OPINION
NIX, Chief Justice.
This appeal concerns a labor arbitration award reversing the dismissal of an employee of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (“LCB”). When the award was affirmed by the Commonwealth Court, the LCB petitioned this Court for an allowance of appeal, which we granted because of the importance of the issues involved.
The subject of the arbitration award was a Mr. Albert McCardle, who, until July of 1984, was employed by the LCB as a General Manager IB, a first-level supervisory [269]*269position. Mr. McCardle was assigned to an LCB store located in Bridgeville, Pennsylvania, and, in accordance with his job classification, was responsible for the store and the direction of its personnel. On July 13, 1984, McCardle was suspended from his position, in the course of an LCB investigation relating to the falsification of store documents and the disappearance of moneys or other property from the Bridgeville store.
The LCB investigation brought forth evidence that Mr. McCardle had falsified store business records and had misappropriated funds belonging to his employer. As to the business records, the investigation revealed that McCardle had committed numerous improprieties, including the following:
(a) On four occasions falsified store records so as to indicate the non-receipt of merchandise which had in fact been received by the store.
(b) On one occasion manipulated store records to conceal the receipt of a customer’s cash deposit.
(c) On one occasion falsified the inventory count.
(d) On two occasions voided records of retail sales that had in fact been made.
(e) On more than ninety occasions rang improper product codes or improper product prices on cash registers operated by him.
An audit disclosed that $2,981.38 in store funds was missing; of that amount, $1,384.91 was directly attributed to McCardle. The LCB proceeded to recover the latter amount from his salary.
On July 31, 1984, about two weeks after McCardle’s suspension, and apparently while the LCB investigation was still in progress, McCardle entered a Veterans Administration Hospital. Shortly thereafter, McCardle’s union told the LCB that he was suffering from mental illness. In response to that assertion, the employer asked that it be supplied with substantiating information by August 17, 1984. When no such information was provided, the LCB, by a decision dated August 23, 1984, terminated McCardle’s [270]*270employment. The stated basis for the discharge was that he had manipulated LCB documents, had misappropriated Commonwealth funds, and had failed to perform the duties of his position.1
As a General Manager IB, McCardle was represented by the Independent State Stores Union (“Union”). On August 28, 1984, the Union advised the LCB of its intention to grieve his dismissal. The Union alleged that McCardle’s misconduct was caused by “severe psychological problems which resulted in bizarre and unexplainable behavior.” Together with that contention, the Union asked that McCardle be placed on sick leave until he was able to resume his duties. After the grievance was denied at the prescribed preliminary stages of consideration, the Union took the matter to arbitration, pursuant to a labor agreement in force between the Union and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
The labor agreement, styled “Memorandum of Understanding,” is relatively laconic in its treatment of the employer’s disciplinary powers. The central provision on that subject states: “The Commonwealth shall not demote for disciplinary reasons, suspend, discharge or take any other disciplinary action against any manager without just cause.” (Emphasis added.) Although the Memorandum itself does not give a definition of “just cause,” such is provided in the Work Rules and Regulations published by the LCB. In those Rules the agency set forth a list of offenses which could result in “disciplinary action” against an employee. The Rules also specify a class of offenses which may provide “just cause” for immediate dismissal. Included in the latter group of designated infractions are: “Theft of Commonwealth funds or property” and “Serious violation of counter procedures.”
Regarding the arbitration of grievances, the Memorandum of Understanding provides, inter alia, that “[t]he [271]*271decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on both parties.” In the matter of McCardle’s grievance, the parties stipulated that only two questions were present for the arbitrator’s consideration: “Was the [g]rievant dismissed for just cause, and if not, what shall the remedy be?”
At the hearing before the arbitrator, the grievant did not contest the charges that were the basis for his dismissal. Indeed, Mr. McCardle admitted his guilt. The Union, however, renewing its contention that McCardle’s breach of trust was the product of mental illness, argued that he was not responsible for his actions and thus should have received a penalty less severe than discharge.
As to McCardle’s mental condition, the Union established that he had undergone psychiatric treatment at the Veterans Hospital for approximately seven months following his termination by the LCB. His period of treatment included both in-patient and out-patient care. The Union also put into evidence the opinions of a psychologist and a psychiatrist from the hospital, both of whom stated that the grievant was suffering from a stress-related mental disorder. The employer offered no evidence to contradict those opinions, but did seek to challenge their weight regarding the question of what caused the grievant’s dishonest acts.
