COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Chief Judge Decker, Judges Huff and Callins
DEBRA WOLCOTT MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 0783-22-2 PER CURIAM JANUARY 10, 2023 HENRETTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP, LLC
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF FREDERICKSBURG Gordon F. Willis, Judge
(Milton C. Johns; Executive Law Partners, PLLC, on brief), for appellant.
No brief for appellee.
Debra Wolcott appeals the judgment in her favor on her claims arising from a consumer
transaction. The appellant failed to file the transcripts or written statement of facts necessary to the
appeal pursuant to Rule 5A:8. As a result, we cannot reach her assignments of error. Consequently,
we hold that the appeal is wholly without merit and affirm the trial court’s judgment. 1
BACKGROUND
The appellant filed a complaint against Henretty Construction Group, LLC, (HCG) and
Michael S. Henretty in the circuit court alleging breach of contract, negligence, “property damage,”
violations of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act, and fraud in connection with her purchase of a
modular home. According to the complaint, HCG and Henretty misrepresented the identity of the
manufacturer of the modular home and that mechanical work on the home had been performed by
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 After examining the brief and record in this case, the panel unanimously agrees that because “the appeal is wholly without merit,” oral argument is unnecessary. Therefore, we dispense with oral argument in accordance with Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a) and Rule 5A:27(a). licensed contractors. The complaint further alleged HCG and Henretty failed to perform, or
negligently performed, work on the modular home following the purchase.
Henretty filed an answer to the complaint in his individual capacity and as the managing
member of HCG. The appellant then filed a motion for default judgment against HCG, and the
court granted her motion. She then filed a motion to nonsuit her claims against Henretty in his
individual capacity, which the trial court also granted.
The case proceeded to trial on April 12, 2022. The record does not include a transcript of
the two-day trial. Following the trial, the court entered judgment against HCG in the amount of
$16,930.78 and attorney fees in the amount of $3,400. In its final order, the trial court found that
the appellant was “not entitled to the $3,372.67 for the cost of work performed . . . charitably” and
that “the collateral source rule does not apply.” The court further found that the appellant was “not
entitled to treble damages pursuant to the Virginia Consumer Protection Act as the [c]ourt
determined that the violations were not willful.”
The appellant appeals this judgment and raises several assignments of error.
ANALYSIS
The appellant contends that the court erred by excluding witness testimony. She also argues
that the trial court erroneously held that the collateral source rule did not apply to “repair work
performed for [her] free of charge.” In addition, the appellant challenges the award of “a minimal
amount” of attorney fees and the decision to not award treble damages.
Rule 5A:8(a) requires that for a transcript to be part of the record on appeal, it must be “filed
in the office of the clerk of the trial court no later than 60 days after entry of the final judgment.”
Alternatively, an appellant may submit a written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript in
compliance with Rule 5A:8(c). If the appellant fails to “ensure that the record contains transcripts
-2- or a written statement of facts necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of
error affected by such omission will not be considered.” Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii).
We first address whether the record contains transcripts or a written statement of facts in
compliance with the rule. “[A] written statement becomes a part of the record” if three conditions
are met. Proctor v. Town of Colonial Beach, 15 Va. App. 608, 610 (1993) (en banc) (citing Rule
5A:8(c)). The first condition is that the statement is filed in the office of the clerk of the trial
court within 60 days after entry of judgment. Rule 5A:8(c)(1). The second condition is that “a
copy of the statement is mailed or delivered to opposing counsel along with a notice that the
statement will be presented to the trial judge between fifteen and twenty days after filing.”
Proctor, 15 Va. App. at 610. The third condition is “the trial judge signs the statement and the
signed statement is filed in the office of the clerk.” Id. “[O]nce the appellant has complied with
the first two elements of Rule 5A:8(c), he or she has established prima facie compliance with the
requirements of the rule.” Id.
Here, the record does not include transcripts from the court hearings. The trial court entered
its final order on April 26, 2022. On June 20, 2022, the appellant filed a “Written Statement In Lieu
of Transcript” in support of her appeal. The written statement of facts did not provide notice to
HCG that it would be presented to the trial judge. Nor was the statement signed by the trial judge.
See Rule 5A:8(c). “Consequently, the statement of facts is not ‘a part of the record.’” See Clary
v. Clary, 15 Va. App. 598, 600 (1993) (en banc) (quoting Mayhood v. Mayhood, 4 Va. App. 365,
369 (1987)) (holding that it would be inappropriate to remand for the trial judge to sign the
statement because the appellant failed to establish prima facie compliance with Rule 5A:8(c)).
