Dana Container, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedFebruary 1, 2017
Docket16-1087
StatusPublished

This text of Dana Container, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor (Dana Container, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Dana Container, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor, (7th Cir. 2017).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 16‐1087 DANA CONTAINER, INC., Petitioner,

v.

SECRETARY OF LABOR, Respondent. ____________________

On Petition for Review of Decision and Order of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission OSHRC No. 09‐1184 ____________________

ARGUED SEPTEMBER 12, 2016 — DECIDED FEBRUARY 1, 2017 ____________________

Before WOOD, Chief Judge, and EASTERBROOK and SYKES, Circuit Judges. WOOD, Chief Judge. It is not hard to find people who com‐ plain about government regulations, but the regulations often exist because people do not take optimal precautions on a vol‐ untary basis. This case illustrates that problem. It arose after toxic fumes in a large container knocked out a man who was working inside it. Fortunately, he was rescued by the local fire 2 No. 16‐1087

department, but his employer, Dana Container, wound up fighting citations from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). After an administrative law judge (ALJ) and the Occupational Safety and Health Review Com‐ mission upheld OSHA’s actions, Dana turned to this Court. Because Dana has not provided a compelling reason to over‐ turn the Commission’s determinations, we deny its petition for review. I Dana operates a truck‐tank washing facility near the Ste‐ venson Expressway in Summit, Illinois. The tanks cleaned at Dana’s facility are long metallic cylinders used to transport products such as ink and latex. After the tanks are emptied at their destination, truckers bring them to Dana’s facility for a cleaning so that they can haul different products without adulteration. Before washing a tank, employees drain any re‐ sidual product from it. They then insert a mechanical spinner that rotates scrubbers from one end of the tank to the other, simultaneously dousing it with soap or solvents (or both). They then give the tank a final rinse of water and blow it dry. Most of the time, this process suffices to clean the tank thor‐ oughly. When it does not, however, employees enter the tank and manually clean out the remaining sludge or residue. Be‐ cause the tank space is confined and may contain chemicals that are hazardous to health, OSHA has promulgated regula‐ tions that require companies to enforce certain safety precau‐ tions when their employees enter these “permit‐required con‐ fined spaces (PRCSs).” 29 C.F.R. § 1910.146. At Dana’s facility in Summit, employees enter tanks to clean them approximately ten times per month. Before doing No. 16‐1087 3

so, the employee must obtain an entry permit from a supervi‐ sor; the permit contains a checklist of required safety precau‐ tions. The employee then climbs onto a catwalk above the tank and hooks a full‐body harness he is wearing to a mechan‐ ical retrieval device that can pull him out of the tank if he be‐ comes incapacitated for any reason. He must also test the tank air for atmospheric hazards before going in. When he enters the tank, he is required to wear a respirator and to conduct continuous atmospheric testing. While an employee is in the tank, automatic blowers force fresh air into it. A fellow em‐ ployee is required to be on standby outside the tank in order to assist in case of an emergency. OSHA regulations and Dana’s safety rules prohibit employees from entering a “dirty” tank before it has been mechanically cleaned. In the cold early morning hours of January 28, 2009, one of Dana’s supervisors, Bobby Fox, was on the third shift along with former employee Cesar Jaimes. Fox was working on a trailer and encountered a problem with a clogged valve just as he was about to begin the mechanical cleaning process. Dis‐ regarding the safety rules, he entered the tank prior to clean‐ ing it, without attaching himself to the retrieval device or fol‐ lowing the entry permit procedures. After a short while, Jaimes looked inside, saw Fox unconscious in a pool of chem‐ ical sludge, and called the Summit Fire Department. The fire‐ fighters hoisted him out, rinsed off the chemical residue, and transported him to the hospital. Fox was diagnosed with “Syncope and Collapse, Toxic Effect of Unspecified Gas, Fume, or Vapor” (i.e., fainting). A local TV news crew broadcast the rescue that morning, and OSHA inspector Jami Bachus happened to see it before heading to work. She volunteered to inspect Dana’s facility 4 No. 16‐1087

and did so, arriving at the Summit station within three hours of the accident. After her inspection, Bachus issued two cita‐ tions to Dana for serious and willful violations of the Occupa‐ tional Safety and Health Act. Most of the items listed in the citations were for violations of the PRCS standards found at 29 C.F.R. § 1910.146. Dana contested the citations, and the Sec‐ retary of Labor and Dana settled some of the items. The rest were the subject of a hearing before an ALJ. The ALJ vacated a number of the citation items, for the most part because she found that Dana qualified for the less stringent “alternate en‐ try procedures” described in § 1910.146(c)(5). She also upheld the findings of several of the specific violations. Both parties appealed the ALJ’s decision to the Commission. This did not go well for Dana; the Commission decided, contrary to the ALJ, that Dana was not eligible for the alternate entry proce‐ dures, and so it reinstated those items in the citation. It af‐ firmed the rest of the ALJ’s findings. Dana has filed a petition for review in this court. II Dana attacks the Commission’s decision in several ways. First, it asserts that it lacked the requisite knowledge to sup‐ port the order and that it should be exonerated because the incident resulted from “unpreventable employee miscon‐ duct.” It next argues that the Secretary did not prove the “willful” element of some of the items. Last, it contends that the Commission should have found that it satisfied the stand‐ ard for alternate entry procedures. We review the Commission’s conclusions in enforcement actions under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 701 et seq. We defer to the Commission’s interpretations of No. 16‐1087 5

law unless they are “arbitrary or capricious” or contrary to law. 5 U.S.C. § 706; Chao v. Gunite Corp., 442 F.3d 550, 556 (7th Cir. 2006). We uphold an agency’s determination “as long as [the agency] considered relevant data under the correct legal standards and offered a satisfactory explanation for its ac‐ tion.” Wisconsin v. E.P.A., 266 F.3d 741, 746 (7th Cir. 2001). An explanation is satisfactory if there is a rational connection be‐ tween the facts the agency found and the decision it made. Howard Young Med. Ctr. Inc. v. Shalala, 207 F.3d 437, 441 (7th Cir. 2000). Where, as here, the Commission reverses an ALJ, we con‐ fine our review to the Commission’s order. Chao, 442 F.3d at 556. We must uphold the Commission’s factual findings if they are supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. 29 U.S.C. § 660(a); Stark Excavating, Inc. v.

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