In keeping with the evidence supporting the charges, the arbitrator found that the grievant had committed the various acts of manipulation and misappropriation alleged. However, based on the Union’s medical evidence, the arbitrator determined that the grievant’s misdeeds were the result of mental illness and thus not his fault. The arbitrator also interpreted the medical evidence as indicating that the grievant was recovering from his disorder and could return to responsible employment with the LCB. Predicated on those conclusions about Mr. McCardle’s mental condition, the arbitrator decided that the LCB did not have just cause for the discharge. The arbitrator further determined that the LCB should give the grievant an opportunity to demonstrate whether or not he had recovered from his mental problems so as to be “capable of responsible behav[272]*272ior.” Such opportunity, the arbitrator added, was to be provided in a way that would “limit any further damage to the employer or the employee.”
Having made those determinations, the arbitrator entered an award sustaining McCardle’s grievance, subject to the following terms: (1) the LCB would immediately reinstate the grievant to the status of employee, and the period following his termination would be treated as a suspension; (2) the grievant would resume employment as a Clerk II, and remain in that classification for at least six months to demonstrate whether or not he could cope with stress; and (3) if the grievant successfully completed the trial period, the time he had spent undergoing treatment at the hospital would be converted to sick leave.
The LCB challenged the arbitration award by taking an appeal to the Commonwealth Court.
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OPINION
NIX, Chief Justice.
This appeal concerns a labor arbitration award reversing the dismissal of an employee of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (“LCB”). When the award was affirmed by the Commonwealth Court, the LCB petitioned this Court for an allowance of appeal, which we granted because of the importance of the issues involved.
The subject of the arbitration award was a Mr. Albert McCardle, who, until July of 1984, was employed by the LCB as a General Manager IB, a first-level supervisory [269]*269position. Mr. McCardle was assigned to an LCB store located in Bridgeville, Pennsylvania, and, in accordance with his job classification, was responsible for the store and the direction of its personnel. On July 13, 1984, McCardle was suspended from his position, in the course of an LCB investigation relating to the falsification of store documents and the disappearance of moneys or other property from the Bridgeville store.
The LCB investigation brought forth evidence that Mr. McCardle had falsified store business records and had misappropriated funds belonging to his employer. As to the business records, the investigation revealed that McCardle had committed numerous improprieties, including the following:
(a) On four occasions falsified store records so as to indicate the non-receipt of merchandise which had in fact been received by the store.
(b) On one occasion manipulated store records to conceal the receipt of a customer’s cash deposit.
(c) On one occasion falsified the inventory count.
(d) On two occasions voided records of retail sales that had in fact been made.
(e) On more than ninety occasions rang improper product codes or improper product prices on cash registers operated by him.
An audit disclosed that $2,981.38 in store funds was missing; of that amount, $1,384.91 was directly attributed to McCardle. The LCB proceeded to recover the latter amount from his salary.
On July 31, 1984, about two weeks after McCardle’s suspension, and apparently while the LCB investigation was still in progress, McCardle entered a Veterans Administration Hospital. Shortly thereafter, McCardle’s union told the LCB that he was suffering from mental illness. In response to that assertion, the employer asked that it be supplied with substantiating information by August 17, 1984. When no such information was provided, the LCB, by a decision dated August 23, 1984, terminated McCardle’s [270]*270employment. The stated basis for the discharge was that he had manipulated LCB documents, had misappropriated Commonwealth funds, and had failed to perform the duties of his position.1
As a General Manager IB, McCardle was represented by the Independent State Stores Union (“Union”). On August 28, 1984, the Union advised the LCB of its intention to grieve his dismissal. The Union alleged that McCardle’s misconduct was caused by “severe psychological problems which resulted in bizarre and unexplainable behavior.” Together with that contention, the Union asked that McCardle be placed on sick leave until he was able to resume his duties. After the grievance was denied at the prescribed preliminary stages of consideration, the Union took the matter to arbitration, pursuant to a labor agreement in force between the Union and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
The labor agreement, styled “Memorandum of Understanding,” is relatively laconic in its treatment of the employer’s disciplinary powers. The central provision on that subject states: “The Commonwealth shall not demote for disciplinary reasons, suspend, discharge or take any other disciplinary action against any manager without just cause.” (Emphasis added.) Although the Memorandum itself does not give a definition of “just cause,” such is provided in the Work Rules and Regulations published by the LCB. In those Rules the agency set forth a list of offenses which could result in “disciplinary action” against an employee. The Rules also specify a class of offenses which may provide “just cause” for immediate dismissal. Included in the latter group of designated infractions are: “Theft of Commonwealth funds or property” and “Serious violation of counter procedures.”