In light of our determination that the written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript is
not a part of the record, we must consider whether it or a transcript is indispensable to a
determination of the assignments of error. See id. “On appeal, we presume the judgment of the
-3- trial court is correct . . . .” Bay v. Commonwealth, 60 Va. App. 520, 528 (2012). “The burden is
upon the appellant to provide [the reviewing court] with a record which substantiates the claim of
error. In the absence [of a sufficient record], we will not consider the point.” Dixon v. Dixon, 71
Va. App. 709, 716 (2020) (second alteration in original) (quoting Robinson v. Robinson, 50
Va. App. 189, 197 (2007)).
For her first assignment of error, the appellant contends that the trial court erred by
excluding the testimony of one of her witnesses. The record as it exists, however, fails to show
that the court excluded any testimony as the appellant claims. For her second assignment of
error, she contends that the trial court erred by holding that the collateral source rule did not
apply to the “repair work performed for [her] free of charge.” The determination of whether the
collateral source rule applies in a breach of contract action depends on the circumstances of each
case. See Dominion Res., Inc. v. Alstom Power, Inc., 297 Va. 262, 274 (2019) (holding that a
case-by-case analysis is required to determine whether the collateral source rule applies in a breach
of contract action). In the absence of a transcript or written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript,
we cannot determine whether the specific circumstances in this case warranted the application of the
collateral source rule.
Similarly, with regard to the other alleged errors, a transcript or written statement of facts
in lieu of a transcript is indispensable in determining whether the trial court abused its discretion by
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA UNPUBLISHED
Present: Chief Judge Decker, Judges Huff and Callins
DEBRA WOLCOTT MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 0783-22-2 PER CURIAM JANUARY 10, 2023 HENRETTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP, LLC
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF FREDERICKSBURG Gordon F. Willis, Judge
(Milton C. Johns; Executive Law Partners, PLLC, on brief), for appellant.
No brief for appellee.
Debra Wolcott appeals the judgment in her favor on her claims arising from a consumer
transaction. The appellant failed to file the transcripts or written statement of facts necessary to the
appeal pursuant to Rule 5A:8. As a result, we cannot reach her assignments of error. Consequently,
we hold that the appeal is wholly without merit and affirm the trial court’s judgment. 1
BACKGROUND
The appellant filed a complaint against Henretty Construction Group, LLC, (HCG) and
Michael S. Henretty in the circuit court alleging breach of contract, negligence, “property damage,”
violations of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act, and fraud in connection with her purchase of a
modular home. According to the complaint, HCG and Henretty misrepresented the identity of the
manufacturer of the modular home and that mechanical work on the home had been performed by
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 After examining the brief and record in this case, the panel unanimously agrees that because “the appeal is wholly without merit,” oral argument is unnecessary. Therefore, we dispense with oral argument in accordance with Code § 17.1-403(ii)(a) and Rule 5A:27(a). licensed contractors. The complaint further alleged HCG and Henretty failed to perform, or
negligently performed, work on the modular home following the purchase.
Henretty filed an answer to the complaint in his individual capacity and as the managing
member of HCG. The appellant then filed a motion for default judgment against HCG, and the
court granted her motion. She then filed a motion to nonsuit her claims against Henretty in his
individual capacity, which the trial court also granted.
The case proceeded to trial on April 12, 2022. The record does not include a transcript of
the two-day trial. Following the trial, the court entered judgment against HCG in the amount of
$16,930.78 and attorney fees in the amount of $3,400. In its final order, the trial court found that
the appellant was “not entitled to the $3,372.67 for the cost of work performed . . . charitably” and
that “the collateral source rule does not apply.” The court further found that the appellant was “not
entitled to treble damages pursuant to the Virginia Consumer Protection Act as the [c]ourt
determined that the violations were not willful.”
The appellant appeals this judgment and raises several assignments of error.
ANALYSIS
The appellant contends that the court erred by excluding witness testimony. She also argues
that the trial court erroneously held that the collateral source rule did not apply to “repair work
performed for [her] free of charge.” In addition, the appellant challenges the award of “a minimal
amount” of attorney fees and the decision to not award treble damages.
Rule 5A:8(a) requires that for a transcript to be part of the record on appeal, it must be “filed
in the office of the clerk of the trial court no later than 60 days after entry of the final judgment.”
Alternatively, an appellant may submit a written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript in
compliance with Rule 5A:8(c). If the appellant fails to “ensure that the record contains transcripts
-2- or a written statement of facts necessary to permit resolution of appellate issues, any assignments of
error affected by such omission will not be considered.” Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii).
We first address whether the record contains transcripts or a written statement of facts in
compliance with the rule. “[A] written statement becomes a part of the record” if three conditions
are met. Proctor v. Town of Colonial Beach, 15 Va. App. 608, 610 (1993) (en banc) (citing Rule
5A:8(c)). The first condition is that the statement is filed in the office of the clerk of the trial
court within 60 days after entry of judgment. Rule 5A:8(c)(1). The second condition is that “a
copy of the statement is mailed or delivered to opposing counsel along with a notice that the
statement will be presented to the trial judge between fifteen and twenty days after filing.”
