COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Moon, Judges Baker and Coleman Argued at Richmond, Virginia
DANIEL CARSON WILLIAMS
v. Record No. 0701-95-2 MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY JUDGE JOSEPH E. BAKER COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA MAY 14, 1996
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF POWHATAN COUNTY Thomas V. Warren, Judge Andrea C. Long (David E. Boone; Boone, Beale, Carpenter & Cosby, on brief), for appellant.
Brian Wainger, Assistant Attorney General (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Daniel Carson Williams (appellant) appeals his bench trial
convictions of aggravated sexual battery of his granddaughter, a
female child less than thirteen years of age, in violation of
Code § 18.2-67.3, and for violation of Code § 18.2-370.1 by the
Circuit Court of Powhatan County (trial court). The sole issue
is whether the trial court erred in admitting evidence that
appellant had previously sexually abused his daughter (the
victim's mother).
Appellant was indicted by a Powhatan County grand jury on
six charges, two of them being that on or about July 22, 1994 he
committed aggravated sexual battery upon his granddaughter (WRN),
a female child of less than thirteen years of age, and that on
* Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not designated for publication. that same date he exposed his genital parts to WRN. The
remaining indictments charged appellant with having sexually
abused his daughter (Trecia), the victim's mother, and another
grandchild.
Appellant moved to sever the several charges for trial
purposes. The motion was granted and the two charges involving
WRN were scheduled for trial together, with the other charges to
be tried subsequently. At trial, WRN testified that during the late morning hours
of July 22, 1994, appellant, who she affectionately called "Pop
Pop," picked her up from her house and took her out for ice
cream. After she ate the ice cream, he took her back to his
house where he pulled down his pants, exposed his penis, and
rubbed it against her vagina. Appellant was drunk at the time.
Trecia testified that on the day of the offenses she left
WRN at home with her sixteen-year-old son. When she found out
that appellant had picked up WRN and that WRN was at appellant's
house, she panicked.
Appellant objected when Trecia was asked on direct
examination whether there was any particular reason why she would
not have asked appellant "to pick [WRN] up." Appellant argued
that the Commonwealth should not be permitted "to get into some
of the charges that were set for trial in January." 1 The trial
1 This reference was to the charges that had been severed by the trial judge for trial pursuant to appellant's motion.
- 2 - court overruled the objection holding that the answer "goes to
[Trecia's] state of mind."
Trecia subsequently testified that she knew appellant had
been drunk the night before. After Trecia's testimony about
appellant's drinking problem, the following dialogue occurred: COMMONWEALTH: Did you have any experience in the past that impacted on your wishes about [WRN] being alone with your father?
TRECIA: Yes, sir.
COMMONWEALTH: What was that? TRECIA: He had abused me, molested me as a child.
COMMONWEALTH: Approximately how old were you when he started to do that?
TRECIA: I can remember back as far as, I guess, seven or eight.
Appellant voiced no objection to these specific questions or
answers.
Trecia further testified that when she left work she headed
straight for her parents' house. Trecia was accompanied by a
fifteen-year-old female (Rebecca), a trainee at her job. Trecia
retrieved WRN. She testified that appellant was "stone drunk"
and "acting nasty," that he "put his hands across [her] breast,"
and attempted to slip his hand down Rebecca's dress. Trecia took
WRN home and temporarily left WRN at her home with Rebecca while
she took her son outside. She came back shortly thereafter and
found Rebecca crying and telling her that Trecia needed to talk
to WRN.
- 3 - After learning from WRN that appellant had sexually abused
her, Trecia examined WRN's vaginal area, discovered evidence of
the abuse, and reported the assault to the police. WRN was taken
to The Medical College of Virginia Hospital where she was
examined and treated by Dr. Dinea DeSouze (DeSouze).
DeSouze examined WRN and found that she suffered tremendous
physical trauma. DeSouze observed significant irregularities to
WRN's external genitalia. Her entire labia minora was bright
red, and there was an abrasion on the right side of the labia
majora. DeSouze noted that her vaginal tissue was very
"friable," that is, there was no active bleeding but if it were
touched with a Q-tip, it would start bleeding. DeSouze stated,
"there is no question" that the child was traumatized and because
of the nature and location of the injury, it was not
self-inflicted. Rebecca testified that two or three days prior to the
incident, appellant had asked her about her "pussy," and that at
a time prior to that he had shown her a pornographic picture of
two women and a man having sex.
Appellant told Detective Gregory Neal that Trecia had asked
him to pick up WRN and take care of her. Trecia denied that
claim and explained why she would not have made such a request.
