[Cite as Credit Adjustments, Inc. v. Barlage, 2016-Ohio-8377.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Credit Adjustments, Inc. Court of Appeals No. L-16-1016
Appellee Trial Court No. CI0201401851
v.
Eric Barlage DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: December 23, 2016
*****
George D. Jonson and Brian M. Spiess, for appellee.
Gregory S. Reichenbach and Matthew B. Bryant, for appellant.
BLACKMON, J.
{¶ 1} Eric Barlage (“Barlage”) appeals from the trial court’s dismissal of his
counterclaim against Credit Adjustments, Inc. (“CAI”) and assigns the following error for
our review:
I. The trial court erred by granting Plaintiff-Appellee’s motion to
dismiss Defendant-Appellant’s Amended Counterclaim under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and the Ohio Consumer Sales Practices Act, and
by dismissing it with prejudice.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm. The trial court was
correct in determining that, because Barlage’s debts were discharged in bankruptcy, there
was nothing left for the court to decide. Additionally, we find that Barlage has no
standing to bring the counterclaim. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} On March 20, 2014, CAI brought a debt collection action against Barlage in
the amount of $61,590.76 for unpaid health care services. CAI attached documents to the
complaint which allegedly showed that St. Luke’s Hospital and Toledo Hospital had
assigned various past-due accounts and debt to CAI. On June 20, 2014, Barlage filed a
counterclaim against CAI alleging violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(“FDCPA”). On June 25, 2014, Barlage filed a notice of bankruptcy stay, and on
October 8, 2014, Barlage’s debts—including the $61,590.76 debt to CAI—were
discharged in bankruptcy under 11 U.S.C. 727.
{¶4} In April 2015, Barlage filed a motion to reactivate the case and a “motion for
leave to plead amended class action counterclaim” instanter regarding FDCPA and Ohio
Consumer Sales Practices Act (“CSPA”) violations. The court placed this case back on
the active docket and granted Barlage’s motion to amend his counterclaim.
{¶5} In Barlage’s class action counterclaim, he alleged that the assignments from
St. Luke’s Hospital and Toledo Hospital to CAI are defective because: 1.) they do not
2. identify a particular debt; and 2.) the accounts were not cancelled with the original
creditors. Barlage further alleged that these defects violate the FDCPA and CSPA.
{¶6} On June 2, 2015, CAI filed a motion to dismiss Barlage’s class action
counterclaim for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to
Civ.R. 12(B)(6). On July 15, 2015, the court granted CAI’s motion and dismissed
Barlage’s class action counterclaim with prejudice. It is from this order that Barlage
appeals.1
Standard of Review—Failure to State a Claim
{¶7} “Our standard of review on a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss is de novo.
A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted is
procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. * * * [W]e must accept all factual
allegations of the complaint as true and all reasonable inferences must be drawn in favor
of the nonmoving party.” (Citations omitted.) NorthPoint Props v. Petticord, 179 Ohio
App.3d 342, 2008-Ohio-5996, 901 N.E.2d 869, ¶ 11.
Standing to Challenge Assignment of Debt
{¶8} CAI argues that Barlage is not a party to the debt assignments from the
hospitals to CAI; therefore, he has no standing to challenge the validity of the
assignments. To support this argument, CAI cites to various cases that hold that obligors
1 CAI’s debt collection action against Barlage was eventually dismissed for failure to prosecute, leaving Barlage’s counterclaim as the only remaining cause of action. Thus, the dismissal of Barlage’s class action counterclaim is a final appealable order.
3. lack standing to challenge assignments in mortgage cases. See, e.g., Bank of N.Y. Mellon
Trust Co., N.A. v. Unger, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97315, 2012-Ohio-1950, ¶ 35 (“The
Unger’s default exposed them to foreclosure regardless of the party who actually
proceeds with foreclosure. * * * [T]he Ungers lacked standing to challenge the mortgage
assignments.”)