Regarding the arbitration of grievances, the Memorandum of Understanding provides, inter alia, that “[t]he [271]*271decision of the arbitrator shall be final and binding on both parties.” In the matter of McCardle’s grievance, the parties stipulated that only two questions were present for the arbitrator’s consideration: “Was the [g]rievant dismissed for just cause, and if not, what shall the remedy be?”
At the hearing before the arbitrator, the grievant did not contest the charges that were the basis for his dismissal. Indeed, Mr. McCardle admitted his guilt. The Union, however, renewing its contention that McCardle’s breach of trust was the product of mental illness, argued that he was not responsible for his actions and thus should have received a penalty less severe than discharge.
As to McCardle’s mental condition, the Union established that he had undergone psychiatric treatment at the Veterans Hospital for approximately seven months following his termination by the LCB. His period of treatment included both in-patient and out-patient care. The Union also put into evidence the opinions of a psychologist and a psychiatrist from the hospital, both of whom stated that the grievant was suffering from a stress-related mental disorder. The employer offered no evidence to contradict those opinions, but did seek to challenge their weight regarding the question of what caused the grievant’s dishonest acts.
In keeping with the evidence supporting the charges, the arbitrator found that the grievant had committed the various acts of manipulation and misappropriation alleged. However, based on the Union’s medical evidence, the arbitrator determined that the grievant’s misdeeds were the result of mental illness and thus not his fault. The arbitrator also interpreted the medical evidence as indicating that the grievant was recovering from his disorder and could return to responsible employment with the LCB. Predicated on those conclusions about Mr. McCardle’s mental condition, the arbitrator decided that the LCB did not have just cause for the discharge. The arbitrator further determined that the LCB should give the grievant an opportunity to demonstrate whether or not he had recovered from his mental problems so as to be “capable of responsible behav[272]*272ior.” Such opportunity, the arbitrator added, was to be provided in a way that would “limit any further damage to the employer or the employee.”
Having made those determinations, the arbitrator entered an award sustaining McCardle’s grievance, subject to the following terms: (1) the LCB would immediately reinstate the grievant to the status of employee, and the period following his termination would be treated as a suspension; (2) the grievant would resume employment as a Clerk II, and remain in that classification for at least six months to demonstrate whether or not he could cope with stress; and (3) if the grievant successfully completed the trial period, the time he had spent undergoing treatment at the hospital would be converted to sick leave.
The LCB challenged the arbitration award by taking an appeal to the Commonwealth Court.1
2 There, the employer argued that the arbitrator’s decision overruling the dismissal, and installing the grievant in another position, exceeded the arbitral powers conferred by the Memorandum of Understanding. The employer also contended that the award went beyond the scope of the actual question stipulated to the arbitrator. The Commonwealth Court rejected both arguments, and affirmed' the award. Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board v. Independent State Stores Union, 100 Pa.Cmwlth. 272, 514 A.2d 959 (1986).
At the outset it must be emphasized that it has been established that the judicial scope of review of an arbitrator’s decision in matters of this nature is the “essence test.” Community College of Beaver County v. Community College of Beaver County, Society of the Faculty (PSEA/NEA), 473 Pa. 576, 375 A.2d 1267 (1977). Under the essence test the court is confined to determining whether the arbitrator’s decision could rationally be derived from the collective bargaining agreement. Philadelphia Housing Authority v. Union of Security Officers, 500 Pa. 213, 455 A.2d 625 (1983); Lewisburg Area Education Associa[273]*273tion v. Board of School Directors, 474 Pa. 102, 376 A.2d 993 (1977).