At trial, appellant admitted that Trecia had never asked him to
pick up WRN.
Evidence presented on behalf of appellant obviously was
- 4 - rejected by the fact finder and need not be repeated here.
Citing Kirkpatrick v. Commonwealth, 211 Va. 269, 176 S.E.2d
802 (1970), appellant argues that Trecia's testimony concerning
her being sexually abused by appellant constituted evidence of
other crimes, requiring that his convictions be reversed. We
disagree.
"The admissibility of evidence is within the broad
discretion of the trial court, and a ruling will not be disturbed
on appeal in the absence of an abuse of discretion." Blain v.
Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 10, 16, 371 S.E.2d 838, 842 (1988). As
a general rule, other crimes evidence is inadmissible.
Kirkpatrick, 211 Va. at 272, 176 S.E.2d at 805. However, the
"general rule" must sometimes yield to society's interest in the
truth-finding process and numerous exceptions allow evidence of
prior misconduct whenever the legitimate probative value
outweighs the incidental prejudice to the accused. 2 Lewis v.
Commonwealth, 225 Va. 497, 303 S.E.2d 890 (1983); see also Wilkins v. Commonwealth, 18 Va. App. 293, 443 S.E.2d 440 (1994).
For this reason, rather than stating the rule as an exclusionary
rule with "numerous exceptions," it may be more helpful to phrase
it in terms of relevancy. Wilkins, 18 Va. App. at 297, 443
S.E.2d at 443 (citing Charles E. Friend, The Law of Evidence in
Virginia §§ 12-13 (4th ed. 1993).
2 See Sutphin v. Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 241, 337 S.E.2d 897 (1985)(listing eight exceptions).
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Chief Judge Moon, Judges Baker and Coleman Argued at Richmond, Virginia
DANIEL CARSON WILLIAMS
v. Record No. 0701-95-2 MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY JUDGE JOSEPH E. BAKER COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA MAY 14, 1996
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF POWHATAN COUNTY Thomas V. Warren, Judge Andrea C. Long (David E. Boone; Boone, Beale, Carpenter & Cosby, on brief), for appellant.
Brian Wainger, Assistant Attorney General (James S. Gilmore, III, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Daniel Carson Williams (appellant) appeals his bench trial
convictions of aggravated sexual battery of his granddaughter, a
female child less than thirteen years of age, in violation of
Code § 18.2-67.3, and for violation of Code § 18.2-370.1 by the
Circuit Court of Powhatan County (trial court). The sole issue
is whether the trial court erred in admitting evidence that
appellant had previously sexually abused his daughter (the
victim's mother).
Appellant was indicted by a Powhatan County grand jury on
six charges, two of them being that on or about July 22, 1994 he
committed aggravated sexual battery upon his granddaughter (WRN),
a female child of less than thirteen years of age, and that on
* Pursuant to Code § 17-116.010 this opinion is not designated for publication. that same date he exposed his genital parts to WRN. The
remaining indictments charged appellant with having sexually
abused his daughter (Trecia), the victim's mother, and another
grandchild.
Appellant moved to sever the several charges for trial
purposes. The motion was granted and the two charges involving
WRN were scheduled for trial together, with the other charges to
be tried subsequently. At trial, WRN testified that during the late morning hours
of July 22, 1994, appellant, who she affectionately called "Pop
Pop," picked her up from her house and took her out for ice
cream. After she ate the ice cream, he took her back to his
house where he pulled down his pants, exposed his penis, and
rubbed it against her vagina. Appellant was drunk at the time.
Trecia testified that on the day of the offenses she left
WRN at home with her sixteen-year-old son. When she found out
that appellant had picked up WRN and that WRN was at appellant's
house, she panicked.
Appellant objected when Trecia was asked on direct
examination whether there was any particular reason why she would
not have asked appellant "to pick [WRN] up." Appellant argued
that the Commonwealth should not be permitted "to get into some
of the charges that were set for trial in January." 1 The trial
1 This reference was to the charges that had been severed by the trial judge for trial pursuant to appellant's motion.
- 2 - court overruled the objection holding that the answer "goes to
[Trecia's] state of mind."
Trecia subsequently testified that she knew appellant had
been drunk the night before. After Trecia's testimony about
appellant's drinking problem, the following dialogue occurred: COMMONWEALTH: Did you have any experience in the past that impacted on your wishes about [WRN] being alone with your father?
TRECIA: Yes, sir.
COMMONWEALTH: What was that? TRECIA: He had abused me, molested me as a child.
COMMONWEALTH: Approximately how old were you when he started to do that?
