[Cite as Dennis v. Dennis, 2022-Ohio-1216.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
JUSTIN L. DENNIS, : APPEAL NO. C-210370 TRIAL NO. DR-1600776 Plaintiff-Appellant, :
vs. : O P I N I O N. NICOLE L. DENNIS, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: April 13, 2022
Robert G. Kelly, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
William E. Oswall, for Defendant-Appellee. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
WINKLER, Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Justin Dennis (“father”) appeals the decision of the
trial court granting the motion filed by his ex-wife Nicole Dennis (“mother”), in which
mother requested to relocate to Indiana and change their minor child’s school
placement. For the reasons that follow, we determine that the trial court did not abuse
its discretion, and we affirm.
Background
{¶2} In 2017, mother and father entered into a shared-parenting plan with
respect to their minor daughter. The parties share 50-50 parenting time under the
plan. With respect to schooling, the plan provided that the parties’ daughter shall
attend Harrison, Ohio, schools. At the time of the decree, mother had listed her
residence in Harrison, Ohio, and father had remained in the marital home in the Three
Rivers School District. The plan further provided that neither party “may remove and
establish residence for the minor child outside of Hamilton County, Ohio, or the
contiguous Ohio counties without the agreement of the other parent and/or an order
from the Court.”
{¶3} In February 2021, mother filed a motion of intent to relocate to Guilford,
Indiana. Father filed a motion opposing mother’s move to the extent that it would
change their daughter’s school district. Father requested that the court order their
daughter to attend school in the Three Rivers School District, father’s school district
of residence. The matter proceeded to trial in May 2021.
{¶4} Mother testified that the parties’ daughter was nine years old and
finishing her third-grade year. The child had attended the same elementary school in
Harrison, Ohio, since kindergarten. At the time of the divorce, mother had an
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
apartment, but she moved shortly thereafter into her father’s home while she and her
boyfriend looked for a home. Mother testified that she and her boyfriend had recently
bought a house together in Guilford, Indiana, which is in the Sunman-Dearborn
School District.
{¶5} Mother, her boyfriend, and her daughter toured North Dearborn
Elementary School and felt impressed by the staff, extracurricular activities, and
facilities, such as the library and the gym. Sunman-Dearborn had an overall rating of
“A-” according to Niche, which was higher than the rating for Three Rivers, father’s
school district. Mother testified that she had concerns regarding the campus layout in
Three Rivers, because the elementary, middle, and high school are all located on one
campus. Mother also testified that her daughter had already made friends in the
Indiana neighborhood and that she was excited to ride the bus to school.
{¶6} Mother testified that North Dearborn Elementary School is only eight
minutes farther than father’s driving time to Harrison Elementary School. Mother
also testified that she would be willing to pick up their daughter from school every day
and meet father or father’s mother in a more convenient location if they desired.
{¶7} Mother’s live-in boyfriend testified that he has a great relationship with
mother’s daughter. The boyfriend testified that he recently retired, and that he attends
almost all of the child’s sporting events. Mother’s boyfriend also testified that he helps
her with transportation and homework.
{¶8} Father testified that he did not want his daughter to attend school in
Indiana, and that he wanted her to attend the elementary school in the Three Rivers
School District. Father’s main concern was travel time. Father’s mother testified that
she and her granddaughter are very close and that she often picks her up from school.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Grandmother testified that it would be more difficult for her to pick up her
granddaughter from school in the afternoons in Indiana because she would have to
leave work earlier.
{¶9} The court-appointed guardian ad litem (“GAL”) also testified. The GAL
interviewed mother, mother’s boyfriend, father, and the parties’ daughter and
determined that the parties’ daughter would have more stability by attending school
in her father’s district, because father has not moved since the divorce. The GAL
determined that mother had moved out of the Harrison district without notifying the
school, and that mother unilaterally bought a home in Indiana with the understanding
that the decree required approval from father or the court. The GAL acknowledged
that the child had told her that she wanted to go to school at North Dearborn.
{¶10} At the conclusion of the trial, the trial court granted mother’s request to
interview the parties’ daughter in camera. The record indicates that the trial court
interviewed the daughter on May 26, 2021.
{¶11} The trial court entered a written decision finding that the parties’ child’s
best interest would be served by attending Sunman-Dearborn schools in Indiana. The
trial court determined that the shared-parenting plan originally contemplated sending
the child to Harrison schools in the mother’s district of residence as opposed to father’s
district, Three Rivers. Mother’s move to Guilford, Indiana, was only ten minutes
farther from father’s house, and the trial court found that an extra ten minutes of
driving time was not burdensome. Father had the flexibility with his job as a
landscaper to facilitate extra transportation. The trial court also determined that
North Dearborn had a better school ranking and a bigger library, and the child had
expressed a love of reading. The trial court also found persuasive mother’s testimony
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
that the child wanted to ride the bus to school. The trial court noted the GAL’s opinion
that mother’s multiple moves had created a lack of stability, but the trial court
nevertheless determined that father had stayed in the marital home and that mother
should not be penalized for moving. Thus, the trial court ordered the parties to enroll
their daughter in Sunman-Dearborn schools for the 2021-2022 school year.
