Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
KURT A. YOUNG GREGORY F. ZOELLER Nashville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
CYNTHIA L. PLOUGHE Deputy Attorney General
FILED Indianapolis, Indiana
Dec 10 2012, 10:37 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
DARRELL WOODRUFF, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1203-CR-247 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Reuben B. Hill, Judge Cause No. 49F18-1112-FD-85047
December 10, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BROWN, Judge Darrell Woodruff appeals his convictions for criminal recklessness as a class D
felony1 and resisting law enforcement as a class A misdemeanor.2 Woodruff raises one
issue, which we restate as whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the
recording of a telephone call. We affirm.
On the evening of December 2, 2011, Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Officer
Andrew Tyler received a dispatch to an apartment in response to a 911 call reporting that
a person had been stabbed and that the suspect was on the scene. Officer Tyler arrived at
the apartment, and Duane Riding identified himself and showed the officer a small
puncture wound in the center of his chest. Riding pointed to Woodruff, who was walking
down a hallway away from Riding and Officer Tyler and indicated that Woodruff had cut
him. Officer Tyler drew his weapon and ordered Woodruff to stop, remove his hands
from his pockets, and place his hands against the wall. Woodruff initially complied, but
as Officer Tyler approached, Woodruff became aggravated and took his hands off of the
wall. Officer Tyler repeated the command for Woodruff to place his hands on the wall.
Woodruff dropped his hands to his side, began to approach Officer Tyler quickly and in
an aggressive manner, and told Officer Tyler to shoot him. Officer Tyler took a step back
and repeated his command to stop, but Woodruff continued to approach. When
Woodruff approached within five feet of Officer Tyler, the officer kicked Woodruff in
the abdomen, pulled him to the ground, and placed him in handcuffs. Officer Tyler then
1 Ind. Code § 35-42-2-2 (Supp. 2004). 2 Ind. Code § 35-44-3-3 (Supp. 2011) (now found at Ind. Code § 35-44.1-3-1) (subsequently amended by Pub. L. No. 126-2012, §§ 53, 54 (eff. Jul. 1, 2012)). 2 checked Woodruff for weapons and discovered a kitchen knife with a white handle in the
right pocket of Woodruff’s jeans, and noticed that Woodruff was intoxicated.
On December 6, 2011, the State charged Woodruff with criminal recklessness as a
class D felony and resisting law enforcement as a class A misdemeanor. At the bench
trial, the court admitted into evidence as State’s Exhibit VI, over Woodruff’s objection on
the basis that the State failed to lay a foundation, a recording of a telephone call which
had been placed from the Marion County Jail. The court found Woodruff guilty as
charged and sentenced him to 365 days for the class D felony and ninety days for the
class A misdemeanor and ordered the sentences to be served consecutively.
The issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the phone call
recording. The admission and exclusion of evidence is a matter within the sound
discretion of the trial court, and we will review only for an abuse of discretion. Wilson v.
State, 765 N.E.2d 1265, 1272 (Ind. 2002). An abuse of discretion occurs “where the
decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances.” Smith v.
State, 754 N.E.2d 502, 504 (Ind. 2001). “Errors in the admission or exclusion of
evidence are to be disregarded as harmless error unless they affect the substantial rights
of a party.” Fleener v. State, 656 N.E.2d 1140, 1141 (Ind. 1995) (citations omitted).
Woodruff contends that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the
recording because the recording was not properly authenticated, that the admission
cannot be harmless, and that this court should reverse the conviction and direct the entry
of a judgment of acquittal. He argues that the evidence shows that before making a
collect call an inmate was required to enter a PIN, that an inmate could figure out another
3 inmate’s PIN, and that the State failed to show that it was a reasonable probability that
the recording was a telephone call from Woodruff. Woodruff asserts that the caller’s
voice was not shown to be Woodruff’s voice, that it was not established that Woodruff’s
PIN had not been compromised, and that the State chose not to call as a witness the
person who had received the call from the jail in order to authenticate the recording.
The State maintains that the court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the
recording and that there was ample evidence to identify the caller as Woodruff. The State
points to the fact that the custodian of the call recordings testified that the inmate
information for State’s Exhibit VI was written on the disk. The State also argues that
Woodruff identified himself at the beginning of the call and provided information during
the conversation that revealed himself to be Woodruff, namely, stating the victim’s first
name two times, that he had been drinking that night, that he had a knife, that he had been
incarcerated since Friday, which was the date Woodruff had been arrested, that his bond
was in the amount of $30,000, and that he had been charged with criminal recklessness.