{¶9} Barlage, on the other hand, argues that because his case is premised on the
assignment of a personal debt pursuant to R.C. 1319.12—rather than foreclosure of a
mortgage—he has standing to challenge the assignment. To support his argument,
Barlage cites various cases that involve debt assignments under R.C. 1319.12. However,
our review of Barlage’s authority shows that standing was not at issue in any of the cases
cited. See, e.g., Recovery Mgmt. Sys. v. Coburn, 5th Dist. Richland No. 2008CA0007,
2008-Ohio-5713 (finding genuine issues of material fact regarding the assignment of an
automobile loan when the assignment was a part of the original contract signed by the
debtor.)
{¶10} In Unger, this court found that “[t]he mortgage assignments did not alter the
Ungers’ obligations under the note or mortgage. * * * The Ungers, therefore, failed to
show they suffered or will suffer any injury, the injury is traceable to the mortgage
assignments, and it is likely a favorable decision will remedy the injury.” Unger at ¶ 35.
{¶11} “To succeed in establishing standing, plaintiffs must show that they suffered
(1) an injury that is (2) fairly traceable to the defendant’s allegedly unlawful conduct, and
4. (3) likely to be redressed by the requested relief.” Moore v. City of Middletown, 133
Ohio St.3d 55, 2012-Ohio-3897, 975 N.E.2d 977, ¶ 22.
{¶12} The case at hand is similar to Unger, with two notable exceptions. First,
Barlage’s debt concerned hospital bills and the Ungers’ debt concerned a mortgage on
real property. We find this to be a distinction without a difference. Barlage cites no legal
authority to stand for the proposition that a debtor has standing to challenge an
assignment, to which he or she is not a party, under R.C. 1319.12. In essence, Barlage
argues that he has standing to challenge the debt assignments because they are defective
under the statute. We disagree, because this argument is based on faulty reasoning.
When a party lacks standing to bring a claim, it is error for a court to decide the
underlying legal issue. State ex rel. Wood v. McClelland, 140 Ohio St.3d 331, 2014-
Ohio-3969, 18 N.E.3d 423.
{¶13} The second distinction between Unger and the case at hand is that Barlage’s
debts were discharged in bankruptcy. This adds weight to the notion that he did not
suffer an injury traceable to the alleged deficiencies in the assignments of these debts.
Barlage’s argument that his bankruptcy discharge should not estop the counterclaim at
issue is as follows: “In each of the 14 instances that [CAI] was listed on Schedule F [of
Barlage’s bankruptcy petition], it was described as a ‘collection attorney’ for either St.
Luke’s Hospital or Toledo Hospital, and the account was marked with an ‘X’ to indicate
that the claim was ‘disputed.’” Barlage further argues that “it is undisputed that [he]
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[Cite as Credit Adjustments, Inc. v. Barlage, 2016-Ohio-8377.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Credit Adjustments, Inc. Court of Appeals No. L-16-1016
Appellee Trial Court No. CI0201401851
v.
Eric Barlage DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: December 23, 2016
*****
George D. Jonson and Brian M. Spiess, for appellee.
Gregory S. Reichenbach and Matthew B. Bryant, for appellant.
BLACKMON, J.
{¶ 1} Eric Barlage (“Barlage”) appeals from the trial court’s dismissal of his
counterclaim against Credit Adjustments, Inc. (“CAI”) and assigns the following error for
our review:
I. The trial court erred by granting Plaintiff-Appellee’s motion to
dismiss Defendant-Appellant’s Amended Counterclaim under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and the Ohio Consumer Sales Practices Act, and
by dismissing it with prejudice.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm. The trial court was
correct in determining that, because Barlage’s debts were discharged in bankruptcy, there
was nothing left for the court to decide. Additionally, we find that Barlage has no
standing to bring the counterclaim. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} On March 20, 2014, CAI brought a debt collection action against Barlage in
the amount of $61,590.76 for unpaid health care services. CAI attached documents to the
complaint which allegedly showed that St. Luke’s Hospital and Toledo Hospital had
assigned various past-due accounts and debt to CAI. On June 20, 2014, Barlage filed a
counterclaim against CAI alleging violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(“FDCPA”). On June 25, 2014, Barlage filed a notice of bankruptcy stay, and on
October 8, 2014, Barlage’s debts—including the $61,590.76 debt to CAI—were
discharged in bankruptcy under 11 U.S.C. 727.
