determination on the issue of waiver
of the Brady issue, and, if necessary, a hearing on the me rits of the pe tition. Dukes,
C.C.A. No. 26, slip op. at 8. Petitioner did not raise any issues regarding his escape
convictio n in the December 17, 1987 petition. After repeated continuances, an
evidentiary hearing was held, after which the trial cou rt denied re lief. See Ron ald
David Dukes and Ed gar Virgil D ukes, III v. Sta te, C.C.A. No. 03C01-9703-CC-00112,
Union County (Tenn. Crim. A pp., Knoxville, May 27, 1998). This Court affirmed the
trial court’s dis missa l. Id.
On December 15,1995, Petitioner filed a petition entitled, “Violation of the Due
Process of Law and Denial o f a Fair Trial or in the Alternative Post-Conviction
Relief.” The trial court treated the petition as one for habeas corpus relief and
subs eque ntly dismissed that petition in March of 1996. The trial court stated that
Petitioner did not allege, aver, or show that the judgment in his case was void or that
his sentence had expired. It further noted that the post-conviction statute of
limitations had expired. In this appeal, Petitioner raises the following four issues: (1)
that his prior sentences were impro perly u sed to enha nce h is pun ishm ent on his
1986 escape conviction; (2) that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
in making his plea; (3) that his plea was not knowingly, intelligently, nor
-3- understandingly made; and (4) that this conviction constituted double jeopardy as
he was punish ed by prison authorities in addition to being criminally prosecuted.
According to Petitioner, his prison discipline included a 30-day segregation
sentence, a loss of six months good and honor time, a subsequent six-months
administration segregation, a classification status upgrade from minimum restricted
to med ium, an d a loss o f 72 days of earne d sente nce cre dits.
It is a well-establish ed prin ciple o f law tha t the rem edy of h abea s corp us is
limited in its nature a nd its sco pe. Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 161-62 (Tenn.
1993); Passarella v. State, 891 S.W .2d 619 , 626 (T enn. C rim. App . 1994). In
Tennessee, habe as co rpus re lief is ava ilable only if “‘it appears upon the face of the
judgment or the record of the proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered’ that
a convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to sentence a defendant, or
that a defendan t’s sentence of im prisonme nt or other restraint has expired.” Archer,
851 S.W.2d at 164 (citation omitted in original). The petitioner has the burden of
establishing either a void judgment or an illegal confinement by a preponderance of
the evidenc e. Pass arella, 891 S.W.2d at 627. Moreo ver, where a judgment is not
void, but is merely voidable, such judgm ent m ay not b e colla terally attack ed in a suit
for habe as corp us relief. Id.
In the present case, Petitioner’s three consecutive life sentences have not
expired, nor has his sentence for escape since it was ordered to run cons ecutive ly
to the life sentences. Further, none of his convictions are void on their face.
Therefore, the claims presented by Petitioner are not cognizable under the habeas
corpus statute. See Tenn . Code Ann. § 2 9-21-10 1 - 130.
-4- In addition, as Petitioner acknowledges, his claims are time-barred for
purposes of post-conviction relief. Petitioner asserts that he did not appeal his
escape conviction, therefore, his conviction became final on October 29, 1986. At
the time Pe titioner’s esc ape co nviction be came final, the statu te of limitations
applic able to post-conviction proceedings was three years. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-
30-102 (repealed 19 95). He therefo re needed to have filed his petition by October
29, 1989, in order to toll the running of the statute . How ever, P etitione r did no t file
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IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE FILED OCTOBER SESSION, 1998 December 15, 1998
Cecil Crowson, Jr. Appellate C ourt Clerk
RONALD DAVID DUKES, ) C.C.A. NO. 03C01-9604-CC-00175 ) Appe llant, ) ) MORGAN COUNTY V. ) ) CHARLIE JONES, WARDEN, and ) HON. E. EUGENE EBLEN, JUDGE STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) Appellee. ) (POST-CONVICTION/ESCAPE)
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
RON ALD D AVID D UKE S, pro se JOHN KNOX WALKUP MCRCF, Box 2000, Unit 14 Attorney General & Reporter Wa rtburg, T N 478 87 KENNETH W. RUCKER Assistant Attorney General 2nd Floor, Cordell Hull Building 425 Fifth Avenue North Nashville, TN 37243
CHARLES E. HAWK District Attorney General
FRANK A. HARVEY Assistant District Attorney General P.O. Box 703 Kingston, TN 37763
OPINION FILED ________________________
AFFIRMED
THOMAS T. WOODALL, JUDGE OPINION The Petitioner, Ronald David Dukes, appe als the trial cou rt’s dism issal of h is
pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus challeng ing a 198 6 esca pe con viction. W e
affirm the ju dgme nt of the trial co urt.