Proctor, 15 Va. App. at 610. The third condition is “the trial judge signs the statement and the
signed statement is filed in the office of the clerk.” Id. “[O]nce the appellant has complied with
the first two elements of Rule 5A:8(c), he or she has established prima facie compliance with the
requirements of the rule.” Id.
Here, the record does not include transcripts from the court hearings. The trial court entered
its final order on April 26, 2022. On June 20, 2022, the appellant filed a “Written Statement In Lieu
of Transcript” in support of her appeal. The written statement of facts did not provide notice to
HCG that it would be presented to the trial judge. Nor was the statement signed by the trial judge.
See Rule 5A:8(c). “Consequently, the statement of facts is not ‘a part of the record.’” See Clary
v. Clary, 15 Va. App. 598, 600 (1993) (en banc) (quoting Mayhood v. Mayhood, 4 Va. App. 365,
369 (1987)) (holding that it would be inappropriate to remand for the trial judge to sign the
statement because the appellant failed to establish prima facie compliance with Rule 5A:8(c)).
In light of our determination that the written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript is
not a part of the record, we must consider whether it or a transcript is indispensable to a
determination of the assignments of error. See id. “On appeal, we presume the judgment of the
-3- trial court is correct . . . .” Bay v. Commonwealth, 60 Va. App. 520, 528 (2012). “The burden is
upon the appellant to provide [the reviewing court] with a record which substantiates the claim of
error. In the absence [of a sufficient record], we will not consider the point.” Dixon v. Dixon, 71
Va. App. 709, 716 (2020) (second alteration in original) (quoting Robinson v. Robinson, 50
Va. App. 189, 197 (2007)).
For her first assignment of error, the appellant contends that the trial court erred by
excluding the testimony of one of her witnesses. The record as it exists, however, fails to show
that the court excluded any testimony as the appellant claims. For her second assignment of
error, she contends that the trial court erred by holding that the collateral source rule did not
apply to the “repair work performed for [her] free of charge.” The determination of whether the
collateral source rule applies in a breach of contract action depends on the circumstances of each
case. See Dominion Res., Inc. v. Alstom Power, Inc., 297 Va. 262, 274 (2019) (holding that a
case-by-case analysis is required to determine whether the collateral source rule applies in a breach
of contract action). In the absence of a transcript or written statement of facts in lieu of a transcript,
we cannot determine whether the specific circumstances in this case warranted the application of the
collateral source rule.
Similarly, with regard to the other alleged errors, a transcript or written statement of facts
in lieu of a transcript is indispensable in determining whether the trial court abused its discretion by
awarding the appellant $3,400 in attorney fees and declining to award treble damages. See
Portsmouth 2175 Elmhurst, LLC v. City of Portsmouth, 298 Va. 310, 333 (2020) (noting that an
appellate court “will set aside a trial court’s determination of the amount of attorney[] fees to be
awarded only if the court abused its discretion” (quoting W. Square, L.L.C. v. Commc’n Techs.,
274 Va. 425, 433 (2007))); Holmes v. LG Marion Corp., 258 Va. 473, 478 (1999) (reviewing for
-4- an abuse of discretion a decision to not award treble damages under the Virginia Consumer
Protection Act).
With no record of the arguments the appellant made or the positions she took at trial, we
cannot know whether she presented the specific arguments she advances on appeal to the trial court
or if her appellate arguments repudiate a position that she may have taken below, let alone whether
the court abused its discretion as she claims. See Rule 5A:18 (an appellate court will only consider
arguments that were timely raised in the trial court); Nelson v. Commonwealth, 71 Va. App. 397,
403 (2020) (recognizing that a party may not take inconsistent or contradictory positions during the
course of litigation). We conclude that a transcript, or a written statement of facts in lieu of a
transcript, is indispensable to a determination of this appeal. See generally Bay, 60 Va. App. at
528-29; Shiembob v. Shiembob, 55 Va. App. 234, 246 (2009); Anderson v. Commonwealth, 13
Va. App. 506, 508-09 (1992); Turner v. Commonwealth, 2 Va. App. 96, 99-100 (1986).
The appellant failed to ensure that the record contains the material necessary to permit the
Court to resolve the assignments of error she presents on appeal. See Rule 5A:8(b)(4)(ii).
Therefore, we cannot consider them and affirm the judgment of the trial court. See Browning v.
Browning, 68 Va. App. 19, 30 (2017) (holding that a Rule 5A:8 error requires affirmance rather
than dismissal because it is non-jurisdictional).
CONCLUSION
The appellant’s failure to timely file the transcripts or a valid written statement of facts
precludes us from considering her assignments of error. Consequently, we affirm the judgment
of the trial court.
Affirmed.
-5-