Most recently, in our decision in County of Centre v. Musser, 519 Pa. 380, 548 A.2d 1194 (1988), we had occasion to reiterate that “[u]nder the ‘essence’ test, ... an arbitrator’s award is to be respected by the courts if it represents a reasonable interpretation of the labor agreement between the parties.” Id., 519 Pa. at 390, 548 A.2d at 1198. After acknowledging this concept of judicial deference to the decision of arbitrators in the field of labor-management relations, we emphasized an important caveat which had been expressed by the United States Supreme Court in United States Steelworkers of America v. Enterprise Wheel and Car Corp., 363 U.S. 593, 597, 80 S.Ct. 1358, 1361, 4 L.Ed.2d 1424 (1960), which provided:
[A]n arbitrator is confined to interpretation and application of the collective bargaining agreement; he does not sit to dispense his own brand of industrial justice. He may of course look for guidance from many sources, yet his award is legitimate only so long as it draws its essence from the collective bargaining agreement. When the arbitrator’s words manifest an infidelity to this obligation, courts have no choice but to refuse enforcement of the award. (Emphasis added)
Thus the award will be respected by the judiciary if the award can in any rational way be derived from the agreement, viewed in light of its language, its context, and any other indicia of the parties intention. County of Centre, supra. From this point of reference we must proceed to analyze the issues raised in the instant appeal.
The position of the Union which was accepted by the arbitrator and the Commonwealth Court focused upon the severity of the punishment in light of their perception of the nature of the dereliction. The fallacy of this position is that the seminal issue presented to the arbitrator was whether the LCB had “just cause” for the firing of Mr. McCardle. Once it is established that the record reflects that there was “just cause” for the action taken, the inquiry must close [274]*274and the action of the agency must be accepted. Thus if “just cause” for the action was present, any further effort on the part of the arbitrator to disturb the agency’s action can not be said to flow from the essence of the bargaining agreement nor can it in any rational way be derived from that agreement.
In reviewing this matter, the Commonwealth Court purported to apply the “essence test” and concluded that the arbitrator’s actions did comport with that standard. In the process of reaching that conclusion the court began, quite logically, with the Memorandum of Understanding. Taking first the provision therein for arbitrating disciplinary grievances, and, second, the provision that the arbitrator’s decision was to be “final and binding,” the Commonwealth Court determined that the McCardle award could not be judicially disturbed. With regard to the arbitrator’s finding that the dismissal of the grievant did not rest upon just cause, the court agreed, stating: “[w]e do not see how the discharge of a mentally ill individual can be said to be for ‘just cause.’ ” 100 Pa.Cmwlth. at 276, 514 A.2d 961. In the court’s view, it was valid for the arbitrator to resolve that question by applying concepts of mental responsibility borrowed from the area of criminal law. Id. at 277, 514 A.2d at 961. In connection with that view, the court deemed inapplicable our decision in Philadelphia Housing Authority v. Union of Security Officers #1, supra, in which we held that an arbitrator exceeded his powers by overruling the discharge of an employee who had been terminated for acts of fraud.
In affirming the McCardle arbitration award, the Commonwealth Court also rejected the LCB’s contention that the award went beyond the issues submitted to the arbitrator by stipulation. Upon this point, the court observed that the arbitrator simply decided whether or not there was “just cause” for the grievant’s dismissal, and if not, what the remedy was to be — which were the very questions raised by the stipulation.
[275]*275In this appeal the LCB argues, as it did below, that the arbitrator’s decision overruling the dismissal exceeded his powers under the Memorandum and was therefore invalid. According to the LCB, Albert McCardle’s numerous acts of misappropriation and falsification of records clearly constituted “just cause” for his discharge, and that the resolution of his grievance at arbitration should have been governed by this Court’s decision in Philadelphia Housing Authority v. Union of Security Officers #1, supra. We agree.
The Philadelphia Housing Authority appeal involved a security guard, employed at a public housing project, who was dismissed by his governmental employer for defrauding an elderly tenant. An arbitrator determined that the sanction of discharge was too severe, based on his finding that the guard’s dishonest acts were perpetrated through exploitation of a personal relationship with the victim and not through misuse of official status. The arbitrator then proceeded to enter an award reducing the sanction to a period of suspension, equal to the time between the dismissal and the arbitration hearing, with the result that immediate reinstatement was to follow. This Court, upon review, set aside the arbitrator’s award, holding that it exceeded his powers under the collective bargaining agreement between the parties.
