AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed October 29, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00653-CV
DONAL R. SCHMIDT, JR., Appellant V. BPC CORPORATION., Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. CC-12-03379-C
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Bridges, Francis, and Myers Opinion by Justice Bridges At the conclusion of a bench trial, the trial court sanctioned appellant Donal R. Schmidt,
Jr. $42,000 in attorney’s fees for his failure to disclose board minutes during discovery that
related to appellee BPC Corporation’s alter ego cause of action. On appeal, Schmidt argues he
did not violate a discovery order or have a duty to supplement discovery; therefore, he did not
engage in any sanctionable conduct. In the alternative, Schmidt argues if he had a duty to
supplement, the amount of the sanction is arbitrary and violated his due process rights. We
affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
On February 1, 2011, Sun River Energy I, LLC entered into a lease for office space from
BPC. Schmidt signed the lease in his capacity as president and CEO. On April 16, 2012, Sun
River I, LLC defaulted under the lease. On the same day BPC filed its original breach of contract suit against the Sun River
entities (“Sun River”) and Schmidt individually, in his capacity as president and CEO, Schmidt
reached a settlement with Sun River regarding a breach of his employment contract. Schmidt
received a note for $2.53 million secured by a first lien position in property owned by Sun River
in New Mexico.
BPC later amended its petition and asserted a cause of action for alter ego, claiming the
corporate veil between Sun River Energy, Inc. and/or Sun River Energy I, LLC and Schmidt
should be disregarded because the entities were used to perpetuate a fraud, partly based on the
settlement agreement Schmidt received.
BPC filed a motion to compel discovery, which the trial court heard on October 12, 2012.
BPC sought discovery regarding “Articles of Incorporation and/or formation; operating
agreement; minutes; agendas; resolutions; and/or by-laws, if any” related to Sun River Energy I,
LLC. The court signed an order on October 25, 2012 granting BPC’s motion to compel
production of the Board of Directors minutes, along with other corporate documents, from Sun
River Energy I, LLC on or before October 30, 2012. Schmidt did not produce any responsive
documents. During a later deposition, Schmidt agreed to produce the board minutes, if any
existed, by January 2013. Schmidt did not produce any board minutes.
At the beginning of the bench trial in April 2014, Sun River Energy, Inc. and Sun River
Energy I, LLC stipulated to liability, which left only the issues of damages and Schmidt’s
personal liability before the court to decide. Despite Schmidt’s repeated arguments and
objections to the contrary, the trial court determined the board minutes were relevant and
necessary for it to reach a decision on BPC’s alter ego cause of action.
During trial, Schmidt admitted his awareness of the trial court’s order requiring
production of the board minutes and his agreement to produce them in January of 2013.
–2– Moreover, when it became clear the trial judge was not backing down from her interest in the
board minutes, Schmidt said, “My suggestion would be to ask the Court for a continuance to give
me time to find these documents that would aid the Court in making a decision, particularly with
respect to alter ego.” He agreed the corporate minutes should be produced, that there was a
court order, and that it was his responsibility to produce them. 1
Thimothy Wafford, the chief operating officer for the Sun River entities, testified during
an offer of proof that he found board of director minutes on his computer. The trial judge did not
allow Wafford to testify about the contents of the minutes because the minutes themselves were
the best evidence. She also refused to admit the minutes because they had simply been accessed
through a computer.
After the evidence was closed but before reaching a conclusion on BPC’s alter ego cause
of action, the trial judge requested additional briefing from the parties on the issue. She also
stated she would assume the board minutes existed because
You said in your deposition they did. No one has ever said different. As a matter of fact, I heard here today that you found some of this online. So I know you can bring those minutes if you want to. You just didn’t choose to.
Schmidt again admitted to violating the court’s discovery order. Stuart Newsome, the assistant
general counsel, agreed to turn over the board minutes taken during Schmidt’s tenure as
president and CEO.
Both parties filed additional briefing on alter ego as requested by the trial court. The
parties reconvened days later to argue their positions. At that hearing, Schmidt turned over
board minutes from May 11, 2012, which discussed his employment settlement. At the
1 During parts of the trial, Schmidt argued he did not know whether certain documents had been produced because he was the third attorney to work on the case. He later backed down from his stance, as the trial court repeatedly admonished him it was his duty to know the file and the documents produced regardless of not being the original attorney on the case.
