MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Oct 04 2017, 10:01 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Megan Shipley Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Chandra K. Hein Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Darren E. Essett, October 4, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1704-CR-795 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Mark D. Stoner, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G06-1603-F1-11932
Altice, Judge.
Case Summary
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 1 of 7 [1] Following a jury trial, Darren E. Essett was convicted of attempted murder, a
Level 1 felony, and found to be a habitual offender. On appeal, Essett argues
that the trial court committed fundamental error in the manner in which it
responded to a question from the jury during deliberations.
[2] We affirm.
Facts & Procedural History
[3] In February and March of 2016, Essett sent a number of death threats via text
messages to his ex-wife, Sherrill Essett, and engaged in other intimidating
behavior toward her, including slashing a tire on her car and telling her he
would pay to replace it only if she had sex with him. Essett eventually made
plans to have the tire fixed on March 26, 2016. When Essett arrived at
Sherrill’s apartment, he became angry and accused her of having another man
in her apartment. Essett tried to enter Sherrill’s apartment, but she refused to
let him in. Essett told Sherill, “If I can’t have you, ain’t nobody going to have
you, bitch. You going to die today.” Transcript at 43. Essett then pulled out a
knife or box cutter and cut Sherrill’s neck. Sherrill ran into her apartment, and
Essett got into his truck and drove away. Fortunately, Essett did not sever
Sherrill’s carotid artery or jugular vein, but it took over 300 stitches to close her
wound.
[4] As a result of these events, the State charged Essett with attempted murder, a
Level 1 felony, and filed a habitual offender allegation. A jury trial commenced
on February 27, 2017, and at the conclusion of the evidence, the parties agreed
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 2 of 7 that the jury would be instructed on two lesser-included offenses: Level 3
felony aggravated battery and Level 5 felony battery causing serious bodily
injury. The jury was further instructed that “[y]ou must not find the defendant
guilty of more than one crime for each count and your verdict must be
unanimous.” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 101.
[5] After jury deliberations began, the following exchange occurred on the record:
THE COURT: All right. Please be seated. Thank you, lawyers, for getting this done in a timely fashion. I will need your cell phone or text messages numbers in case the jury has any questions. Mr. Essett, the way we will do any questions or things from the jury, is if they have a question I will call the lawyers on a three-way call and I will tell them what the question is and what my purposed [sic] answer is. If everybody agrees on what the answer is, I will send the answer back to [the] jury and then before we take the verdict I will make a record of all of the questions and answers that were given. Now if we don’t agree on what the answer is, I will bring everyone, including you, back into court. We will go over the question, the purposed [sic] answer. Both sides will be able to make argument and then I will make the decision as to what goes back. Okay.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: That means that if there is a question, I agree with the answer, you won’t even know about it. You will be consulted if I don’t like the answer. Is that okay?
THE COURT: But you will know about it right before we take the verdict because I will go through all the questions and all of the answers that we agreed to. Okay. [Defense Counsel], anything else?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: No, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 3 of 7 Transcript Vol. 2 at 186-87. The record does not reflect any verbal response from
Essett, and he did not ask any questions or object to this procedure.
[6] During the deliberations, the jury submitted the following question to the trial
court: “If we are deadlocked as to [the] first count, can we move to convict of
[the] lesser charge or do we have to be unanimous as to acquittal on [the] first
charge?” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 112. The trial court, following the
procedure outlined above, called the prosecuting attorney and defense counsel
on a three-way call, and the attorneys agreed that the following written answer
would be sent to the jury: “Please review your instructions. Whatever verdict
you reach, it must be unanimous.” Id. When the parties reconvened to hear
the jury’s verdict, Essett was informed of the jury’s question and the court’s
response, and he raised no objection to the procedures followed. The jury then
pronounced its verdict, finding Essett guilty of attempted murder. Essett then
waived his right to a jury trial on the habitual offender allegation, and following
a bench trial thereon, was adjudicated as such. Essett was ultimately sentenced
to a term of forty years, with twenty-six years served in the Department of
Correction and the remaining fourteen years served on home detention. Essett
now appeals.