{¶4} In April 2015, Barlage filed a motion to reactivate the case and a “motion for
leave to plead amended class action counterclaim” instanter regarding FDCPA and Ohio
Consumer Sales Practices Act (“CSPA”) violations. The court placed this case back on
the active docket and granted Barlage’s motion to amend his counterclaim.
{¶5} In Barlage’s class action counterclaim, he alleged that the assignments from
St. Luke’s Hospital and Toledo Hospital to CAI are defective because: 1.) they do not
2. identify a particular debt; and 2.) the accounts were not cancelled with the original
creditors. Barlage further alleged that these defects violate the FDCPA and CSPA.
{¶6} On June 2, 2015, CAI filed a motion to dismiss Barlage’s class action
counterclaim for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to
Civ.R. 12(B)(6). On July 15, 2015, the court granted CAI’s motion and dismissed
Barlage’s class action counterclaim with prejudice. It is from this order that Barlage
appeals.1
Standard of Review—Failure to State a Claim
{¶7} “Our standard of review on a Civ.R. 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss is de novo.
A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted is
procedural and tests the sufficiency of the complaint. * * * [W]e must accept all factual
allegations of the complaint as true and all reasonable inferences must be drawn in favor
of the nonmoving party.” (Citations omitted.) NorthPoint Props v. Petticord, 179 Ohio
App.3d 342, 2008-Ohio-5996, 901 N.E.2d 869, ¶ 11.
Standing to Challenge Assignment of Debt
{¶8} CAI argues that Barlage is not a party to the debt assignments from the
hospitals to CAI; therefore, he has no standing to challenge the validity of the
assignments. To support this argument, CAI cites to various cases that hold that obligors
1 CAI’s debt collection action against Barlage was eventually dismissed for failure to prosecute, leaving Barlage’s counterclaim as the only remaining cause of action. Thus, the dismissal of Barlage’s class action counterclaim is a final appealable order.
3. lack standing to challenge assignments in mortgage cases. See, e.g., Bank of N.Y. Mellon
Trust Co., N.A. v. Unger, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97315, 2012-Ohio-1950, ¶ 35 (“The
Unger’s default exposed them to foreclosure regardless of the party who actually
proceeds with foreclosure. * * * [T]he Ungers lacked standing to challenge the mortgage
assignments.”)
{¶9} Barlage, on the other hand, argues that because his case is premised on the
assignment of a personal debt pursuant to R.C. 1319.12—rather than foreclosure of a
mortgage—he has standing to challenge the assignment. To support his argument,
Barlage cites various cases that involve debt assignments under R.C. 1319.12. However,
our review of Barlage’s authority shows that standing was not at issue in any of the cases
cited. See, e.g., Recovery Mgmt. Sys. v. Coburn, 5th Dist. Richland No. 2008CA0007,
2008-Ohio-5713 (finding genuine issues of material fact regarding the assignment of an
automobile loan when the assignment was a part of the original contract signed by the
debtor.)
{¶10} In Unger, this court found that “[t]he mortgage assignments did not alter the
Ungers’ obligations under the note or mortgage. * * * The Ungers, therefore, failed to
show they suffered or will suffer any injury, the injury is traceable to the mortgage
assignments, and it is likely a favorable decision will remedy the injury.” Unger at ¶ 35.
{¶11} “To succeed in establishing standing, plaintiffs must show that they suffered
(1) an injury that is (2) fairly traceable to the defendant’s allegedly unlawful conduct, and
4. (3) likely to be redressed by the requested relief.” Moore v. City of Middletown, 133
Ohio St.3d 55, 2012-Ohio-3897, 975 N.E.2d 977, ¶ 22.