–3– conclusion of the hearing, the trial judge sanctioned Schmidt $42,000 in attorney’s fees for
failing to turn over the board minutes.
The final judgment awarded $654,456.61 to BPC for actual damages and $61,626.36 in
attorney’s fees from defendants Sun River Energy, Inc. and Sun River Energy I, LLC. In a hand-
written notation, the trial court stated, “It is further ordered that Plaintiff BPC Corp. have and
recover $42,000 in attorney’s fees from Donal R. Schmidt, Jr. Individually as a sanction for
failure to disclose board minutes.”
Schmidt appeals the trial court’s $42,000 sanction award.
Discussion
We review an imposition of sanctions under an abuse of discretion standard. Nath v. Tex.
Children’s Hosp., 446 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2014). A sanctions award will not withstand
appellant scrutiny if the trial court acted without reference to guiding rules and principles to such
an extent that its ruling was arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. But we will not hold that the trial
court abused its discretion in levying sanctions if some evidence supports its decision. Id.
If the sanctions imposed are not just, a trial court abuses its discretion. TransAmerican
Nat. Gas Corp. v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d 913, 917 (Tex. 1991) (orig. proceeding). To determine
whether sanctions are just we apply a two-prong test. Id. The first prong requires a direct
relationship exist between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed. Id. Under this
prong, the trial court should attempt to determine if the offensive conduct is attributable to the
attorney, the party, or both. Id. The second prong requires the sanctions be no more severe than
necessary to satisfy its legitimate purpose. Id. Thus, the sanction must not be excessive.
TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917.
In his first issue, Schmidt argues he did not have a duty to supplement discovery;
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AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed October 29, 2015.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-14-00653-CV
DONAL R. SCHMIDT, JR., Appellant V. BPC CORPORATION., Appellee
On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3 Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. CC-12-03379-C
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Bridges, Francis, and Myers Opinion by Justice Bridges At the conclusion of a bench trial, the trial court sanctioned appellant Donal R. Schmidt,
Jr. $42,000 in attorney’s fees for his failure to disclose board minutes during discovery that
related to appellee BPC Corporation’s alter ego cause of action. On appeal, Schmidt argues he
did not violate a discovery order or have a duty to supplement discovery; therefore, he did not
engage in any sanctionable conduct. In the alternative, Schmidt argues if he had a duty to
supplement, the amount of the sanction is arbitrary and violated his due process rights. We
affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Background
On February 1, 2011, Sun River Energy I, LLC entered into a lease for office space from
BPC. Schmidt signed the lease in his capacity as president and CEO. On April 16, 2012, Sun
River I, LLC defaulted under the lease. On the same day BPC filed its original breach of contract suit against the Sun River
entities (“Sun River”) and Schmidt individually, in his capacity as president and CEO, Schmidt
reached a settlement with Sun River regarding a breach of his employment contract. Schmidt
received a note for $2.53 million secured by a first lien position in property owned by Sun River
in New Mexico.
BPC later amended its petition and asserted a cause of action for alter ego, claiming the
corporate veil between Sun River Energy, Inc. and/or Sun River Energy I, LLC and Schmidt
should be disregarded because the entities were used to perpetuate a fraud, partly based on the
settlement agreement Schmidt received.
BPC filed a motion to compel discovery, which the trial court heard on October 12, 2012.
BPC sought discovery regarding “Articles of Incorporation and/or formation; operating
agreement; minutes; agendas; resolutions; and/or by-laws, if any” related to Sun River Energy I,
LLC. The court signed an order on October 25, 2012 granting BPC’s motion to compel
production of the Board of Directors minutes, along with other corporate documents, from Sun
River Energy I, LLC on or before October 30, 2012. Schmidt did not produce any responsive
documents. During a later deposition, Schmidt agreed to produce the board minutes, if any
existed, by January 2013. Schmidt did not produce any board minutes.
At the beginning of the bench trial in April 2014, Sun River Energy, Inc. and Sun River
Energy I, LLC stipulated to liability, which left only the issues of damages and Schmidt’s
personal liability before the court to decide. Despite Schmidt’s repeated arguments and
objections to the contrary, the trial court determined the board minutes were relevant and
necessary for it to reach a decision on BPC’s alter ego cause of action.
