Department of Corrections v. Courier-Journal & Louisville Times

914 S.W.2d 349, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 10, 1996 WL 27938
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedJanuary 26, 1996
DocketNos. 94-CA-1824-MR, 94-CA-1896-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 914 S.W.2d 349 (Department of Corrections v. Courier-Journal & Louisville Times) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Department of Corrections v. Courier-Journal & Louisville Times, 914 S.W.2d 349, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 10, 1996 WL 27938 (Ky. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinions

DYCHE, Judge.

The Department of Corrections and Karen DeFew Cronen, the Department’s Administrator of Offender Records, appeal from an order of the Franklin Circuit Court entered July 27,1994, holding that Deborah Yetter, a newspaper reporter, and her employer, the Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Company [hereinafter “the Courier-Journal”] are entitled to access to documents in the file of inmate Roger Gilliland relating to job assignments and disciplinary reports, requested pursuant to the Kentucky Open Records Act, KRS 61.870 et seq. Finding no error, we affirm.

The Department of Corrections refused a September 17,1993, request by the Courier-Journal reporter as it related to certain documents in Gilliland’s file. In a letter dated September 23, 1993, Ms. Cronen stated that certain documents were exempt from inspection pursuant to KRS 61.878(1), which states in pertinent part:

The following public records are excluded from the application of KRS 61.870 to 61.884 and shall be subject to inspection only upon order of a court of competent jurisdiction, except that no court shall authorize the inspection by any party of any materials pertaining to civil litigation beyond that which is provided by the Rules of Civil Procedure governing pretrial discovery. ...

(Emphasis ours.)

Cronen explained:

The Department officials have been sued regarding Mr. Gilliland’s employment at the Kentucky State Reformatory during [351]*3511991 and 1992 [Jarvis v. Wellman 92-0047 P(J) ]. Documents relating [sic] his job assignment and any disciplinary write ups involving same are not provided pursuant to KRS 61.878(1) because the judge has stayed all discovery in this civil action.

This position was affirmed by Barbara W. Jones, General Counsel to the Department of Corrections, in a letter to Jon L. Fleischaker, counsel for the Courier-Journal, dated October 12,1993.

Thereafter, the Courier-Journal appealed the Department’s denial to the Attorney General pursuant to the provisions of KRS 61.880, and on February 25, 1994, the Attorney General issued 94-ORD-19, which held that the Department of Corrections improperly denied Yetter’s request under KRS 61.878(1) and opined that the records identified in the request should be made available for immediate inspection. The Attorney General had concluded that the exception relied upon by the Department in denying the request which related to civil litigation could only be applied to “parties” to the litigation and not to a non-party such as the Courier-Journal. The Attorney General reasoned:

[H]ad it intended [KRS 61.878(1) ] to have broader scope, the Legislature could have used the term “person.” We must assume that the Legislature purposely employed the narrower term.

On March 25, 1994, the Department of Corrections filed a complaint in Franklin Circuit Court asking the court to “[r]everse the Opinion of the Attorney General and define ‘party1 to mean any and all ‘persons.’ ” The Courier-Journal, in its Answer, asked the court to uphold 94-ORD-19; find that the Department of Corrections wilfully withheld requested public records in violation of the law; award $25.00 for each day that the right to inspect the records was denied; and award costs including reasonable attorney fees.

The Franklin Circuit Court granted the Courier-Journal’s motion for summary judgment on July 27, 1994, and in doing so held that KRS 61.878(1) could not be relied upon to deny the Courier-Journal access to the requested documents in Gilliland’s file. The court reasoned that since the newspaper is not a litigant in Jarvis v. Wellman, nor acting on behalf of a litigant, the exception was inapplicable. The issues of an award and costs were not addressed. This appeal followed.

On direct appeal, appellants make three arguments in support of their contention that the exception set out in KRS 61.878(1) applies to any and all persons, and not just to litigants in any pending civil action where access to records has been restricted. Those arguments are: 1) exemptions in the Open Records Act do not create the presumption of disclosure; 2) rules of statutory construction were not applied; and 3) the Franklin Circuit Court erred when it created an exception in the Open Records Act not provided for by the statute. We will briefly address appellants’ arguments in the order presented.

First, the Department argues this Court must conduct a comparative weighing of the antagonistic interests involved herein, in accordance with Kentucky Board of Examiners of Psychologists v. Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Company, Ky., 826 S.W.2d 324 (1992). Specifically, it is urged that the Court evaluate the purpose and effect of the defense of qualified immunity raised in the Jarvis litigation and determine whether that defense and its protections, if ultimately recognized, outweigh the need for immediate public disclosure. It is our opinion, however, that this comparative weighing of interests is not necessary since it is only applicable to KRS 61.878(l)(a), the privacy exemption, which has not been asserted herein. That brings us to the main point of contention which is the definition of the word “party” as used in KRS 61.878(1) and the Courier-Journal’s status as it relates to that term.

Appellants argue the rules of statutory construction were not applied by the Attorney General nor considered by the Franklin Circuit Court. It is specifically alleged by appellants that:

By concluding that “party” as it is used in KRS 61.878(1) can only mean “party” to the litigation, the Attorney General has [352]*352applied the strict legal meaning, rather than the plain meaning of the word, which includes “a person or group of persons”. In applying the more restrictive legal definition of the word “party” instead of the common, ordinary meaning of the term, the Attorney General violated the principles of statutory construction which are equally applicable to the Open Records Act. The failure of the Franklin Circuit Court to address the question avoided the critical issue in the exemption in its entirety and therefore committed clear error.

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Bluebook (online)
914 S.W.2d 349, 1996 Ky. App. LEXIS 10, 1996 WL 27938, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/department-of-corrections-v-courier-journal-louisville-times-kyctapp-1996.