TRECIA: I can remember back as far as, I guess, seven or eight.
Appellant voiced no objection to these specific questions or
answers.
Trecia further testified that when she left work she headed
straight for her parents' house. Trecia was accompanied by a
fifteen-year-old female (Rebecca), a trainee at her job. Trecia
retrieved WRN. She testified that appellant was "stone drunk"
and "acting nasty," that he "put his hands across [her] breast,"
and attempted to slip his hand down Rebecca's dress. Trecia took
WRN home and temporarily left WRN at her home with Rebecca while
she took her son outside. She came back shortly thereafter and
found Rebecca crying and telling her that Trecia needed to talk
to WRN.
- 3 - After learning from WRN that appellant had sexually abused
her, Trecia examined WRN's vaginal area, discovered evidence of
the abuse, and reported the assault to the police. WRN was taken
to The Medical College of Virginia Hospital where she was
examined and treated by Dr. Dinea DeSouze (DeSouze).
DeSouze examined WRN and found that she suffered tremendous
physical trauma. DeSouze observed significant irregularities to
WRN's external genitalia. Her entire labia minora was bright
red, and there was an abrasion on the right side of the labia
majora. DeSouze noted that her vaginal tissue was very
"friable," that is, there was no active bleeding but if it were
touched with a Q-tip, it would start bleeding. DeSouze stated,
"there is no question" that the child was traumatized and because
of the nature and location of the injury, it was not
self-inflicted. Rebecca testified that two or three days prior to the
incident, appellant had asked her about her "pussy," and that at
a time prior to that he had shown her a pornographic picture of
two women and a man having sex.
Appellant told Detective Gregory Neal that Trecia had asked
him to pick up WRN and take care of her. Trecia denied that
claim and explained why she would not have made such a request.
At trial, appellant admitted that Trecia had never asked him to
pick up WRN.
Evidence presented on behalf of appellant obviously was
- 4 - rejected by the fact finder and need not be repeated here.
Citing Kirkpatrick v. Commonwealth, 211 Va. 269, 176 S.E.2d
802 (1970), appellant argues that Trecia's testimony concerning
her being sexually abused by appellant constituted evidence of
other crimes, requiring that his convictions be reversed. We
disagree.
"The admissibility of evidence is within the broad
discretion of the trial court, and a ruling will not be disturbed
on appeal in the absence of an abuse of discretion." Blain v.
Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 10, 16, 371 S.E.2d 838, 842 (1988). As
a general rule, other crimes evidence is inadmissible.
Kirkpatrick, 211 Va. at 272, 176 S.E.2d at 805. However, the
"general rule" must sometimes yield to society's interest in the
truth-finding process and numerous exceptions allow evidence of
prior misconduct whenever the legitimate probative value
outweighs the incidental prejudice to the accused. 2 Lewis v.
Commonwealth, 225 Va. 497, 303 S.E.2d 890 (1983); see also Wilkins v. Commonwealth, 18 Va. App. 293, 443 S.E.2d 440 (1994).
For this reason, rather than stating the rule as an exclusionary
rule with "numerous exceptions," it may be more helpful to phrase
it in terms of relevancy. Wilkins, 18 Va. App. at 297, 443
S.E.2d at 443 (citing Charles E. Friend, The Law of Evidence in
Virginia §§ 12-13 (4th ed. 1993).
2 See Sutphin v. Commonwealth, 1 Va. App. 241, 337 S.E.2d 897 (1985)(listing eight exceptions).
- 5 - In the case before us, appellant had stated to the police
that Trecia had asked him to pick up WRN and to take her to
appellant's house. Whether that explanation was truthful was
material to appellant's credibility and his explanation of how
WRN happened to be in his custody. The issue of credibility was
particularly material after Trecia testified that upon learning
that appellant had taken WRN to his house without Trecia's
permission, Trecia "panicked." Thus, the objected to evidence
was relevant to show why she panicked and to prove that appellant
had not been truthful when he told the police that Trecia had
asked him to pick up WRN. The trial court limited the evidence
and did not allow any details of the prior sexual assaults.
Accordingly, we hold that the legitimate probative value
outweighs any incidental prejudice to appellant, particularly
where as here the trial judge in a bench trial is presumed to
disregard prejudicial or even inadmissible evidence. See Hall v.
Commonwealth, 14 Va. App. 892, 421 S.E.2d 455 (1992).
Finally, appellant argues that in finding him guilty and
imposing sentence, the trial judge erroneously considered
Trecia's testimony of appellant's prior abuse. The record
indicates otherwise.
For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
Affirmed.
- 6 -