During trial, Schmidt admitted his awareness of the trial court’s order requiring
production of the board minutes and his agreement to produce them in January of 2013.
–2– Moreover, when it became clear the trial judge was not backing down from her interest in the
board minutes, Schmidt said, “My suggestion would be to ask the Court for a continuance to give
me time to find these documents that would aid the Court in making a decision, particularly with
respect to alter ego.” He agreed the corporate minutes should be produced, that there was a
court order, and that it was his responsibility to produce them. 1
Thimothy Wafford, the chief operating officer for the Sun River entities, testified during
an offer of proof that he found board of director minutes on his computer. The trial judge did not
allow Wafford to testify about the contents of the minutes because the minutes themselves were
the best evidence. She also refused to admit the minutes because they had simply been accessed
through a computer.
After the evidence was closed but before reaching a conclusion on BPC’s alter ego cause
of action, the trial judge requested additional briefing from the parties on the issue. She also
stated she would assume the board minutes existed because
You said in your deposition they did. No one has ever said different. As a matter of fact, I heard here today that you found some of this online. So I know you can bring those minutes if you want to. You just didn’t choose to.
Schmidt again admitted to violating the court’s discovery order. Stuart Newsome, the assistant
general counsel, agreed to turn over the board minutes taken during Schmidt’s tenure as
president and CEO.
Both parties filed additional briefing on alter ego as requested by the trial court. The
parties reconvened days later to argue their positions. At that hearing, Schmidt turned over
board minutes from May 11, 2012, which discussed his employment settlement. At the
1 During parts of the trial, Schmidt argued he did not know whether certain documents had been produced because he was the third attorney to work on the case. He later backed down from his stance, as the trial court repeatedly admonished him it was his duty to know the file and the documents produced regardless of not being the original attorney on the case.
–3– conclusion of the hearing, the trial judge sanctioned Schmidt $42,000 in attorney’s fees for
failing to turn over the board minutes.
The final judgment awarded $654,456.61 to BPC for actual damages and $61,626.36 in
attorney’s fees from defendants Sun River Energy, Inc. and Sun River Energy I, LLC. In a hand-
written notation, the trial court stated, “It is further ordered that Plaintiff BPC Corp. have and
recover $42,000 in attorney’s fees from Donal R. Schmidt, Jr. Individually as a sanction for
failure to disclose board minutes.”
Schmidt appeals the trial court’s $42,000 sanction award.
Discussion
We review an imposition of sanctions under an abuse of discretion standard. Nath v. Tex.
Children’s Hosp., 446 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2014). A sanctions award will not withstand
appellant scrutiny if the trial court acted without reference to guiding rules and principles to such
an extent that its ruling was arbitrary and unreasonable. Id. But we will not hold that the trial
court abused its discretion in levying sanctions if some evidence supports its decision. Id.
If the sanctions imposed are not just, a trial court abuses its discretion. TransAmerican
Nat. Gas Corp. v. Powell, 811 S.W.2d 913, 917 (Tex. 1991) (orig. proceeding). To determine
whether sanctions are just we apply a two-prong test. Id. The first prong requires a direct
relationship exist between the offensive conduct and the sanction imposed. Id. Under this
prong, the trial court should attempt to determine if the offensive conduct is attributable to the
attorney, the party, or both. Id. The second prong requires the sanctions be no more severe than
necessary to satisfy its legitimate purpose. Id. Thus, the sanction must not be excessive.
TransAmerican, 811 S.W.2d at 917.
In his first issue, Schmidt argues he did not have a duty to supplement discovery;
therefore, the trial court abused its discretion in awarding attorney’s fees. Texas Rule of Civil
–4– Procedure 193.5(a)(2) provides that if a party learns his response to written discovery was
“incomplete or incorrect when made, or, although complete and correct when made, is no longer
complete and correct, the party must amend or supplement . . . to the extent that the written
discovery sought other information, unless the additional or corrective information has been
made known to the other parties in writing, on the record at a deposition, or through other
discovery responses.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 193.5(a)(2). Schmidt admits he had a duty to supplement,
but he contends the duty may be excused under rule 193.5(a)(2) when the corrective information
has been made known to the party “on the record.” He alleges by producing the board minutes
on the second day of trial as part of a defense exhibit, he met the “on the record” requirement
expressed in rule 193.5(a)(2). Schmidt’s argument, however, ignores the following language,
which provides that the duty to supplement may be excused when the corrective information is
made known on the record “at a deposition.” Such was not the case here. Rather, Schmidt
agreed during his deposition he needed to produce the documents, but he did not produce the
documents on the record during the deposition. Thus, Schmidt’s argument that he complied with
rule 193.5 is without merit.
