ST. PAUL, J.
On May 8, 1924, Mrs. Marion Beattie (now deceased) through her attorneys, Joseph H. Levy and Clifton F. Davis (who are the defendants here), filed her certain petition in the district court of Caddo parish, in the matter entitled “Mrs. Marion Beattie v. M. D; Dimitry et al.,” No. 31509 of the docket of said court; and out of the filing of that petition comes this action for libel.
I.
The petition so filed (and now annexed to the present plaintiff’s petition) contains 51 articles, and covers 28 pages of this transcript; but the
substance
thereof, so far as pertinent to the issues involved herein, may be stated in very few words.
Thus: She (Mrs. Beattie) charges that this plaintiff, who is a member of the bar, practicing at Shreveport, entered into a conspiracy with two other members of the bar, and with certain parties “pretending” to be the collateral relations and heirs at law of one Mrs. Florence A. Toombs, then lately deceased at Shreveport, to defraud her (the said Mrs. Beattie) out of the estate of the said Mrs. Toombs, to wit, by pretending that the last will and testament of the-said Mrs. Toombs, by which she (Mrs. Beattie) was given the whole estate of some $80,000 (less a legacy of $5,000 to another) was a forgery, and that she (Mrs. Beattie) had forged it; and that, by means of threats of both civil and criminal proceedings against her, they succeeded in forcing her to compromise with said pretended heirs by giving them her notes for $60,000, secured by mortgage on the property belonging to the estate. Wherefore she prays that the compromise be annulled and the said notes be declared void.
Which petition was duly “verified” by the petitioner in person.
IL
The petition in
this
case represents that
all
the aforesaid charges of conspiracy and fraud aforesaid are
untrue;
but, “because the
other
slanderous charges [to wit, conspiracy and fraud] made in said petition are pertinent to the issues therein presented, he cannot at this time sue for the damages caused him thereby, but he reserves his right to hereafter prosecute his action for damages.”
III.
The petition represents, however, that:
“The charges.
in
article 13 of said petition were and are altogether immaterial, irrelevant, and not pertinent to the issues presented in said petition; and are false, slanderous, libelous, and, malicious; and were known by the said defendants [Levy and Davis] to be irrelevant, false, and slanderous; and were made by them maliciously for the purpose of embarrassing and prejudicing petitioner in the defense of the other serious charges therein made against him, which he will prove to be false on the trial of that suit.”
Which article 13 of said petition is as follows, to wit:
“That although the said E. Barnett, Esq. [one of the other two attorneys], was appointed attorney for absent heirs [in the matter of the succession of Mrs. Toombs], as heretofore stated, he did not himself attempt to locate oh trace any of the said heirs as required by law. but on the contrary associated himself
in an unlawful private venture
with one M. D. Dimitry, an attorney at this bar, for the purpose of locating the pretended heirs of the said Mrs. Toombs, urging them to litigate with your petitioner, and for the purpose of entering into a
contract of employment with them to annul and set aside the will of the said Mrs. Toombs;
all in violation of R. 8.
[1870]
118, which prohibits the fomenting of lawsuits, and also-in violation of the code of ethics of the bar of the state of Louisiana, which prohibits the soliciting of business by members of the bar of this state.”
(Italics ours.)
IV.
The petition further charges:
“That said charges in article of said petition [although duly “verified” as aforesaid] were conceived by, and written into said petition by, the said Joseph H. Levy and Clifton F. Davis, acting jointly and in concert,
as their own charges against petitioner,
and for the purpose above mentioned [see paragraph III above]
without any suggestion to that effect by their clients.”
(Italics ours.)
The petition further sets forth:.
That said charges were widely circulated in the newspapers, and that “petitioner believes, and therefore alleges, that said newspaper articles were inspired, and caused to be printed, by said Levy and Davis for the purpose of injuring petitioner’s professional standing and prejudicing his defense of the other serious charges,” etc.
Wherefore petitioner prays for judgment in damages against said Levy and said Davis.
V.
To this petition defendants filed a plea o£ prematurity, and an exception of no cause of action.
The trial judge overruled the plea of prematurity, but sustained the exception of no cause of action and dismissed the suit.
Plaintiff appealed; and defendants have answered the appeal, praying that the plea of prematurity be sustained, and in the alternative that the judgment be affirmed.
VI.
