Dickerson v. County of Adams

571 N.W.2d 269, 253 Neb. 414, 1997 Neb. LEXIS 236
CourtNebraska Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 5, 1997
DocketS-96-003
StatusPublished
Cited by46 cases

This text of 571 N.W.2d 269 (Dickerson v. County of Adams) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nebraska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dickerson v. County of Adams, 571 N.W.2d 269, 253 Neb. 414, 1997 Neb. LEXIS 236 (Neb. 1997).

Opinions

McCormack, J.

This is an action for the refund of an overpayment of inheritance tax paid on a power of appointment over property valued at $593,545.07. The county court for Adams County, Nebraska, found that the assets contained in the “part I trust” of Leo E. Nelson’s estate should be included as part of the estate of his wife, Arneda L. Nelson. Pursuant to our authority to regulate the dockets of the Nebraska Court of Appeals and this court, we removed the case to our docket on our own motion. We now reverse.

BACKGROUND

Arneda L. Nelson died on February 8, 1994. Her husband, Leo E. Nelson, died on December 23, 1979. They did not have [415]*415any children. The county court took judicial notice of both the husband’s and the wife’s probate files. Under the terms of the husband’s will, his residuary estate was divided into two parts. Part I was a trust funded with a share of his residuary estate which was based on a fraction formula to obtain the maximum marital deduction permitted to his estate by the Internal Revenue Code (part I trust). Part II was a trust consisting of the remaining portion of the residuary estate.

The wife was to be paid all of the income from the part I trust during her lifetime and was given certain rights to receive principal. She was also granted a testamentary power of appointment over the part I trust by the following language:

My said wife shall alone have power in her Last Will and Testament to appoint the entire trust estate of this trust, free from trust, in favor of her estate, or such person or persons, or institution or institutions as she may in her Last Will and Testament appoint. To the extent that my said wife shall fail to exercise the power of appointment, the property remaining in this trust estate, upon her death, shall be added to and become a part of Part II herein created, and shall be handled, managed, disposed of and distributed as provided therefor in this, my Last Will and Testament. A general residuary clause in the Will of my said wife shall not constitute an appointment or the exercise of such power.

The part I trust was not subject to inheritance tax because it was a trust that had a life share, power to invade, and a right of general power of appointment given to the wife. The wife’s will and codicils made no reference to the power of appointment.

Upon the wife’s death, inheritance tax was calculated and paid on the testamentary power of appointment, which had a date-of-death value of $593,545.07. This amount was included on the inheritance fax worksheet. The county court then entered an order determining $131,105 was due in inheritance tax from the nephews and nieces of the husband based on their representative interest. After the inheritance tax was paid, it was determined by the appellants, the copersonal representatives of the wife’s estate, that the tax should not have been paid on the value of the part I trust. The appellants then filed an application for [416]*416refund of inheritance tax in the amount of $53,419 pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-2018 (Reissue 1996).

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

The appellants assign as error the following: (1) The probate court erred in finding that inheritance tax was properly assessed on the value of property for which the wife held a general power of appointment, and (2) the probate court erred in finding that the wife received a fee interest in the property for which she held a general power of appointment.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

On appeal of an inheritance tax determination, an appellate court reviews the case for error appearing on the record. In re Estate of Muchemore, 252 Neb. 119, 560 N.W.2d 477 (1997); In re Estate of Ackerman, 250 Neb. 665, 550 N.W.2d 678 (1996).

ANALYSIS

General or Limited Power of Appointment

The question at issue is whether the part I trust assets valued at the wife’s death are includable in her estate and therefore subject to inheritance tax. The county court found that the assets included in the part I trust were to be included in the inheritance tax calculation. We disagree.

Whether inheritance tax is imposed on a power of appointment as an asset of an estate is controlled by Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 77-2008.03 and 77-2008.04 (Reissue 1996). Section 77-2008.03 provides:

Whenever any person or corporation shall be given a power of appointment over any property by a transfer which is subject to the provisions of sections 77-2001 to 77-2008.02, whether such power is created before or after June 13, 1955, such power of appointment shall be deemed a transfer of the interest in the property which is subject to such power from the donor to the donee of such power at the date of the donor’s death; Provided, if at the date of the donor’s death, the power of appointment is limited, in whole or in part, to be exercised in favor of one or more specific beneficiaries or classes of beneficiaries, then, to the extent it is so limited, such power of appoint[417]*417ment shall not be deemed a transfer from the donor to the donee of the power, but shall be deemed a transfer of the interest in the property which is subject to the power from the donor of the power to the specific beneficiary or class of beneficiaries, as of the date of the donor’s death.

Section 77-2008.04 provides: “The exercise or failure to exercise any power of appointment by the donee thereof, shall not be deemed a transfer which is subject to the provisions of sections 77-2001 to 77-2008.02.”

The first question to be addressed in this case is whether the wife’s power of appointment is general or limited. A general power of appointment means that an interest in the property passes to the donee at the donor’s death. A limited power of appointment means that an interest in the property passes not to the donee, but, rather, to a specific class of beneficiaries at the donor’s death. This court recently addressed the issue of general versus limited powers of appointment in In re Estate of Muchemore, supra. In In re Estate of Muchemore, 252 Neb. at 123, 560 N.W.2d at 480, the trust in question stated:

“On the death of the [appellee], the Trustee shall pay the then remaining principal.. . to . .. such person or persons or the estate of the [appellee], in such amounts and proportions ... as the [appellee] shall appoint by a Will.... “. . . On the death of the [appellee], if, or to the extent that, the [appellee] doesnot [sic] exercise her power to appoint by Will, the Trustee shall dispose of the then remaining principal. . . according to the terms and conditions .... of the CREDIT SHELTER TRUST____”

This court determined from the above language that the appellee received a general power of appointment because the appellee was given a virtually unlimited power of disposition.

Similar to the appellee in In re Estate of Muchemore, the wife was also given a virtually unlimited power of disposition.

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Dickerson v. County of Adams
571 N.W.2d 269 (Nebraska Supreme Court, 1997)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
571 N.W.2d 269, 253 Neb. 414, 1997 Neb. LEXIS 236, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/dickerson-v-county-of-adams-neb-1997.