According to this Cou rt’s summ ary of facts a s set forth in State v. Ron ald
David Dukes, C.C.A. No. 26, slip op. at 1-2, Union County (Tenn . Crim. A pp.,
Knoxville, Apr. 4, 1989 ), this C ourt affir med Petition er’s convictions and sentences
for first degree murder, armed robbery, and kidnapping to commit robbery by the use
of a firearm in 1978. See Duke s v. State, 578 S.W.2d 659, 666 (Tenn. Crim. App.
1978). He was sentenced to life imprisonment on each of the first two offenses and
to life plus fiv e years as enha nced pun ishment for the comm ission of the third
offense . They w ere furthe r ordered to be serv ed con secutively.
Petitioner filed his first petition for post-conviction relief in 1985, alleging
ineffective assistance of counsel and prejudicial conduct by the trial judge during voir
dire and the pretrial conference. After the appointment of counsel an d an evidentiary
hearing, the trial cou rt dism issed the pe tition. Th e judg men t was a ffirmed by this
Court on August 25, 198 6. See State v. Edg ar Virg il Duke s, III, and Rona ld Dav id
Dukes, C.C.A. No. 2 5, Union C ounty (Ten n. Crim. App . Knoxville, Aug. 25, 19 86).
On Septem ber 8, 1986, Petitioner escaped from custody. On October 29,
1986, Petitioner pled guilty to the offense of escape, and the trial court imposed a
two-year sentence to be served cons ecutive ly to his prior sentences. Petitioner filed
his second post-conviction petition on December 17, 1987. See State v. Ron ald
-2- David Dukes, C.C.A. N o. 26, slip op . at 2, Unio n Cou nty (Ten n. Crim. A pp.,
Knoxville, Apr. 4, 1989). In that particular petition, he alleged that his convictions
violated double jeopardy principles and that his due process rights were violated
because the State failed to disclose the name s of witnesses a nd other excu lpatory
mate rial. Id.; see Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215
(1963). This Court determined the double jeopardy claim to be predetermined.
Howeve r, this Court reversed the case and ordered the appointment of counsel, the
opportu nity for filing an amended petition, a full determination on the issue of waiver
of the Brady issue, and, if necessary, a hearing on the me rits of the pe tition. Dukes,
C.C.A. No. 26, slip op. at 8. Petitioner did not raise any issues regarding his escape
convictio n in the December 17, 1987 petition. After repeated continuances, an
evidentiary hearing was held, after which the trial cou rt denied re lief. See Ron ald
David Dukes and Ed gar Virgil D ukes, III v. Sta te, C.C.A. No. 03C01-9703-CC-00112,
Union County (Tenn. Crim. A pp., Knoxville, May 27, 1998). This Court affirmed the
trial court’s dis missa l. Id.
On December 15,1995, Petitioner filed a petition entitled, “Violation of the Due
Process of Law and Denial o f a Fair Trial or in the Alternative Post-Conviction
Relief.” The trial court treated the petition as one for habeas corpus relief and
subs eque ntly dismissed that petition in March of 1996. The trial court stated that
Petitioner did not allege, aver, or show that the judgment in his case was void or that
his sentence had expired. It further noted that the post-conviction statute of
limitations had expired. In this appeal, Petitioner raises the following four issues: (1)
that his prior sentences were impro perly u sed to enha nce h is pun ishm ent on his
1986 escape conviction; (2) that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel
in making his plea; (3) that his plea was not knowingly, intelligently, nor
-3- understandingly made; and (4) that this conviction constituted double jeopardy as
he was punish ed by prison authorities in addition to being criminally prosecuted.
According to Petitioner, his prison discipline included a 30-day segregation
sentence, a loss of six months good and honor time, a subsequent six-months
administration segregation, a classification status upgrade from minimum restricted
to med ium, an d a loss o f 72 days of earne d sente nce cre dits.
It is a well-establish ed prin ciple o f law tha t the rem edy of h abea s corp us is
limited in its nature a nd its sco pe. Archer v. State, 851 S.W.2d 157, 161-62 (Tenn.
1993); Passarella v. State, 891 S.W .2d 619 , 626 (T enn. C rim. App . 1994). In
Tennessee, habe as co rpus re lief is ava ilable only if “‘it appears upon the face of the
judgment or the record of the proceedings upon which the judgment is rendered’ that
a convicting court was without jurisdiction or authority to sentence a defendant, or
that a defendan t’s sentence of im prisonme nt or other restraint has expired.” Archer,
851 S.W.2d at 164 (citation omitted in original). The petitioner has the burden of
establishing either a void judgment or an illegal confinement by a preponderance of
the evidenc e. Pass arella, 891 S.W.2d at 627. Moreo ver, where a judgment is not
void, but is merely voidable, such judgm ent m ay not b e colla terally attack ed in a suit
for habe as corp us relief. Id.
