Doby v. Dowling

632 F. App'x 485
Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit·Decided December 4, 2015·No. 15-6108·Unpublished·Cited by 7 cases

Opinion

ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY

HARRIS L. Hartz, Circuit Judge.

Applicant Gary Doby, a state prisoner appearing pro se, applied for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 more than one year after his state-court conviction became final. The United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma dismissed his application as untimely. Mr. Doby now requests a certificate of appealability (COA) from this court to appeal the dismissal. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(A). We grant his motion to proceed in forma pauperis, but we deny his request for a COA and dismiss the appeal.

I. BACKGROUND

Mr. Doby pleaded guilty to 18 counts of sexual exploitation of a child under 12, one count of conspiracy to commit sexual exploitation, and one count of lewd molestation of a minor child. He was sentenced on January 9, 2013, and did not later move to withdraw his guilty plea. On December 23, 2013, he filed in state court a petition for judicial review and sentence modification under Okla. Stat. tit. 22, § 982a, which was denied on February 3, 2014. On May *487 12, 2014, Mr. Doby filed an application for state posteonviction relief. His application was denied by the state district court and that denial was affirmed by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals on September 23, 2014. He filed his § 2254 application on November 4, 2014, alleging that his trial counsel “failed to inform [him] of the elements of the offense and then, without reason, notice or consultation, completely abandoned [him] during the 10-day window for initiating a direct appeal.” R., Vol. I at 7. Counsel allegedly did not inform Mr. Doby of the elements of his sexual-exploitation and lewd-molestation offenses until “well after sentencing, when he was in custody of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections.” Id. at 8.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Standard of Review

A COA is a prerequisite to appeal the dismissal of an application for relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, and is available “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)-(2). This requires the prisoner to show “that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484, 120 S.Ct. 1595, 146 L.Ed.2d 542 (2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). Where, as here, the district court dismissed the habeas application on procedural grounds, the prisoner must also show “that jurists of reason would find it debatable whether the district court was correct in its procedural ruling.” Id. “Where a plain procedural bar is present and the district court is correct to invoke it to dispose of the case, a reasonable jurist could not conclude either that the district court erred in dismissing the petition or that the petitioner should be allowed to proceed further.” Id.

B. Timeliness under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) imposes a one-year time limit for filing a § 2254 application. The relevant language is:

(1) A l~year period of limitation shall apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court. The limitation period shall run from the latest of-
(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such review;
(2) The time during which a properly filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent judgment or claim is pending shall not be counted toward any period of limitation under this subsection,

28 U.S.C. § 2244(d).

We agree with the district court that Mr. Doby’s application was not timely. Because he failed to file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea, his conviction became final on January 19, 2013 — ten days after he was sentenced. See Okla. Stat. tit. 22, Ch. 18, App., Rule 4.2(A) (“In all cases, to appeal from any conviction on a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, the defendant must have filed in the trial court clerk’s office an application to withdraw the plea within ten (10) days from the date of the pronouncement'of the Judgment and Sentence .... ”); Fleming v. Evans, 481 F.3d 1249, 1255 (10th Cir.2007). Absent statutory or equitable tolling, the last day to file *488 his application for federal habeas relief was January 21, 2014 (because January 19 was a Sunday and January 20 was a federal holiday), long before he filed his § 2254 application on November 4, 2014. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a)(1)(C); United States v. Hurst, 322 F.3d 1256, 1260 (10th Cir.2003) (“[W]hen a statute of limitations is measured in years, the last day for instituting the action is the anniversary date of the relevant act.”).

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Doby v. Dowling, 632 F. App'x 485 (10th Cir. 2015).

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