Ind. Evidence Rule 901(a) provides that “[t]he requirement of authentication or
identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient
to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims.” Absolute
proof of authenticity is not required. Fry v. State, 885 N.E.2d 742, 748 (Ind. Ct. App.
2008), trans. denied. When evidence establishes a reasonable probability that an item is
what it is claimed to be, the item is admissible. Thomas v. State, 734 N.E.2d 572, 573
(Ind. 2000). When a trial court has made a ruling concerning the sufficiency of the
foundation laid to justify the admission of evidence, we review that decision for an abuse
4 of discretion. Id. (citing State v. Walton, 715 N.E.2d 824, 828 (Ind. 1999)). Ind.
Evidence Rule 901(b) provides “[b]y way of illustration only, and not by way of
limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification conforming with
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
KURT A. YOUNG GREGORY F. ZOELLER Nashville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
CYNTHIA L. PLOUGHE Deputy Attorney General
FILED Indianapolis, Indiana
Dec 10 2012, 10:37 am IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA CLERK of the supreme court, court of appeals and tax court
DARRELL WOODRUFF, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 49A02-1203-CR-247 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE MARION SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Reuben B. Hill, Judge Cause No. 49F18-1112-FD-85047
December 10, 2012
MEMORANDUM DECISION - NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BROWN, Judge Darrell Woodruff appeals his convictions for criminal recklessness as a class D
felony1 and resisting law enforcement as a class A misdemeanor.2 Woodruff raises one
issue, which we restate as whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the
recording of a telephone call. We affirm.
On the evening of December 2, 2011, Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Officer
Andrew Tyler received a dispatch to an apartment in response to a 911 call reporting that
a person had been stabbed and that the suspect was on the scene. Officer Tyler arrived at
the apartment, and Duane Riding identified himself and showed the officer a small
puncture wound in the center of his chest. Riding pointed to Woodruff, who was walking
down a hallway away from Riding and Officer Tyler and indicated that Woodruff had cut
him. Officer Tyler drew his weapon and ordered Woodruff to stop, remove his hands
from his pockets, and place his hands against the wall. Woodruff initially complied, but
as Officer Tyler approached, Woodruff became aggravated and took his hands off of the
wall. Officer Tyler repeated the command for Woodruff to place his hands on the wall.
Woodruff dropped his hands to his side, began to approach Officer Tyler quickly and in
an aggressive manner, and told Officer Tyler to shoot him. Officer Tyler took a step back
and repeated his command to stop, but Woodruff continued to approach. When
Woodruff approached within five feet of Officer Tyler, the officer kicked Woodruff in
the abdomen, pulled him to the ground, and placed him in handcuffs. Officer Tyler then
1 Ind. Code § 35-42-2-2 (Supp. 2004). 2 Ind. Code § 35-44-3-3 (Supp. 2011) (now found at Ind. Code § 35-44.1-3-1) (subsequently amended by Pub. L. No. 126-2012, §§ 53, 54 (eff. Jul. 1, 2012)). 2 checked Woodruff for weapons and discovered a kitchen knife with a white handle in the
right pocket of Woodruff’s jeans, and noticed that Woodruff was intoxicated.
On December 6, 2011, the State charged Woodruff with criminal recklessness as a
class D felony and resisting law enforcement as a class A misdemeanor. At the bench
trial, the court admitted into evidence as State’s Exhibit VI, over Woodruff’s objection on
the basis that the State failed to lay a foundation, a recording of a telephone call which
had been placed from the Marion County Jail. The court found Woodruff guilty as
charged and sentenced him to 365 days for the class D felony and ninety days for the
class A misdemeanor and ordered the sentences to be served consecutively.
The issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the phone call
recording. The admission and exclusion of evidence is a matter within the sound
discretion of the trial court, and we will review only for an abuse of discretion. Wilson v.
State, 765 N.E.2d 1265, 1272 (Ind. 2002). An abuse of discretion occurs “where the
decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances.” Smith v.
State, 754 N.E.2d 502, 504 (Ind. 2001). “Errors in the admission or exclusion of
evidence are to be disregarded as harmless error unless they affect the substantial rights
of a party.” Fleener v. State, 656 N.E.2d 1140, 1141 (Ind. 1995) (citations omitted).
