Gardner, P. J.
1. As we construe the petition, the sole basis for establishing liability and damages in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant is the allegation that the defendant notified the plaintiff that the permit issued to the plaintiff was void [861]*861and that the plaintiff could not operate the abattoir but that the defendant would prevent and keep the plaintiff from operating the abattoir and that the defendant had consistently allowed the actions to stand. In this connection it is appropriate to- consider the case of City of Thomson v. Davis, ante, p. 216 (88 S. E. 2d 300), in which it was decided that the general demurrer of the City of Thomson should have been sustained to a petition of the plaintiff in the instant case, which case alleged substantially the same facts as the petition in the instant case and which arose by reason of the identical events. We will have occasion to further refer to that decision. The present action is brought under the provisions of Code § 69-208, which read: “Members of the council and other officers of a municipal corporation shall be personally liable to one who- sustains special damages as the result of any official act of such officers, if done oppressively, maliciously, corruptly, or without authority of law.”
The act of the General Assembly approved August 19, 1927 (Ga. L. 1927, pp. 1631 et seq.), created a new charter for the City of Thomson. This court takes judicial cognizance of this act. Section 13 of the charter provides: “That the mayor . . . shall not vote on legislative questions and matters before the body, except in case of a tie.”
Construing the petition most strongly against the pleader, as must be done on demurrer, it will be presumed by this court that there was no- tie in any action taken .by the City Council of Thomson whereby the defendant, as mayor, was authorized to, or actually did, vote upon any question respecting the issuance or the revocation of the plaintiff’s permit, or the operation of his abattoir. It appears there was no contract between the City of Thomson and the plaintiff (see City of Thomson v. Davis, supra); consequently, there can be none between the plaintiff in the instant case and the defendant. The action for damages in the instant case for the alleged taking and damaging of the property of the defendant is predicated solely on Code § 69-208. The provisions of that section as to oppressive, malicious, corrupt, and unlawful acts cannot be applied to the acts of the defendant in the instant case, for it nowhere appears in the allegations of the petition that the defendant by force, threats, or any means what[862]*862soever prevented the plaintiff from conducting his business or exercising the privilege and license. Indeed, it is not alleged that the defendant canceled or revoked the permit. It is only-alleged that the defendant notified the plaintiff to the effect that his permit was void and that the plaintiff could not operate the abattoir under such permit. Under the provisions of the charter of the City of Thomson, the city council, and not the mayor, is authorized to issue permits and licenses. Reverting again to City of Thomson v. Davis, supra, this court said: “The acts of the governing authorities of the city here complained of constituted neither a taking nor a damaging for public purposes, but were an unlawful attempt on the part of the governing authorities to regulate the use of the property of the owner for his own purposes. This is the construction given by a majority of the courts of this country to similar constitutional provisions. In 11 Am. Jur. 1005, § 266, it is stated: ‘Acts done in the proper exercise of the police power, which merely impair the use of property, do not constitute a taking within the meaning of the constitutional requirement as to the making of compensation for the taking of property for public use, and accordingly do not entitle the owner of such property to compensation from the State or its agents, or give him any right of action for the injuries sustained.’ . . But where no- law or ordinance is under attack, and where the subject matter is such as to come under the valid exercise of police power (as slaughterhouses were declared to be in the Cutsinger case, supra) no case is made which would entitle the plaintiff to compensation for a ‘taking for public purposes.’ . . In the present case, title to the property and its possession, physically unimpaired, remain in the owner and only the use is sought to be restricted. This does not establish a cause of action against the city for money damages.
“The contention in the remaining count that the defendant became liable because its action deprived the plaintiff of his property without due process of law is not well taken. Being ex parte, the revocation of the license was void, and he did not need to pay any attention to it unless his continued operation of the business would subject him to penal action on the part of the city, in which case he would have his remedy by injunction to keep the defendant from interfering with his proper use of [863]*863the property. Carey v. City of Atlanta, 143 Ga. 192 (2) (84 S. E. 456, L.R.A. 1915D, 684, Ann. Cas. 1916E, 1151); Cutsinger v. City of Atlanta, supra; New Mission Baptist Church v. City of Atlanta, 200 Ga. 518 (37 S. E. 2d 377); City Council of Augusta v. Sanders, 164 Ga. 235 (138 S. E. 234). Obviously the plaintiff has not been deprived of his property, although the action was without due process of law. He still has his property and he has the right to operate.” It thus follows that under the authorities cited and the conclusions reached in City of Thomson v. Davis, supra, the plaintiff in the instant case could have, with impunity, ignored the notice from the defendant and then retained the right to use his property.
The effect of the provisions of Code § 69-208 is to create liability against municipal officers under such conditions when they commit a tort, as provided in Code § 105-101, which reads as follows: “A tort is the unlawful violation of a private legal right.”