Discussion & Decision
[7] Essett argues the trial court’s response to the jury’s question constituted an
improper communication with the jury outside his presence. Although Essett’s
trial counsel agreed to the trial court’s response, Essett argues that the trial court
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 4 of 7 was required to obtain a personal waiver on the record of Essett’s right to be
present for such communications. Essett acknowledges that he did not object
on this basis below and that he must therefore establish fundamental error to
prevail on appeal. See Jewell v. State, 887 N.E.2d 939, 940 n.1 (Ind. 2008)
(explaining that “[t]he fundamental error doctrine is an exception to the general
rule that the failure to object at trial constitutes a procedural default precluding
consideration of an issue on appeal”). Our Supreme Court has described the
fundamental error standard as a “daunting” one, applicable only in the most
egregious circumstances. Knapp v. State, 9 N.E.3d 1274, 1281 (Ind. 2014). “To
qualify as fundamental error, ‘an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the
defendant as to make a fair trial impossible’ and must ‘constitute a blatant
violation of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm must be substantial,
and the resulting error must deny the defendant fundamental due process.’”
Absher v. State, 866 N.E.2d 350, 355 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (quoting Benson v.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Oct 04 2017, 10:01 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Megan Shipley Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Chandra K. Hein Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Darren E. Essett, October 4, 2017 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 49A02-1704-CR-795 v. Appeal from the Marion Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Mark D. Stoner, Appellee-Plaintiff Judge Trial Court Cause No. 49G06-1603-F1-11932
Altice, Judge.
Case Summary
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 1 of 7 [1] Following a jury trial, Darren E. Essett was convicted of attempted murder, a
Level 1 felony, and found to be a habitual offender. On appeal, Essett argues
that the trial court committed fundamental error in the manner in which it
responded to a question from the jury during deliberations.
[2] We affirm.
Facts & Procedural History
[3] In February and March of 2016, Essett sent a number of death threats via text
messages to his ex-wife, Sherrill Essett, and engaged in other intimidating
behavior toward her, including slashing a tire on her car and telling her he
would pay to replace it only if she had sex with him. Essett eventually made
plans to have the tire fixed on March 26, 2016. When Essett arrived at
Sherrill’s apartment, he became angry and accused her of having another man
in her apartment. Essett tried to enter Sherrill’s apartment, but she refused to
let him in. Essett told Sherill, “If I can’t have you, ain’t nobody going to have
you, bitch. You going to die today.” Transcript at 43. Essett then pulled out a
knife or box cutter and cut Sherrill’s neck. Sherrill ran into her apartment, and
Essett got into his truck and drove away. Fortunately, Essett did not sever
Sherrill’s carotid artery or jugular vein, but it took over 300 stitches to close her
wound.
[4] As a result of these events, the State charged Essett with attempted murder, a
Level 1 felony, and filed a habitual offender allegation. A jury trial commenced
on February 27, 2017, and at the conclusion of the evidence, the parties agreed
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 2 of 7 that the jury would be instructed on two lesser-included offenses: Level 3
felony aggravated battery and Level 5 felony battery causing serious bodily
injury. The jury was further instructed that “[y]ou must not find the defendant
guilty of more than one crime for each count and your verdict must be
unanimous.” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 101.
[5] After jury deliberations began, the following exchange occurred on the record:
THE COURT: All right. Please be seated. Thank you, lawyers, for getting this done in a timely fashion. I will need your cell phone or text messages numbers in case the jury has any questions. Mr. Essett, the way we will do any questions or things from the jury, is if they have a question I will call the lawyers on a three-way call and I will tell them what the question is and what my purposed [sic] answer is. If everybody agrees on what the answer is, I will send the answer back to [the] jury and then before we take the verdict I will make a record of all of the questions and answers that were given. Now if we don’t agree on what the answer is, I will bring everyone, including you, back into court. We will go over the question, the purposed [sic] answer. Both sides will be able to make argument and then I will make the decision as to what goes back. Okay.
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: That means that if there is a question, I agree with the answer, you won’t even know about it. You will be consulted if I don’t like the answer. Is that okay?
THE COURT: But you will know about it right before we take the verdict because I will go through all the questions and all of the answers that we agreed to. Okay. [Defense Counsel], anything else?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: No, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 3 of 7 Transcript Vol. 2 at 186-87. The record does not reflect any verbal response from
Essett, and he did not ask any questions or object to this procedure.
[6] During the deliberations, the jury submitted the following question to the trial
court: “If we are deadlocked as to [the] first count, can we move to convict of
[the] lesser charge or do we have to be unanimous as to acquittal on [the] first
charge?” Appellant’s Appendix Vol. 2 at 112. The trial court, following the
procedure outlined above, called the prosecuting attorney and defense counsel
on a three-way call, and the attorneys agreed that the following written answer
would be sent to the jury: “Please review your instructions. Whatever verdict
you reach, it must be unanimous.” Id. When the parties reconvened to hear
the jury’s verdict, Essett was informed of the jury’s question and the court’s
response, and he raised no objection to the procedures followed. The jury then
pronounced its verdict, finding Essett guilty of attempted murder. Essett then
waived his right to a jury trial on the habitual offender allegation, and following
a bench trial thereon, was adjudicated as such. Essett was ultimately sentenced
to a term of forty years, with twenty-six years served in the Department of
Correction and the remaining fourteen years served on home detention. Essett
now appeals.