{¶12} Father appeals.
Mother’s Move and Changing the Child’s School Placement
{¶13} Father’s first assignment of error alleges that the trial court abused its
discretion in granting mother’s motion to relocate and ordering enrollment of their
daughter in Sunman-Dearborn schools. Father’s second assignment of error alleges
that the trial court erred in relying on the false testimony of mother and her boyfriend.
Because both assignments of error ultimately challenge the trial court’s decision
ordering the parties’ minor child to attend Sunman-Dearborn schools, we analyze
father’s assignments of error together.
{¶14} The modification of a shared-parenting plan in which a child’s school
placement is changed is generally governed by R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(b). Marimon v.
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[Cite as Dennis v. Dennis, 2022-Ohio-1216.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
JUSTIN L. DENNIS, : APPEAL NO. C-210370 TRIAL NO. DR-1600776 Plaintiff-Appellant, :
vs. : O P I N I O N. NICOLE L. DENNIS, :
Defendant-Appellee. :
Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: April 13, 2022
Robert G. Kelly, for Plaintiff-Appellant,
William E. Oswall, for Defendant-Appellee. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
WINKLER, Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant Justin Dennis (“father”) appeals the decision of the
trial court granting the motion filed by his ex-wife Nicole Dennis (“mother”), in which
mother requested to relocate to Indiana and change their minor child’s school
placement. For the reasons that follow, we determine that the trial court did not abuse
its discretion, and we affirm.
Background
{¶2} In 2017, mother and father entered into a shared-parenting plan with
respect to their minor daughter. The parties share 50-50 parenting time under the
plan. With respect to schooling, the plan provided that the parties’ daughter shall
attend Harrison, Ohio, schools. At the time of the decree, mother had listed her
residence in Harrison, Ohio, and father had remained in the marital home in the Three
Rivers School District. The plan further provided that neither party “may remove and
establish residence for the minor child outside of Hamilton County, Ohio, or the
contiguous Ohio counties without the agreement of the other parent and/or an order
from the Court.”
{¶3} In February 2021, mother filed a motion of intent to relocate to Guilford,
Indiana. Father filed a motion opposing mother’s move to the extent that it would
change their daughter’s school district. Father requested that the court order their
daughter to attend school in the Three Rivers School District, father’s school district
of residence. The matter proceeded to trial in May 2021.
{¶4} Mother testified that the parties’ daughter was nine years old and
finishing her third-grade year. The child had attended the same elementary school in
Harrison, Ohio, since kindergarten. At the time of the divorce, mother had an
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
apartment, but she moved shortly thereafter into her father’s home while she and her
boyfriend looked for a home. Mother testified that she and her boyfriend had recently
bought a house together in Guilford, Indiana, which is in the Sunman-Dearborn
School District.
{¶5} Mother, her boyfriend, and her daughter toured North Dearborn
Elementary School and felt impressed by the staff, extracurricular activities, and
facilities, such as the library and the gym. Sunman-Dearborn had an overall rating of
“A-” according to Niche, which was higher than the rating for Three Rivers, father’s
school district. Mother testified that she had concerns regarding the campus layout in
Three Rivers, because the elementary, middle, and high school are all located on one
campus. Mother also testified that her daughter had already made friends in the
Indiana neighborhood and that she was excited to ride the bus to school.
{¶6} Mother testified that North Dearborn Elementary School is only eight
minutes farther than father’s driving time to Harrison Elementary School. Mother
also testified that she would be willing to pick up their daughter from school every day
and meet father or father’s mother in a more convenient location if they desired.
{¶7} Mother’s live-in boyfriend testified that he has a great relationship with
mother’s daughter. The boyfriend testified that he recently retired, and that he attends
almost all of the child’s sporting events. Mother’s boyfriend also testified that he helps
her with transportation and homework.
{¶8} Father testified that he did not want his daughter to attend school in
Indiana, and that he wanted her to attend the elementary school in the Three Rivers
School District. Father’s main concern was travel time. Father’s mother testified that
she and her granddaughter are very close and that she often picks her up from school.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Grandmother testified that it would be more difficult for her to pick up her
granddaughter from school in the afternoons in Indiana because she would have to
leave work earlier.
{¶9} The court-appointed guardian ad litem (“GAL”) also testified. The GAL
interviewed mother, mother’s boyfriend, father, and the parties’ daughter and
determined that the parties’ daughter would have more stability by attending school
in her father’s district, because father has not moved since the divorce. The GAL
determined that mother had moved out of the Harrison district without notifying the
school, and that mother unilaterally bought a home in Indiana with the understanding
that the decree required approval from father or the court. The GAL acknowledged
that the child had told her that she wanted to go to school at North Dearborn.
{¶10} At the conclusion of the trial, the trial court granted mother’s request to
interview the parties’ daughter in camera. The record indicates that the trial court
interviewed the daughter on May 26, 2021.