In deciding Philadelphia Housing Authority, this Court observed that the employer in question had an absolute responsibility to maintain the integrity of its security force, if for no other reason than to protect the tenants of its housing projects. Id., 500 Pa. at 216, 455 A.2d at 627. With that consideration in mind, we also observed that nothing in the collective bargaining agreement suggested that the employer intended to bargain away its responsibility and the power to enforce it by discharging dishonest guards. Any conclusion that the employer had so intended, was characterized by us as being “manifestly unreasonable.”
[I]t is manifestly unreasonable to conclude that the Housing Authority could have intended to bargain away its [276]*276absolute responsibility to ensure the integrity of its housing security force by discharging an officer who has defrauded one of the very people whom he is paid to protect.
Id., 500 Pa. at 216, 455 A.2d at 627.
It would also be “manifestly unreasonable” to conclude that any agency of this Commonwealth, regardless of whether it is acting in a governmental or proprietary function, intended to bargain away its responsibility to ensure the financial integrity of its operation by discharging an employee who has misappropriated funds and falsified records. As noted in County of Centre v. Musser, supra, the “essence test” standard of review includes the decisional teaching of Philadelphia Housing Authority v. Union of Security Officers, supra. If an agency of the Commonwealth entered into an agreement which expressly excluded conduct by an employee, of the nature herein, from the definition of “just cause” for discharging that employee, its validity would at best be questionable. We are here called upon to infer such an exception, which is clearly an untenable position.
In this context it must be stressed that the fact of the misappropriations and the falsification of records by McCardle is not disputed. It is also to be noted that when the LCB was first advised of the claimed emotional problems, the Board provided an opportunity to McCardle to supply that body with any information he wished relating to that condition. The ultimate action by the Board was taken only after McCardle made no effort to take advantage of that offer. Moreover, the concepts of culpability and mitigation applicable in criminal law are not applicable to this area. In this setting the issue must be confined to the competency and ability of the employee to perform the tasks required by the position in which he is serving. The fact that the dereliction may not have been maliciously inspired or that at some future time the impediment which occasioned the unsatisfactory performance may be removed, has no place in the inquiry. These are considera[277]*277tions that can be expressly set forth in a bargaining agreement with conditions and restrictions that the parties mutually establish. It would be destructive to permit an arbitrator to design provisions of this nature ex cathedra beyond the bargaining process and without the board having the opportunity of discharging its fundamental responsibility to protect the integrity of its operation.
The employer in the instant case, the LCB, is a governmental agency whose statutorily mandated functions include the retail and wholesale distribution of bottled liquors and wines within this Commonwealth. See sections 207 and 305 of the Liquor Code, Act of April 12, 1951, P.L. 90, as amended, 47 P.S. §§ 2-207, 3-305. The LCB, having a state-wide monopoly in that respect, has been characterized as the nation’s largest retail distributor of alcoholic beverages. Needless to say, the LCB, pursuant to its distributional function, has responsibility for enormous inventories of merchandise and vast amounts of money resulting from sales. It is equally obvious that the LCB, given its legal responsibilities, must be able to maintain honesty and integrity on the part of its employees who have ready access to its wares and revenues.3 To that end, the power of the LCB to discharge any employee who is proven to have stolen property from the agency is one of unquestionable importance and presumptively retained by management. We find nothing in the labor agreement here involved or any circumstance to suggest that the LCB had “bargained away” its power to discharge a proven thief; and it would be “manifestly unreasonable” to conclude that the agency intended to do so. In this connection, it should be recognized that a governmental agency does not have the freedom of a private enterprise to relinquish powers inherently [278]*278essential to the proper discharge of its function. County of Centre v. Musser, supra.
The arbitrator concurred in the LCB findings that Mr. McCardle committed the charged acts of impropriety. That finding established the “just cause” for the dismissal. At that point, the inquiry should have ended and the LCB action sustained. The further actions by the arbitrator in this matter cannot rationally be derived from the collective bargaining agreement. The arbitrator’s efforts in this instance to fashion “his own brand of industrial justice” must be rejected.
Accordingly, the order of the Commonwealth affirming the action of the arbitrator is reversed and the discharge of appellee is reinstated.
PAPADAKOS, J., files a concurring opinion in which he joins this opinion.
LARSEN, J., files a dissenting opinion.
ZAPPALA, J., files a dissenting opinion in which LARSEN, J., joins.