{¶12} The case at hand is similar to Unger, with two notable exceptions. First,
Barlage’s debt concerned hospital bills and the Ungers’ debt concerned a mortgage on
real property. We find this to be a distinction without a difference. Barlage cites no legal
authority to stand for the proposition that a debtor has standing to challenge an
assignment, to which he or she is not a party, under R.C. 1319.12. In essence, Barlage
argues that he has standing to challenge the debt assignments because they are defective
under the statute. We disagree, because this argument is based on faulty reasoning.
When a party lacks standing to bring a claim, it is error for a court to decide the
underlying legal issue. State ex rel. Wood v. McClelland, 140 Ohio St.3d 331, 2014-
Ohio-3969, 18 N.E.3d 423.
{¶13} The second distinction between Unger and the case at hand is that Barlage’s
debts were discharged in bankruptcy. This adds weight to the notion that he did not
suffer an injury traceable to the alleged deficiencies in the assignments of these debts.
Barlage’s argument that his bankruptcy discharge should not estop the counterclaim at
issue is as follows: “In each of the 14 instances that [CAI] was listed on Schedule F [of
Barlage’s bankruptcy petition], it was described as a ‘collection attorney’ for either St.
Luke’s Hospital or Toledo Hospital, and the account was marked with an ‘X’ to indicate
that the claim was ‘disputed.’” Barlage further argues that “it is undisputed that [he]
listed [CAI] as a ‘collection attorney,’ not a ‘creditor’ * * *.”
5. {¶14} Barlage’s argument concerning Schedule F is misleading. Under the
column “Creditor’s Name,” CAI is listed 14 times. Under the column “Date claim was
incurred and consideration for claim. If claim is subject to setoff, so state,” Barlage listed
the date “12/01/13” for all 14 of the CAI debts. Also in this column, Barlage listed the
phrase “Collection Attorney” for the CAI debts, as well as the debts of all other creditors
except the U.S. Department of Education regarding student loans. The phrase
“Collection Attorney” is unresponsive to the column’s heading, as it has nothing to do
with a date, consideration, or setoff. Furthermore, although the “Disputed” column is
checked for the CAI debts, it is undisputed that the CAI debts were discharged in
bankruptcy.
{¶15} Additionally, even if we were to assume that Barlage has standing, the
doctrine of judicial estoppel prevents him from asserting that the assignments to CAI
were deficient concerning the debts at issue in this case. Judicial estoppel prohibits a
party “‘from taking a position inconsistent with one successfully and unequivocally
asserted by the same party in a prior proceeding.’” Greer-Burger v. Temesi, 116 Ohio
St.3d 324, 2007-Ohio-6442, 879 N.E.2d 174, ¶ 25 (quoting Griffith v. Wal-Mart Stores,
Inc., 135 F.3d 376, 380 (C.A.6, 1998). “Courts have applied this doctrine when
inconsistent claims were made in bankruptcy proceedings that predated a civil action.”
Id.
{¶16} Upon review, we find that, because Barlage was not a party to the
assignment, he lacks standing to challenge the assignment under the FDCPA or CSPA.
6. Lack of standing is properly addressed in a Civ.R. 12 motion to dismiss. A-1 Nursing
Care of Cleveland, Inc., v. Florence Nightingale Nursing, Inc., 97 Ohio App.3d 623, 626-
627, 647 N.E.2d 222 (1994). Additionally, as the trial court pointed out, Barlage could
have raised the “improper assignment” argument as an affirmative defense to CAI’s
original debt collection claim; however, once the debt was discharged in bankruptcy and
CAI dismissed its complaint, there was nothing left for the court to decide. Accordingly,
the court did not err by dismissing Barlage’s counterclaim.
{¶17} Barlage’s sole assigned error is overruled.
{¶ 18} The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. It
is ordered that appellant pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Credit Adjustments, Inc. v. Barlage C.A. No. L-16-1016
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE*
KATHLEEN A. KEOUGH, P.J.,* and ANITA LASTER MAYS, J.,* CONCUR
(*SITTING BY ASSIGNMENT: JUDGES OF THE EIGHTH DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS)
7.