Consolidated American Life Ins. Co. v. Covington

297 So. 2d 894, 1974 Miss. LEXIS 1545
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedJuly 29, 1974
Docket47599
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 297 So. 2d 894 (Consolidated American Life Ins. Co. v. Covington) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Consolidated American Life Ins. Co. v. Covington, 297 So. 2d 894, 1974 Miss. LEXIS 1545 (Mich. 1974).

Opinion

297 So.2d 894 (1974)

CONSOLIDATED AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
v.
John V. COVINGTON et ux.

No. 47599.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

July 29, 1974.

*895 Heidelberg, Woodliff & Franks, Sam E. Scott, Timothy R. Smith, Jackson, for appellant.

Edward L. Cates, Jackson, for appellees.

RODGERS, Presiding Justice.

This is a controversy growing out of an alleged breach of a contract for which the appellees sought and obtained a judgment in the Circuit Court of Hinds County, Mississippi, against the appellant for ensuing damages. The dispute arose under the following circumstances. Mr. John V. Covington and his wife, Mary Jo Covington [hereinafter called Covingtons] were desirous of obtaining a loan. They made application to the Consolidated American Life Insurance Company, a Mississippi insurance company [hereinafter called Insurance Company], for a loan of one hundred fifteen thousand dollars ($115,000.00) to be repaid over a period of twenty (20) years. The Insurance Company agreed to make the loan, and pursuant thereto issued its commitment to make the loan for a period of twenty (20) years at seven and one-fourth percent (7 1/4%) and to take a mortgage upon certain property located on Highway 80 West. The Jefferson Standard Life Insurance Company held a first mortgage on the property for seventy-six thousand three hundred twelve dollars and sixty-eight cents ($76,312.68). A copy of the commitment is hereto attached. It was duly accepted by Mr. and Mrs. Covington on November 1, 1968, with the understanding that the matter would be closed on November 10, 1969, about one (1) year later. Mr. and Mrs. Covington were to sign the note and Mrs. Covington's stepfather, Mr. H.L. Pickering, was to endorse the note. The note had several essential requirements necessary to be performed before the loan could be closed. The note required that the Covingtons obtain and submit an engineer's survey and certificate acceptable to the Insurance Company. They were required to obtain and submit a title insurance policy in the full amount of the loan in a company acceptable to the Insurance Company. They were required to submit a premium paid fire and extended coverage insurance policy for the full amount of the loan. They were required to sign the note and deed of trust made on company forms, and to sign an assignment of rents on a company form. They were required to obtain the endorsement of the note by H.L. Pickering. The closing of the loan was to be accomplished by and approved by the attorneys of the Insurance Company. It was also understood that a life insurance policy would be written on the life of Mr. Covington by the Consolidated American Life Insurance Company in the adjusted sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000.00).

It was admitted throughout the trial and is admitted on appeal that the loan commitment was made as shown by the commitment contract. The Insurance Company contends, however, that it is not at fault and is not liable to Mr. and Mrs. Covington because they did not meet the requirements necessary to close the loan. They point out here that the testimony offered before the trial court shows that the vice president of appellant Insurance Company, Mr. R.C. Stockett, wrote a letter dated December 2, 1969, extending the loan closing time from November 10, 1969, to December 1, 1970. which was said to be against the wishes of the Covingtons. The Insurance Company contends that the Covingtons did not offer to perform any of *896 the "conditions" listed in the commitment. Moreover, it is said that Mr. H.L. Pickering died in February, 1970, and, therefore, it was impossible for the Covingtons to meet the requirements that he sign the note.

The Covingtons answered the contention of the Insurance Company by offering testimony to show that they met some of the conditions and were in the process of meeting all of the requirements, including the signing of the note by Mr. H.L. Pickering, but that various necessary note, trust deed, and rent assignment forms were not presented to the Covingtons so that they could sign them. Moreover, the Covingtons offered testimony to show that the Insurance Company advised the Covingtons that it could not carry out its commitment because it did not have the necessary funds, and that appellees did not agree to an extension of the commitment. This testimony was controverted by the Insurance Company, and it continued to insist that the reason the loan was not made was because the "conditions precedent" were not met by the Covingtons. The Insurance Company offered evidence to show that it had sufficient available funds to make the loan and had available sources from which it could borrow additional funds.

Without making a study to determine whether or not the requirements set out in the loan commitment contract were in fact "conditions precedent" or simply a part of the contract, we move directly to the heart of the issue, that is to say, was the Insurance Company unable to carry out its contract because the Covingtons failed to meet the requirements of the contract, or did it refuse to carry out its contract because it did not have the necessary funds at the time or for reasons of its own. If the Insurance Company refused to make the loan in compliance with its contract for reasons of its own, which were not a part of the contract, it in effect excused and prevented the Covingtons from performing the necessary conditions required of them in the contract.

It has been said by this Court that where the performance of a contract is prevented by either party, the other who is willing to perform is entitled to damages from the other sufficient to compensate him for the loss. Beach v. Johnson, 102 Miss. 419, 59 So. 800 (1912); 17A C.J.S. Contracts § 456, at 579 (1963).

The issue as to which party breached the contract was fairly submitted to the jury. The verdict of the jury in favor of the Covingtons settled this issue since there was ample testimony in the record to sustain the jury verdict. Hall Engineering & Construction Co. v. Jones, 186 So.2d 773 (Miss. 1966). We hold that the trial court was not in error in failing to direct a verdict in favor of the Insurance Company. The verdict was not against the overwhelming weight of the evidence. Pitts v. Mississippi Power & Light Co., 177 Miss. 288, 170 So. 817 (1936).

The jury returned a verdict in favor of the Covingtons in the sum of twenty-two thousand dollars ($22,000.00). On motion of the Insurance Company to direct a verdict for it — as to liability or in the alternative to grant a new trial as to the amount of damages — the court overruled the motion for a new trial, and sustained the motion as to damages, requiring a remittitur of damages down to eight thousand two hundred eighty-eight dollars and seven cents ($8,288.07). The Insurance Company has appealed as to the issue of liability and the Covingtons have appealed the order requiring a remittitur. They insist that the jury verdict for the full amount should be reinstated by this Court.

The Insurance Company contends that only nominal damages are allowable under the facts in this case. They cite 22 Am.Jur.2d Damages § 55, at 85-86 (1965), wherein it is said: "Thus, it has been said that a party to a contract who is injured by another's breach of that contract is entitled to recover from the defaulting party damages for only such injuries as are the *897 direct, natural, and proximate results of the breach."

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Bluebook (online)
297 So. 2d 894, 1974 Miss. LEXIS 1545, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/consolidated-american-life-ins-co-v-covington-miss-1974.