We find it unnecessary to consider the plea of prematurity, although it does appear that plaintiff was not a
party defendant
to that suit, notwithstanding that the suit was filed with his name figuring in the title thereof as the main defendant. For whether such title was given to the suit by these defendants, or by their clients, for reasons satisfactory to themselves, or only by the clerk of court through inadvertence, or otherwise (for this does not appear from the transcript), the fact yet remains that, although the petition asked that this plaintiff be
cited
to answer, nevertheless no
judgment,
or other relief whatsoever, was asked for against
him;
so that he was not called upon to
defend
said suit, except in so far as he might judge proper to' do so.
But we think the exception of no cause of action well founded.
VIL
Pretermitting the very interesting question whether it is permissible to split up a single libelous instrument, written and published at one time, into as many separate causes of action as there are separate charges contained therein, the fact yet remains that the first part of said article 13 (supra, paragraph III) down to (and excepting) the matter which we have
italicized,
is entirely
relevant
to the rest of the matter set up in the petition as hereinabove condensed (paragraph I); for it purposes to set forth
the beginning
of the alleged conspiracy to defraud, therein complained of. And, as to the matter
italicized,
that part of it reading “in an
unlawful
private venture,” is a mere
conclusion
of the pleader (about which there may be much room for difference of opinion); but the forming and expressing of a conclusion as to the
lawfulness or unlawfulness of an act,
when the facts are stated from which that conclusion is drawn, is merely
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ST. PAUL, J.
On May 8, 1924, Mrs. Marion Beattie (now deceased) through her attorneys, Joseph H. Levy and Clifton F. Davis (who are the defendants here), filed her certain petition in the district court of Caddo parish, in the matter entitled “Mrs. Marion Beattie v. M. D; Dimitry et al.,” No. 31509 of the docket of said court; and out of the filing of that petition comes this action for libel.
I.
The petition so filed (and now annexed to the present plaintiff’s petition) contains 51 articles, and covers 28 pages of this transcript; but the
substance
thereof, so far as pertinent to the issues involved herein, may be stated in very few words.
Thus: She (Mrs. Beattie) charges that this plaintiff, who is a member of the bar, practicing at Shreveport, entered into a conspiracy with two other members of the bar, and with certain parties “pretending” to be the collateral relations and heirs at law of one Mrs. Florence A. Toombs, then lately deceased at Shreveport, to defraud her (the said Mrs. Beattie) out of the estate of the said Mrs. Toombs, to wit, by pretending that the last will and testament of the-said Mrs. Toombs, by which she (Mrs. Beattie) was given the whole estate of some $80,000 (less a legacy of $5,000 to another) was a forgery, and that she (Mrs. Beattie) had forged it; and that, by means of threats of both civil and criminal proceedings against her, they succeeded in forcing her to compromise with said pretended heirs by giving them her notes for $60,000, secured by mortgage on the property belonging to the estate. Wherefore she prays that the compromise be annulled and the said notes be declared void.
Which petition was duly “verified” by the petitioner in person.
IL
The petition in
this
case represents that
all
the aforesaid charges of conspiracy and fraud aforesaid are
untrue;
but, “because the
other
slanderous charges [to wit, conspiracy and fraud] made in said petition are pertinent to the issues therein presented, he cannot at this time sue for the damages caused him thereby, but he reserves his right to hereafter prosecute his action for damages.”
III.
The petition represents, however, that:
“The charges.
in
article 13 of said petition were and are altogether immaterial, irrelevant, and not pertinent to the issues presented in said petition; and are false, slanderous, libelous, and, malicious; and were known by the said defendants [Levy and Davis] to be irrelevant, false, and slanderous; and were made by them maliciously for the purpose of embarrassing and prejudicing petitioner in the defense of the other serious charges therein made against him, which he will prove to be false on the trial of that suit.”
Which article 13 of said petition is as follows, to wit:
“That although the said E. Barnett, Esq. [one of the other two attorneys], was appointed attorney for absent heirs [in the matter of the succession of Mrs. Toombs], as heretofore stated, he did not himself attempt to locate oh trace any of the said heirs as required by law. but on the contrary associated himself
in an unlawful private venture
with one M. D. Dimitry, an attorney at this bar, for the purpose of locating the pretended heirs of the said Mrs. Toombs, urging them to litigate with your petitioner, and for the purpose of entering into a
contract of employment with them to annul and set aside the will of the said Mrs. Toombs;
all in violation of R. 8.
[1870]
118, which prohibits the fomenting of lawsuits, and also-in violation of the code of ethics of the bar of the state of Louisiana, which prohibits the soliciting of business by members of the bar of this state.”
(Italics ours.)
IV.