Discussion & Decision
[7] Essett argues the trial court’s response to the jury’s question constituted an
improper communication with the jury outside his presence. Although Essett’s
trial counsel agreed to the trial court’s response, Essett argues that the trial court
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 4 of 7 was required to obtain a personal waiver on the record of Essett’s right to be
present for such communications. Essett acknowledges that he did not object
on this basis below and that he must therefore establish fundamental error to
prevail on appeal. See Jewell v. State, 887 N.E.2d 939, 940 n.1 (Ind. 2008)
(explaining that “[t]he fundamental error doctrine is an exception to the general
rule that the failure to object at trial constitutes a procedural default precluding
consideration of an issue on appeal”). Our Supreme Court has described the
fundamental error standard as a “daunting” one, applicable only in the most
egregious circumstances. Knapp v. State, 9 N.E.3d 1274, 1281 (Ind. 2014). “To
qualify as fundamental error, ‘an error must be so prejudicial to the rights of the
defendant as to make a fair trial impossible’ and must ‘constitute a blatant
violation of basic principles, the harm or potential for harm must be substantial,
and the resulting error must deny the defendant fundamental due process.’”
Absher v. State, 866 N.E.2d 350, 355 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (quoting Benson v.
State, 762 N.E.2d 748, 755 (Ind. 2002)). The fundamental error exception is
extremely narrow and “reaches only errors that are so blatant that the trial
judge should have taken action sua sponte.” Id.
[8] Essett argues that he had a constitutional and common-law right to be present
when the trial court communicated with the jury by providing a written
response to its question. Essett argues further that his failure to respond
verbally to the trial court’s and defense counsel’s explanations of the procedure
that would be used if the jury had questions did not constitute a valid waiver of
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 5 of 7 those rights. But even if we accept Essett’s argument in this regard, we cannot
conclude that fundamental error occurred.
[9] Essett argues that the harm or potential for harm resulting from the trial court’s
communication with the jury outside his presence is that he was “unable to
offer any strategic guidance to his counsel in the decision about the response to
the jury’s question.” Appellant’s Brief at 17. Essett notes that the question of
whether to request instructions on lesser included offenses was an important
strategic decision in which he was personally involved, and he argues that his
input on the trial court’s response to the jury’s question relating to lesser-
included offenses was therefore critical. He argues further that had he been
present, he could have requested the trial court to reread all of the instructions
to avoid putting special emphasis on the importance of reaching a unanimous
verdict on the lead charge, or he could have asked the court to reread Final
Instruction 12, which instructed the jury members that they should try to agree
on a verdict and be open to re-examining their own views and changing their
minds, but that they should not give up their honest belief only because the
other jurors disagree or to end deliberations.
[10] Essett’s arguments that he could have asked the trial court to re-read some or all
of the final instructions are not particularly convincing in light of the fact that
the trial court specifically instructed the jury to review all of the final
instructions. Nor are we convinced that the trial court’s response was
fundamental error because it placed undue emphasis on the necessity of
reaching a unanimous verdict on the attempted murder charge. Essett makes
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 6 of 7 no argument that the response did not accurately restate the final instructions
the jury had already been given; indeed, Final Instruction 6 specifically
informed the jury that its verdict “must be unanimous.” Appellant’s Appendix
Vol. 2 at 101. Furthermore, the final instructions also directed the jury to
consider all of the instructions together and not to single out any instruction
and ignore the others. In sum, Essett has not established that the trial court’s
communication with the jury outside Essett’s presence, but with defense
counsel’s knowledge and consent, constituted a blatant violation of basic
principles making a fair trial impossible. See Godby v. State, 736 N.E.2d 252,
257-58(Ind. 2000) (finding no violation of the federal or state constitutional
right to be present at all critical stages of trial where a juror was privately
interviewed by the trial court and counsel outside the defendant’s presence and
when there was no express notation in the record that the defendant was
present when the trial court and the attorneys discussed and resolved how to
respond to the jury’s note advising that they were deadlocked).
[11] Judgment affirmed.
[12] Baker, J. and Bailey, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 49A02-1704-CR-795 | October 4, 2017 Page 7 of 7