In the present case, Petitioner’s three consecutive life sentences have not
expired, nor has his sentence for escape since it was ordered to run cons ecutive ly
to the life sentences. Further, none of his convictions are void on their face.
Therefore, the claims presented by Petitioner are not cognizable under the habeas
corpus statute. See Tenn . Code Ann. § 2 9-21-10 1 - 130.
-4- In addition, as Petitioner acknowledges, his claims are time-barred for
purposes of post-conviction relief. Petitioner asserts that he did not appeal his
escape conviction, therefore, his conviction became final on October 29, 1986. At
the time Pe titioner’s esc ape co nviction be came final, the statu te of limitations
applic able to post-conviction proceedings was three years. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-
30-102 (repealed 19 95). He therefo re needed to have filed his petition by October
29, 1989, in order to toll the running of the statute . How ever, P etitione r did no t file
this petition for post-conviction relief until December 15, 1995, thus barring any
claims h e migh t have ha d.
The new 1995 Post-Conviction Act go verns this petition and all petitions filed
after May 10, 1995. Petitioner’s petition is not revived by the new Post-Conviction
Procedu re Act. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-201 et seq. Petitioners “for whom the
statute of limitations expired p rior to the effe ctive date of the new Act, i.e., May 10,
1995, do not have an additional year in which to file petitions for post-conviction
relief.” Carter v. S tate, 952 S.W.2d 417, 418 (Tenn. 1997). Also, after a review of
the record and the cases cited by Petitioner, we find that his claim s do no t fall into
any of the three recognized exceptions to the new Act in wh ich a trial court can have
jurisdiction to consider a petition filed outside the statute of limitations. See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 4 0-30-20 2(b).
Additionally, Petitioner wa s convicted in U nion Coun ty. This petition for writ
of habeas corpus was filed in Morgan County, the proper venue for habeas corpus
relief but not post-conviction relief. Comp are Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30 -204(a) (p ost-
conviction petition shall be filed in court where c onviction occurre d) with Tenn. Code
Ann. § 29-21 -105 (pe tition for writ of habeas corpus shall be filed in court “most
-5- convenient in point of distance” to petitioner unless a sufficient reason is given in the
petition). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err by failing to treat
the ap plicatio n as o ne for p ost-co nviction relief on this gro und a s well.
Petitioner argues that United States v. Ursery, 59 F.3d 568 (6th Cir. 1995),
created a new rule of law w ith regard s to his do uble jeop ardy rights . See Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-30-202(b)(1). However, the United States Supreme Court has
recen tly overruled the Sixth Circuit’s decision in Ursery, finding tha t in rem civil
forfeitures are in fact not punitive and do not foreclose subsequent criminal
prosecution for purp oses of the D ouble Jeopa rdy Clau se. United States v. Ursery,
518 U.S. 267, 116 S. Ct. 2135, 135 L. Ed. 2d 549 (1996). Furthermore, we find the
issues raised in Ursery to be wholly inapplicable to the case sub judice.
In Petitioner’s response to the State’s brief, he cites the case of
Com monw ealth v. Forte, 4 Mass. L. Rptr. 96, 1995 WL 809 491 (Mas s. Superior,
March 8, 1995) as applicable to his case. The court in that case held that
disciplinary action by prison authorities was punishment for purposes of the Do uble
Jeopardy Clause, and that subsequent criminal prosecution based upon the same
wrongdoing was barred by the Doub le Jeopard y Clause . Id. How ever, a gain, it
appears that the cited case ha s been overruled . See Com monw ealth v. Forte, 423
Mass. 672, 671 N.E.2d 1218 (Mass. 1996) (holding that Double Jeopardy Clause
principles do not in all instances ban both the imposition of prison discipline and a
criminal prosecution fo r the sa me w rongfu l cond uct). Ac cordin gly, De fenda nt’s
reliance on Forte is also misplaced.
-6- Furthermore, opinions by this C ourt have stood for the proposition that “if the
administrative action is remedial and not intended to inflict punishment as a means
of vindica ting pu blic justic e, the d ouble jeopardy clause s erves as no prote ction.”
State v. Steven J . Benne tt and Sc ott A. Montgo mery, C.C.A. No. 03C01-9607-CR-
00250, slip op. at 2, Morgan County (Tenn. Crim. App., Knoxville, Feb. 27, 1997)
(citation omitted) ; see also Ray v. Sta te, 577 S.W.2d 681 (Tenn. Crim . App. 1978 ),
cert. denied (Tenn. 197 9).
Finding no merit in the issues raised by Petitioner, we affirm the judgment of
the trial cou rt.
____________________________________ THOMAS T. W OODALL, Judge
CONCUR:
___________________________________ GARY R. WA DE, Presiding Judge
___________________________________ DAVID H. WELLES , Judge
-7-