Connecticut Water Co. v. Barbato

537 A.2d 490, 206 Conn. 337, 1988 Conn. LEXIS 105
CourtSupreme Court of Connecticut
DecidedFebruary 23, 1988
Docket13166
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 537 A.2d 490 (Connecticut Water Co. v. Barbato) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Connecticut primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Connecticut Water Co. v. Barbato, 537 A.2d 490, 206 Conn. 337, 1988 Conn. LEXIS 105 (Colo. 1988).

Opinion

Covello, J.

This is the appeal from an assessment of a sales and use tax upon goods and services used by the plaintiff, the Connecticut Water Company, in the course of the construction of two water treatment plants. The plaintiff claims that the goods and services are exempt from taxation. The matter was reserved for the advice of this court on a stipulation of the following facts.

The plaintiff sells drinking water. Between 1979 and 1982, it constructed two water treatment plants, one in Clinton and the other in Chester. At these facilities, untreated or raw water that is unsuitable for drinking is drawn from reservoirs and collected in rapid mixing tanks in which hydrated lime and other agents that assist in the removal of suspended solids are added. Thereafter, the water passes through a pulsator clarifier unit (Clinton facility only) and certain filtration media, both of which serve to remove significant amounts of [339]*339organic solids and other foreign material. In addition, this process assists in the correction of the water’s odor and taste. A number of chemical compounds not present in the untreated water are added and thereafter remain present through to consumption. The entire process involves the use of basins, tanks, buildings, structures, pipes and a variety of machinery. Among the structures are certain water tanks known as “clear-wells” in which finished water is held prior to its distribution by gravity feed through mains and pipes to the plaintiff’s customers.

The plaintiff made a timely petition to the defendant commissioner of revenue services for a reassessment of the sales and use tax assessed by him. Upon the defendant’s denial of this petition, the plaintiff appealed to the Superior Court pursuant to General Statutes § 12-422.1

[340]*340The questions reserved for the advice of this court are: (1) Is the transformation of raw water into finished, potable water at the company’s treatment plants a process that constitutes “manufacturing” within the meaning of General Statutes § 12-412 (34)?2 and (2) Are certain tanks known as “clearwells,” which are used as the initial distribution point for delivery of potable water to the company’s customers, exempt from the sales and use tax pursuant to General Statutes § 12-412 (18)?3 We answer the first question “no” and the second question “yes.”

I

General Statutes (Rev. to 1981) § 12-412 (hh), which was in effect at the time of the defendant’s assessment, provided an exemption from the sales and use tax for [341]*341“[s]ales of and the storage, use or other consumption of machinery used directly in a manufacturing or agricultural production process.”4 The plaintiff argues that its water treatment equipment is machinery used in a manufacturing process.

While there is no statutory definition of “manufacturing,” § 12-426-11b (a) (10) of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies provides that “ ‘[mjanufacturing’ shall mean the performance as a business of an integrated series of operations which places personal property in a form, composition or character different from that in which it was acquired for sale in the regular course of business by the manufacturer. The change in form, composition, or character must be a substantial change, and it must result in a transformation of property into a different product having a distinctive name, nature and use. Operations such as compounding or fabricating are illustrative of the types of operation which may result in such a change. ‘Manufacturing’ is an activity which shall occur solely at an industrial plant.” (Emphasis added.)

Section 12-426-11b (a) (7) of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies in turn provides that an “ ‘[industrial plant’ shall mean a manufacturing facility at which a manufacturing production process is occurring. . . .” (Emphasis added.) A “manufacturing production pro[342]*342cess” is defined by these same regulations as “any one of a series of production activities, beginning with the movement of the raw materials after their receipt, inspection and storage, to the first production machine and ending with the completion of the finished product, including any packaging operations, for its sale to the ultimate consumer. . . .” Regs., Conn. State Agencies § 12-426-11b (a) (11).

The plaintiff claims that the present controversy should be resolved in its favor based upon the ruling in Ziperstein v. Tax Commissioner, 178 Conn. 493, 423 A.2d 129 (1979). In that case, we held that electricity used in the preparation of various ice milk and frozen slush products was exempt from sales tax, having been used in “a process of manufacturing tangible personal property for sale in the regular course of business” as then provided in § 12-426-11 (g) of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies. Id., 499. The ice milk in issue was “produced by taking a commercially prepared liquid mixture of sugar, com syrup and other items, and whipping air into the mixture and passing it through refrigerating machinery .... The . . . ‘slush’ . . . drink [was] made by mixing water, sugar, flavoring and chemical additives in a walk-in cooler where the product is stored until pumped from a machine.” Id., 499-500.

Since a “process of manufacturing” had neither a statutory nor regulatory definition at the time, we applied the commonly understood meaning of the phrase and found the production of the plaintiff’s products to be a “process of manufacturing” because “raw materials are transformed from an intrinsically valueless state into a finished product which has an enhanced value and use . . . .’’ (Emphasis added.) Id., 500.5 Relying on Ziperstein’s emphasis on enhanced [343]*343value and use, the plaintiff claims that its conversion of raw water to potable water is analogous to the production of the dairy bar products in that case.

The defendant argues that after the Ziperstein ruling, § 12-426-11b (a) (10) of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies was promulgated, defining “manufacturing” in a narrower context with a different focus.6 The defendant claims that the processing of potable water does not place personal property in “a form, composition or character different from that in which it was acquired for sale” as the regulation now requires. The defendant further claims that the plaintiffs process does not meet this regulation’s requirement that “[t]he change in form, composition, or character must be a substantial change, and it must result in a transformation of property into a different product having a distinctive name, nature and use. ” (Emphasis added.) See footnote 6, supra. We agree.

“It is a settled rule of law that statutes which exempt from taxation are to be strictly construed against the party claiming an exemption.” Hartford Hospital v. Board of Tax Review, 158 Conn. 138, 147, 256 A.2d 234 (1969); Clinton Nurseries, Inc. v. Commissioner of Revenue Services, 205 Conn. 761, 764, 535 A.2d 361 (1988); Ziperstein v. Tax Commissioner, supra, 496.

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Bluebook (online)
537 A.2d 490, 206 Conn. 337, 1988 Conn. LEXIS 105, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/connecticut-water-co-v-barbato-conn-1988.