Code § 105-104 provides: “Private duties may arise from statute, or flow from relations created by contract, express or implied. The violation of any such specific duty accompanied with damage shall give a right of action.”
In Rossignoll v. Northeastern Railroad, 75 Ga. 354, the Supreme Court in referring to a tort action said: “To entitle a party to such an action there must be a violation of right, accompanied with damage.”
It must be kept in mind that there are three essential elements to a cause of action in tort: (1) A right; (2) its violation; (3) damage. We may assume, without deciding, that the plaintiff had a vested right in the permit. Such right alone is not sufficient to enable the plaintiff to maintain his action in the case now before us. It is incumbent upon the plaintiff to go further and show that there was a violation of that right. The revocation of his license was void. Under the allegations of the-petition there was no violation of the plaintiff’s right by the defendant, because the defendant did not take or damage his property (the property of the plaintiff) for public purposes and he did not revoke or attempt to revoke the plaintiff’s license. The plaintiff must show damage. No damage has been shown in the instant case. The title to the plaintiff’s property and its [864]
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Gardner, P. J.
1. As we construe the petition, the sole basis for establishing liability and damages in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant is the allegation that the defendant notified the plaintiff that the permit issued to the plaintiff was void [861]*861and that the plaintiff could not operate the abattoir but that the defendant would prevent and keep the plaintiff from operating the abattoir and that the defendant had consistently allowed the actions to stand. In this connection it is appropriate to- consider the case of City of Thomson v. Davis, ante, p. 216 (88 S. E. 2d 300), in which it was decided that the general demurrer of the City of Thomson should have been sustained to a petition of the plaintiff in the instant case, which case alleged substantially the same facts as the petition in the instant case and which arose by reason of the identical events. We will have occasion to further refer to that decision. The present action is brought under the provisions of Code § 69-208, which read: “Members of the council and other officers of a municipal corporation shall be personally liable to one who- sustains special damages as the result of any official act of such officers, if done oppressively, maliciously, corruptly, or without authority of law.”
The act of the General Assembly approved August 19, 1927 (Ga. L. 1927, pp. 1631 et seq.), created a new charter for the City of Thomson. This court takes judicial cognizance of this act. Section 13 of the charter provides: “That the mayor . . . shall not vote on legislative questions and matters before the body, except in case of a tie.”
Construing the petition most strongly against the pleader, as must be done on demurrer, it will be presumed by this court that there was no- tie in any action taken .by the City Council of Thomson whereby the defendant, as mayor, was authorized to, or actually did, vote upon any question respecting the issuance or the revocation of the plaintiff’s permit, or the operation of his abattoir. It appears there was no contract between the City of Thomson and the plaintiff (see City of Thomson v. Davis, supra); consequently, there can be none between the plaintiff in the instant case and the defendant. The action for damages in the instant case for the alleged taking and damaging of the property of the defendant is predicated solely on Code § 69-208. The provisions of that section as to oppressive, malicious, corrupt, and unlawful acts cannot be applied to the acts of the defendant in the instant case, for it nowhere appears in the allegations of the petition that the defendant by force, threats, or any means what[862]*862soever prevented the plaintiff from conducting his business or exercising the privilege and license. Indeed, it is not alleged that the defendant canceled or revoked the permit. It is only-alleged that the defendant notified the plaintiff to the effect that his permit was void and that the plaintiff could not operate the abattoir under such permit. Under the provisions of the charter of the City of Thomson, the city council, and not the mayor, is authorized to issue permits and licenses. Reverting again to City of Thomson v. Davis, supra, this court said: “The acts of the governing authorities of the city here complained of constituted neither a taking nor a damaging for public purposes, but were an unlawful attempt on the part of the governing authorities to regulate the use of the property of the owner for his own purposes. This is the construction given by a majority of the courts of this country to similar constitutional provisions. In 11 Am. Jur. 1005, § 266, it is stated: ‘Acts done in the proper exercise of the police power, which merely impair the use of property, do not constitute a taking within the meaning of the constitutional requirement as to the making of compensation for the taking of property for public use, and accordingly do not entitle the owner of such property to compensation from the State or its agents, or give him any right of action for the injuries sustained.’ . . But where no- law or ordinance is under attack, and where the subject matter is such as to come under the valid exercise of police power (as slaughterhouses were declared to be in the Cutsinger case, supra) no case is made which would entitle the plaintiff to compensation for a ‘taking for public purposes.’ . . In the present case, title to the property and its possession, physically unimpaired, remain in the owner and only the use is sought to be restricted. This does not establish a cause of action against the city for money damages.