In reaching this conclusion, we are likewise unpersuaded by his argument that the same
information about his settlement agreement was produced through another exhibit admitted
during trial. Schmidt claims Plaintiff’s Exhibit 11, the Form 10-K for Sun River Energy, Inc. for
the period ending June 30, 2012, which was a public record, contained the exact same “offending
board minutes” as the trial court later admitted as Defendant’s Exhibit 2. We do not agree.
Schmidt admitted to the trial court that “in all fairness, the documents you’re referring to,
with the exception of the board minutes, are public documents.” Thus, to argue “the 10K
contained all the information the board minutes contained” is incorrect. The 10-K, while it
includes some information about Schmidt’s employment settlement, does not include the
–5– calculations used by the board to determine his settlement amount. The specific calculations and
how the board determined the amount of his settlement was the information the trial court
sought.
Thus, the record is clear the trial court ordered Schmidt to produce board minutes, which
he failed to do. He admitted to violating the court’s order. As such, the trial court was
authorized under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 215.2 to impose sanctions for abusing the
discovery process by failing to comply with a proper discovery request and disregarding a
discovery order. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 215.2(b). Schmidt’s first issue is overruled.
Having concluded the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it determined Schmidt
engaged in sanctionable conduct, we now turn to Schmidt’s second issue to determine whether
the sanction amount was arbitrary and violated his due process rights.
BPC argues Schmidt waived his due process argument because he failed to object to the
trial court’s lack of notice or hearing before imposing sanctions. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 215.3 (trial
court may, after notice and hearing, impose sanctions authorized under rule 215.2(b) against a
party abusing the discovery process). We agree. The record does not indicate Schmidt raised
any objection to the trial court regarding the lack of notice or a hearing before it imposed
sanctions. Thus, to the extent Schmidt argues his due process rights were violated, his argument
is waived. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1 (to preserve error for appeal, party must make timely and
sufficiently specific objection to the trial court); see also Howell v. Tex. Workers’ Comp.
Comm’n, 143 S.W.3d 416, 450 (Tex. App.—Austin 2004, pet. denied) (“[W]hen an attorney fails
to complain of the sanction imposed and fails to ask the trial court to reconsider its actions in
imposing the sanction, the attorney waives any complaint about the trial court’s actions.”).
We likewise conclude Schmidt failed to preserve his argument challenging the sanction
amount as arbitrary. Again, Schmidt failed to object to the trial court that $42,000 in attorney’s
–6– fees as a discovery sanction was arbitrary. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1; see also Howell, 143
S.W.3d 416, 450. Nothing in the record indicates he made the trial court aware that he believed
the amount of attorney’s fees awarded was not directly related to his sanctionable discovery
conduct. But see, e.g., Zuehl Land Dev., LLC v. Zuehl Airport Flying Cmty. Owners Ass’n, Inc.,
No. 01-14-00562-CV, 2015 WL 1827570, at *11 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 21,
2015) (party objected fees incurred were not related to sanctionable discovery conduct, and
therefore adequately informed trial court of complaint to preserve issue for review). Schmidt
also failed to file a post-judgment motion complaining about the amount of the sanctions
awarded. Because the trial court was not given the opportunity to correct any perceived error,
Schmidt failed to preserve his complaint regarding the amount of sanctions for appellate review.
We overrule Schmidt’s second issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/David L. Bridges/ DAVID L. BRIDGES JUSTICE
140653F.P05
–7– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
DONAL R. SCHMIDT, JR., Appellant On Appeal from the County Court at Law No. 3, Dallas County, Texas No. 05-14-00653-CV V. Trial Court Cause No. CC-12-03379-C. Opinion delivered by Justice Bridges. BPC CORPORATION, Appellee Justices Francis and Myers participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that appellee BPC CORPORATION recover its costs of this appeal from appellant DONAL R. SCHMIDT, JR.
Judgment entered this 29th day of October, 2015.
–8–