County of Henrico v. Management Recruiters of Richmond, Inc.

277 S.E.2d 163, 221 Va. 1004, 1981 Va. LEXIS 241
CourtSupreme Court of Virginia
DecidedApril 24, 1981
DocketRecord No. 790211
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 277 S.E.2d 163 (County of Henrico v. Management Recruiters of Richmond, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Virginia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
County of Henrico v. Management Recruiters of Richmond, Inc., 277 S.E.2d 163, 221 Va. 1004, 1981 Va. LEXIS 241 (Va. 1981).

Opinion

HARRISON, J.,

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This appeal by the County of Henrico involves the interpretation of a county ordinance under which business license taxes were imposed upon Management Recruiters of Richmond, Inc., and Dunhill of Greater Richmond, Inc. Henrico County Code § 8-50 read, in pertinent part, as follows:

Every person engaged in one or more of the following businesses or professions . . . shall pay a license tax ... as follows:

[1006]*1006The business or profession of:

... a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, labor or employment. .. .

Pursuant to Virginia Code § 58-1145, Management and Dunhill each filed a petition for relief from allegedly erroneous assessments, seeking refunds of taxes paid to the county for the years 1974 through 1978. The taxpayers alleged that the phrase “a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, labor or employment” in County Code § 8-50 did not describe their business activities and that their business activities were not otherwise described in the County Code for purposes of imposing business license taxes. The cases were consolidated, and the court below held that the portion of the ordinance identifying and describing the business or profession of a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, labor or employment “is ambiguous, not clear and positive in it's terms, and reasonably open to different interpretations, in its descriptive application to the businesses of the petitioners....” Accordingly, the court granted the relief requested and directed Henrico to refund to Management the license taxes paid by it for the years 1974 through 1978, inclusive, and to Dunhill the license taxes paid by it for the years 1975 through 1978, inclusive. Thereupon Henrico noted this appeal.

Management and Dunhill are employment agencies which do business in Henrico. An employment agency is defined in Virginia Code § 54-872.16(4) as follows:

“Employment agency” means any person who shall advertise through any means for the purpose of assigning or directing a person to some other employer to work and charges any fee or commission for such service; provided that this chapter shall not apply to (a) persons engaged exclusively in the business of providing part-time or temporary personnel or business services to or for others and under their direction so long as the individuals provided to perform such services remain for all purposes the employee of such persons, and (b) migratory farm labor where otherwise provided by law.

During the years 1974 through 1978, Henrico imposed business license taxes on the two private employment agencies pursuant to County Code § 8-50 and Virginia Code § 58-266.1. The parties agree that the agencies involved here render a service both to employers and to individuals seeking employment. A majority of potential employers utilizing the services of the two agencies seek job applicants [1007]*1007for managerial positions in the sales, administrative, technical, and financial fields; a majority of the job applicants utilizing the services of the agencies are seeking positions of employment in these fields.

Management and Dunhill charge a contingent fee for their services, payable either by the employer or by the job applicant, but not by both. The fee is payable only in the event the agency is the procuring cause of an employer-employee relationship between the employer and the job applicant. In excess of 90% of the annual gross revenues of both Management and Dunhill were derived from what these agencies called “employer paid fees,” i.e., contractual arrangements whereby the employer, as opposed to the job applicant, agrees to pay and then pays the appropriate fee.

No job applicant was obligated to accept a position of employment with any potential employer to which he or she was referred by the agencies. The decision of the job applicant to accept or reject employment was one made solely by the job applicant. No potential employer was under any obligation to offer employment to any individual referred to it by the agencies. The agencies do not provide the type service whereby they direct a person, either in their employ or by virtue of any agreement with such person, to provide either temporary or permanent service of any kind to a third person.

It was testified that Henrico County had imposed a business license tax upon the gross annual receipts of Management and Dunhill from the time they commenced transacting business there. This tax was imposed pursuant to County Code § 8-50 upon the theory that the two employment agencies were engaged in the business of a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, labor, or employment. The evidence shows that there are other, somewhat similar businesses which operate in Henrico and which are also taxed for business license purposes under County Code § 8-50. However, these businesses provide part-time or temporary domestic help, labor, employment, or personnel to and for others through their own employees.

Milton B. Carroll has been Supervisor of Licenses for Henrico since 1956, and his duties include the interpretation of those provisions of the County Code which relate to license taxes. Carroll testified that during his employment by the County, he has consistently interpreted County Code § 8-50 to describe and include employment agencies such as Management and Dunhill. He stated that no employment agency, other than the two involved here, has ever challenged the appropriateness of its classification under County Code § 8-50. Carroll said that the adjoining political subdivisions of Richmond and Chester[1008]*1008field County, as well as the City of Waynesboro and Arlington County, impose license taxes upon employment agencies in their respective jurisdictions pursuant to provisions in their local codes which are identical to Henrico’s Code § 8-50.

Edward J. Becker, President of Management, admitted that his company was taxed by the City of Richmond as a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, labor, or employment during the years 1968 to 1972 when it operated and did business in the City. He also testified that approximately 20% of his agency’s business consisted of referrals that involved clerical employment. He said Management did not refer applicants to employers who were seeking domestics or a “blue collar type worker or manual labor.”

The County concedes that County Code § 8-50 is not a model of perfection but argues that no substantial doubt of its applicability to the agencies here was demonstrated by Management and Dunhill. In essence it contends that the provisions in the ordinance, which taxes not only a furnisher of domestic or clerical help, but also a furnisher of labor and a furnisher of employment, reflect the locality’s express intent to include employment agencies such as these within the ordinance’s purview.

The taxpayers argue that the issue in the case is a narrow one.

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Bluebook (online)
277 S.E.2d 163, 221 Va. 1004, 1981 Va. LEXIS 241, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/county-of-henrico-v-management-recruiters-of-richmond-inc-va-1981.