Donnie M. WILSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CHRYSLER CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee

172 F.3d 500, 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 5792, 75 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 45,827, 79 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1086, 1999 WL 178626
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 31, 1999
Docket98-1833
StatusPublished
Cited by47 cases

This text of 172 F.3d 500 (Donnie M. WILSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CHRYSLER CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Donnie M. WILSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CHRYSLER CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, 172 F.3d 500, 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 5792, 75 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 45,827, 79 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1086, 1999 WL 178626 (7th Cir. 1999).

Opinions

CUDAHY, Circuit Judge.

Donnie Wilson worked on the assembly line at Chrysler’s Belvidere plant from 1970 until 1992 when Chrysler refused to reinstate her after a medical leave of absence. The proffered reason for the refusal was that Wilson suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and was therefore totally and permanently disabled. Wilson sued under Title VII alleging that she had been sexually harassed during the course of her employment and that Chrysler had discharged her in retaliation for complaining about the harassment. Chrysler successfully moved for partial summary judgment on the retaliation claim invoking the doctrine of judicial estop-pel. The district court held that since Wilson had applied for and was receiving social security disability benefits as well as a Chrysler disability retirement pension, she was estopped from arguing for Title VII purposes that she had been medically fit to resume her job at Chrysler. Subsequently, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment on the remaining claim of sexual harassment. Finding that Wilson had failed to come forward with evidence from which a reasonable jury could conclude that Chrysler was liable for any alleged harassment, the district court entered judgment in favor of Chrysler. We agree with the district court that Wilson’s position before the Social Security Administration was inconsistent with her subsequent allegations of constructive discharge and that she is therefore estopped from claiming retaliation. But because we find that Wilson has raised a genuine issue as to whether Chrysler subjected her to a hostile work environment, we reverse the district court’s dismissal of her sexual harassment claim.

I. Standard of Review

We review the district court’s decision to grant summary judgment de novo, see Nowak v. St. Rita High School, 142 F.3d 999, 1002 (7th Cir.1998), applying the same criteria as the district court. See Rodriguez v. City of Chicago, 156 F.3d 771, 775 (7th Cir.1998). We view the record and all reasonable inferences from it in the light most favorable to Wilson, the non-movant. See Senner v. Northcentral Technical College, 113 F.3d 750, 754 (7th Cir.1997). To defeat summary judgment, she must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Larimer v. Dayton Hudson Corp., 137 F.3d 497, 500 (7th Cir.1998).

II. Retaliation

In June 1991, Wilson took a medical leave of absence from Chrysler. Her physician, Dr. Nicholson, diagnosed severe fatigue syndrome and recommended release from work until April 1992. At that time, Nicholson and Wilson’s social worker, Forest Price, determined that she was able to return to work. However, Wilson was also examined by a Chrysler physician, Dr. Vi-tek, who opined that she was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and that she [504]*504was not fit for reinstatement. Vitek sought an independent opinion from a psychiatrist, Dr. Glenn, who confirmed Vitek’s diagnosis. Meanwhile, sometime in late 1991 or early 1992, Wilson had applied for social security disability benefits on the advice of a union benefits representative. In due course, the Social Security Administration (SSA) determined that she was eligible to receive benefits.1 According to Wilson her application was half-hearted at best: she stated on the benefits application form that she did not consider herself disabled; she subsequently asked the SSA to reverse its determination in her favor; and at one stage she even tried to return benefits received. However, she concedes that at all relevant times she has continued to accept social security disability benefits. Moreover, in December 1992, she secured a Chrysler disability pension relying on the diagnosis of Vitek and Glenn.

Title VII prohibits retaliation against an employee who has engaged in activity protected by' the Act. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a). To establish a prima, facie ease of retaliation Wilson must show: (1) that she engaged in statutorily protected activity; (2) that she suffered an adverse employment action; and (3) that there is a causal link between the protected activity and the adverse action. See Debs v. Northeastern Ill. Univ., 153 F.3d 390, 397 (7th Cir.1998) (quoting Essex v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 111 F.3d 1304, 1309 (7th Cir.1997)). It is undisputed that Wilson filed a sexual harassment charge and that Chrysler subsequently refused to reinstate her. The third element of Wilson’s prima facie case (causal link) is disputed and dovetails with the issue of pretext. Under the burden-shifting method established by McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973), and its progeny, Chrysler must articulate a non-discriminatory reason for its failure to reinstate; the burden then shifts back to Wilson to show that the proffered reason was a pretext for discrimination.

Chrysler contends that it did not allow Wilson to return to work because she suffered from paranoid schizophrenia which rendered her permanently and totally disabled. The issue on appeal is whether Wilson has raised a genuine issue whether she was fit and able to work and was therefore constructively discharged. Wilson characterizes Chrysler’s disability determination as a pretext for retaliation. But herein lies the rub for Wilson — how can she square her contention that she was fit and able to return to work with her prior claim of disability before the SSA? The district court could not reconcile these two apparently conflicting positions and reasoned that Wilson was estopped from pursuing her present line of argument. Judicial estoppel prevents a party that has taken one position in litigating a particular set of facts from later reversing that position to her advantage. The doctrine is equitable and is “intended to protect the courts from being manipulated by chame-leonic litigants who seek to prevail, twice, on opposite theories.” Levinson v. United States, 969 F.2d 260, 264 (7th Cir.1992). Thus, we accept as probative and presumptively dispositive a party’s prevailing position in previous litigation or quasi-judi-eial proceedings. See DeGuiseppe v. Village of Bellwood, 68 F.3d 187 (7th Cir.1995).

However, we must be careful to distinguish cases under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), see 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., which deal with similar but not identical issues. For we have recognized that the grant of disability benefits by the SSA is not necessarily dispositive of the issue whether an individual is qualified to work.2 A benefits recipient may sue [505]*505her employer under the ADA notwithstanding the need to demonstrate that she is qualified to work. See Weigel v. Target Stores,

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172 F.3d 500, 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 5792, 75 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 45,827, 79 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1086, 1999 WL 178626, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/donnie-m-wilson-plaintiff-appellant-v-chrysler-corporation-ca7-1999.