{¶11} The trial court entered a written decision finding that the parties’ child’s
best interest would be served by attending Sunman-Dearborn schools in Indiana. The
trial court determined that the shared-parenting plan originally contemplated sending
the child to Harrison schools in the mother’s district of residence as opposed to father’s
district, Three Rivers. Mother’s move to Guilford, Indiana, was only ten minutes
farther from father’s house, and the trial court found that an extra ten minutes of
driving time was not burdensome. Father had the flexibility with his job as a
landscaper to facilitate extra transportation. The trial court also determined that
North Dearborn had a better school ranking and a bigger library, and the child had
expressed a love of reading. The trial court also found persuasive mother’s testimony
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
that the child wanted to ride the bus to school. The trial court noted the GAL’s opinion
that mother’s multiple moves had created a lack of stability, but the trial court
nevertheless determined that father had stayed in the marital home and that mother
should not be penalized for moving. Thus, the trial court ordered the parties to enroll
their daughter in Sunman-Dearborn schools for the 2021-2022 school year.
{¶12} Father appeals.
Mother’s Move and Changing the Child’s School Placement
{¶13} Father’s first assignment of error alleges that the trial court abused its
discretion in granting mother’s motion to relocate and ordering enrollment of their
daughter in Sunman-Dearborn schools. Father’s second assignment of error alleges
that the trial court erred in relying on the false testimony of mother and her boyfriend.
Because both assignments of error ultimately challenge the trial court’s decision
ordering the parties’ minor child to attend Sunman-Dearborn schools, we analyze
father’s assignments of error together.
{¶14} The modification of a shared-parenting plan in which a child’s school
placement is changed is generally governed by R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(b). Marimon v.
Marimon, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-210137, 2021-Ohio-3437, ¶ 20, citing Fritsch v.
Fritsch, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-140163, 2014-Ohio-5357, ¶ 21. Under R.C.
3109.04(E)(2)(b), the trial court can modify the terms of the shared-parenting plan so
long as the modification is in the best interest of the child. As a general matter,
modifications to a shared-parenting plan are reviewed for an abuse of discretion.
Marimon at ¶ 23, citing Hall v. Hall, 4th Dist. Adams No. 16CA1030, 2017-Ohio-8968,
¶ 19.
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶15} In urging reversal of the trial court’s decision, father makes several
arguments regarding mother’s and mother’s boyfriend’s alleged wrongful behavior.
Father argues that mother should not be rewarded for moving out of state prior to
receiving a court order. The record shows that mother filed her motion to relocate at
the time she entered into a contract on the Indiana home, and that she moved into the
home just prior to trial. While mother moved out of state, and technically out of
Hamilton County as contemplated by the shared-parenting plan, mother moved only
ten minutes farther from father’s home on the west side of Hamilton County. Mother
could have moved to the eastern edge of Hamilton County, even farther from father,
without a court order. The trial court determined that mother’s move ten minutes
farther from father’s home was not unreasonable, and we agree.
{¶16} Father also argues that the trial court did not follow the
recommendation of the GAL, who felt that the child should enroll in father’s school
district, Three Rivers, for her stability. The GAL had sensed the child’s anxiety
regarding mother’s upcoming move during the GAL’s home visit, and the GAL found
that mother’s multiple moves contributed to the child’s lack of stability. Nevertheless,
the GAL acknowledged the child wanted to attend school at North Dearborn.
{¶17} The trial court chose not to follow the recommendation of the GAL in
finding that mother should not be penalized for her multiple moves while father
remained in the marital home. The trial court also interviewed the child in camera
without the GAL or the child’s parents present. Therefore, the trial court did not err
in failing to follow the recommendation of the GAL.
{¶18} Father argues that mother lied to Harrison schools and to the court by
continuing to enroll her daughter in Harrison schools, despite the fact that mother no
6 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
longer resided in Harrison. The record shows that father was aware that mother no
longer resided in the Harrison school district, yet father did not alert the court or the
school district either. Therefore, both parties permitted their daughter to attend
school in a district in which neither parent resided.
{¶19} Finally, father argues that mother’s boyfriend signed the mortgage and
deed for their Indiana home as if he were unmarried, when in fact his divorce was not
yet final. The testimony in the record demonstrates that mother’s boyfriend’s divorce
has been pending for several years and that mother’s boyfriend intends to follow
through with the divorce and to live with mother. Nothing in the record would suggest
that mother’s boyfriend has acted deceptively toward mother or toward the parties’
daughter, and the boyfriend has been supportive of the parties’ daughter.
{¶20} Ultimately, both parties acknowledge that their daughter cannot attend
school in Harrison legally any longer, so a change of schools was a necessity, unless
one of the parties chose to relocate to Harrison. The trial court, as the trier of fact,
heard the evidence presented and found that Sunman-Dearborn schools would be in
the best interest of the parties’ child in that it would offer more educationally and
recreationally and would not be much farther in terms of driving distance from father.
The trial court’s decision was not an abuse of discretion.
{¶21} We overrule father’s assignments of error.
Conclusion
{¶22} The trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting mother’s motion
to relocate and modifying the child’s school placement in the parties’ shared-parenting
plan. We affirm the judgment of the trial court. Judgment affirmed.
7 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
ZAYAS, P.J., and BOCK, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.