Woodruff contends that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the
recording because the recording was not properly authenticated, that the admission
cannot be harmless, and that this court should reverse the conviction and direct the entry
of a judgment of acquittal. He argues that the evidence shows that before making a
collect call an inmate was required to enter a PIN, that an inmate could figure out another
3 inmate’s PIN, and that the State failed to show that it was a reasonable probability that
the recording was a telephone call from Woodruff. Woodruff asserts that the caller’s
voice was not shown to be Woodruff’s voice, that it was not established that Woodruff’s
PIN had not been compromised, and that the State chose not to call as a witness the
person who had received the call from the jail in order to authenticate the recording.
The State maintains that the court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the
recording and that there was ample evidence to identify the caller as Woodruff. The State
points to the fact that the custodian of the call recordings testified that the inmate
information for State’s Exhibit VI was written on the disk. The State also argues that
Woodruff identified himself at the beginning of the call and provided information during
the conversation that revealed himself to be Woodruff, namely, stating the victim’s first
name two times, that he had been drinking that night, that he had a knife, that he had been
incarcerated since Friday, which was the date Woodruff had been arrested, that his bond
was in the amount of $30,000, and that he had been charged with criminal recklessness.
Ind. Evidence Rule 901(a) provides that “[t]he requirement of authentication or
identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient
to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims.” Absolute
proof of authenticity is not required. Fry v. State, 885 N.E.2d 742, 748 (Ind. Ct. App.
2008), trans. denied. When evidence establishes a reasonable probability that an item is
what it is claimed to be, the item is admissible. Thomas v. State, 734 N.E.2d 572, 573
(Ind. 2000). When a trial court has made a ruling concerning the sufficiency of the
foundation laid to justify the admission of evidence, we review that decision for an abuse
4 of discretion. Id. (citing State v. Walton, 715 N.E.2d 824, 828 (Ind. 1999)). Ind.
Evidence Rule 901(b) provides “[b]y way of illustration only, and not by way of
limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification conforming with
the requirements of this rule” and includes:
Telephone conversations. Telephone conversations, by evidence that a call was made to the number assigned at the time by the telephone company to a particular person or business, if (i) in the case of a person, circumstances, including self-identification, show the person answering to be the one called, or (ii) in the case of a business, the call was made to a place of business and the conversation related to business reasonably transacted over the telephone.
Ind. Evidence Rule 901(b)(6).
The record reveals that State’s Exhibit VI is labeled “Inmate: Darrell Woodruff”
and also includes the information “Date: 12/06/2011” and “Time: 10:17.” The State
called Lieutenant Bryce Wolf of the Marion County Sheriff’s Office as a witness, and
Lieutenant Wolf testified that he is the custodian and designated keeper of records for the
inmate telephone system, that State’s Exhibit VI is a compact disc on which an inmate
telephone call had been burned, that the handwriting on the disc was his handwriting, that
inmates are required to enter an eleven-digit PIN which is comprised of the person’s
booking number and month and day of birth, and that the PIN and booking numbers are
unique for each stay in the jail.
The recording of the jail phone call reveals that the caller placed a collect call,
identified himself in doing so as Darrell Woodruff, referred to the victim as Duane at
least two times, and indicated that Duane had stolen his leather coat. Further, the caller
stated that he had been drinking at the time of the altercation, that he had a knife, that he
5 thought he was being held for criminal recklessness, that he had been locked up since
Friday night, and that his bond had been set in the amount of $30,000. The caller also
stated that his court date was the following day in courtroom 18.
Officer Tyler testified that Duane Riding identified himself as the victim and that a
search using Riding’s name and date of birth indicated that Riding had a valid driver’s
license confirming his identity. Officer Tyler further testified that Woodruff was
intoxicated at the time he was taken into custody and that Officer Tyler had discovered a
small knife in Woodruff’s pocket. The record shows that Woodruff was arrested on
December 2, 2011, which was a Friday, and that the proceedings against Woodruff
occurred in Marion County Superior Court, Criminal Division, Room 18. Further, the
chronological case summary indicates that the trial court ordered that bond be set in the
amount of $30,000, that a hearing was held on the morning of December 7, 2011, and
Woodruff was charged with criminal recklessness as a class D felony.
Based upon the record, we conclude that the State established a reasonable
probability that the recording is what it is claimed to be, a recording of a phone call by
Woodruff, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the recording into
evidence. See Thomas, 734 N.E.2d at 574 (holding that the trial court did not err in
admitting a recording of a phone call into evidence and that the circumstantial evidence
was sufficient to authenticate the recording and noting in part that the caller identified
himself, gave a detailed statement concerning the events leading up to, during, and after a
shooting, and made reference to his involvement in the shooting).
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Woodruff’s convictions.
6 Affirmed.
BAILEY, J., and VAIDIK, J., concur.