“The contention in the remaining count that the defendant became liable because its action deprived the plaintiff of his property without due process of law is not well taken. Being ex parte, the revocation of the license was void, and he did not need to pay any attention to it unless his continued operation of the business would subject him to penal action on the part of the city, in which case he would have his remedy by injunction to keep the defendant from interfering with his proper use of [863]*863the property. Carey v. City of Atlanta, 143 Ga. 192 (2) (84 S. E. 456, L.R.A. 1915D, 684, Ann. Cas. 1916E, 1151); Cutsinger v. City of Atlanta, supra; New Mission Baptist Church v. City of Atlanta, 200 Ga. 518 (37 S. E. 2d 377); City Council of Augusta v. Sanders, 164 Ga. 235 (138 S. E. 234). Obviously the plaintiff has not been deprived of his property, although the action was without due process of law. He still has his property and he has the right to operate.” It thus follows that under the authorities cited and the conclusions reached in City of Thomson v. Davis, supra, the plaintiff in the instant case could have, with impunity, ignored the notice from the defendant and then retained the right to use his property.
The effect of the provisions of Code § 69-208 is to create liability against municipal officers under such conditions when they commit a tort, as provided in Code § 105-101, which reads as follows: “A tort is the unlawful violation of a private legal right.”
Code § 105-104 provides: “Private duties may arise from statute, or flow from relations created by contract, express or implied. The violation of any such specific duty accompanied with damage shall give a right of action.”
In Rossignoll v. Northeastern Railroad, 75 Ga. 354, the Supreme Court in referring to a tort action said: “To entitle a party to such an action there must be a violation of right, accompanied with damage.”
It must be kept in mind that there are three essential elements to a cause of action in tort: (1) A right; (2) its violation; (3) damage. We may assume, without deciding, that the plaintiff had a vested right in the permit. Such right alone is not sufficient to enable the plaintiff to maintain his action in the case now before us. It is incumbent upon the plaintiff to go further and show that there was a violation of that right. The revocation of his license was void. Under the allegations of the-petition there was no violation of the plaintiff’s right by the defendant, because the defendant did not take or damage his property (the property of the plaintiff) for public purposes and he did not revoke or attempt to revoke the plaintiff’s license. The plaintiff must show damage. No damage has been shown in the instant case. The title to the plaintiff’s property and its [864]*864possession is physically unimpaired and remains in him. The plaintiff still has his property and the right to use it. If that right is interfered with, he has his remedy to protect his right by injunction. See Peginis v. City of Atlanta, 132 Ga. 302 (63 S. E. 857, 35 L.R.A. (NS) 716); City Council of Augusta v. Sanders, 164 Ga. 235 (138 S. E. 234); New Mission Baptist Church v. City of Atlanta, 200 Ga. 518 (37 S. E. 2d 377).
2. The plaintiff, in support of his contention 'that the court erred in sustaining the demurrer to his petition, calls our attention to Kitchens v. Jefferson County, 85 Ga. App. 902 (70 S. E. 2d 527). In that case the defendants committed overt acts in tearing away a brick wall, placing a culvert in a ditch, tearing up iron stakes, cutting tree limbs and making a roadway over graves. Doing such acts inflicted actual damage on the property and did not leave it physically unimpaired. Also, our attention is called to Stembridge v. Wright, 32 Ga. App. 587 (124 S. E. 115). That case shows overt acts committed by the defendant in making an illegal arrest and imprisonment, thereby depriving the defendant of his liberty and not leaving him physically unimpaired. Our attention is called also to Atlanta v. Gate City Gas Light Co., 71 Ga. 106, and City of Summerville v. Georgia Power Co., 205 Ga. 843 (55 S. E. 2d 540). The principal law, applicable under the facts of those cases, is not applicable in the instant case. In those cases the principle of estoppel was involved. “Estoppel merely precludes from setting up a defense, but creates no new right of action in the opposite party.” See also City of Thomson v. Davis, supra. Our attention is called also to Pruden v. Love, 67 Ga. 190. In that case the plaintiff had been notified of a meeting at a specific time at which his case would be heard. The time of the meeting was changed without notice to the plaintiff. The demolition of his property was approved and the building was demolished. Such are not the facts in the instant case. Also, our attention is called to City of Atlanta v. Dooly, 74 Ga. 702. In that case the billboard of the plaintiff was actually destroyed. The property of the plaintiff was physically impaired. The damage to the property was committed by overt acts, thus the-legal prerequisites, for the commission of a tort were shown by the existence of a right, its violation, and damage.
[865]*865The court did not err in dismissing the plaintiff’s petition on the general demurrers in each instance.
Judgment affirmed.
Felton, C. J., Carlisle and Quillian, JJ., concur. Toivnsend and Nichols, JJ., dissent.