The petition further charges:
“That said charges in article of said petition [although duly “verified” as aforesaid] were conceived by, and written into said petition by, the said Joseph H. Levy and Clifton F. Davis, acting jointly and in concert,
as their own charges against petitioner,
and for the purpose above mentioned [see paragraph III above]
without any suggestion to that effect by their clients.”
(Italics ours.)
The petition further sets forth:.
That said charges were widely circulated in the newspapers, and that “petitioner believes, and therefore alleges, that said newspaper articles were inspired, and caused to be printed, by said Levy and Davis for the purpose of injuring petitioner’s professional standing and prejudicing his defense of the other serious charges,” etc.
Wherefore petitioner prays for judgment in damages against said Levy and said Davis.
V.
To this petition defendants filed a plea o£ prematurity, and an exception of no cause of action.
The trial judge overruled the plea of prematurity, but sustained the exception of no cause of action and dismissed the suit.
Plaintiff appealed; and defendants have answered the appeal, praying that the plea of prematurity be sustained, and in the alternative that the judgment be affirmed.
VI.
We find it unnecessary to consider the plea of prematurity, although it does appear that plaintiff was not a
party defendant
to that suit, notwithstanding that the suit was filed with his name figuring in the title thereof as the main defendant. For whether such title was given to the suit by these defendants, or by their clients, for reasons satisfactory to themselves, or only by the clerk of court through inadvertence, or otherwise (for this does not appear from the transcript), the fact yet remains that, although the petition asked that this plaintiff be
cited
to answer, nevertheless no
judgment,
or other relief whatsoever, was asked for against
him;
so that he was not called upon to
defend
said suit, except in so far as he might judge proper to' do so.
But we think the exception of no cause of action well founded.
VIL
Pretermitting the very interesting question whether it is permissible to split up a single libelous instrument, written and published at one time, into as many separate causes of action as there are separate charges contained therein, the fact yet remains that the first part of said article 13 (supra, paragraph III) down to (and excepting) the matter which we have
italicized,
is entirely
relevant
to the rest of the matter set up in the petition as hereinabove condensed (paragraph I); for it purposes to set forth
the beginning
of the alleged conspiracy to defraud, therein complained of. And, as to the matter
italicized,
that part of it reading “in an
unlawful
private venture,” is a mere
conclusion
of the pleader (about which there may be much room for difference of opinion); but the forming and expressing of a conclusion as to the
lawfulness or unlawfulness of an act,
when the facts are stated from which that conclusion is drawn, is merely
an opinion upon a state of facts
and is not a libel or slander of a person. And the same may be said of the final
italicized
clause of the article. It was
the conclusion
of the pleader that the facts set forth in the beginning of the article constituted a violation of section 118 of the Revised Statutes of 1870. It is
our
conclusion that they do
not.
That sec
tion is leveled against the common-law offense of “barratry” — i. e. of being “a common barrator”— and a mere glance at a law dictionary will suffice to show that the
facts
alleged in said article do not come within the definition of barratry. And as for the
canons of ethics
of the bar,
if they go as far as stated
(?), then they border on an altruism entirely beyond the scope of practical men, and no one is
libeled
or
slandered
who is said not to abide by them merely in that respect. For
literally taken
(if they provide as stated) they would prevent a member of the bar from seeking the attorneyship for an individual, firm, or corporation, public or private, or offering his services, even gratuitous, to another, or through another. And for the rest, neither strong language nor extravagant terms constitute either .libel or slander, or add anything whatever to the plain import of. simple words. Dunn v. Bruat, 99 So. 296, 155 La. 376; Barbre v. Morgan, 103 So. 32, 157 La. 753; Orr v. La. Highway Commission, 106 So. 384, 159 La. 930.
VIII.
Our conclusion is that article 13, above given, does not libel plaintiff. It was the plain duty of Barnett to search for the heirs of Mrs. Toombs and advise them of their rights, and his plain right to accept employment of them and obtain such assistance as he thought necessary.
At the same time, it is as well not to pass over, as if approving, the use of strong language and extravagant terms by one member of the bar towards another. An attorney should
never
himself indulge, nor permit his clients to indulge, in charges against a fellow member of the bar, unless upon strong proof of misconduct. For members of
all
the learned professions should take heed, not only to drive out of their ranks the - unworthy, but with equal zeal to guard as jealously as their own the good name of their fellow practitioners, to the end that the hon- or and dignity and usefulness of the profession be preserved.
Decree.
The judgment appealed from is therefore-affirmed.