Commonwealth v. Bullock

328 A.2d 493, 459 Pa. 243, 1974 Pa. LEXIS 468
CourtSupreme Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedNovember 20, 1974
Docket272
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 328 A.2d 493 (Commonwealth v. Bullock) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Commonwealth v. Bullock, 328 A.2d 493, 459 Pa. 243, 1974 Pa. LEXIS 468 (Pa. 1974).

Opinions

OPINION

EAGEN, Justice.

Mervin Bullock was convicted by a jury of aggravated robbery and murder in the first degree. Following the [245]*245denial of post trial motions, a sentence of life imprisonment was imposed on the murder conviction.1 This appeal followed.

The sufficiency of the evidence to sustain a conviction of murder in the first degree is not questioned, nonetheless we have studied the record and are completely satisfied the trial evidence was more than ample to warrant such a conviction. From the evidence, the jury could find that on the evening of June 26, 1971, Bullock armed with a .32 automatic pistol robbed and fatally shot one Daniel Taylor in Philadelphia.

Two errors allegedly occurred in the prosecution process, which it is said require a new trial. The first such asserted error is the trial court’s refusal to suppress evidence of certain oral admissions and of a recorded incriminating statement Bullock made to the police. It is urged this evidence was obtained in violation of Bullock’s right to counsel under the Sixth Amendment. We are not so persuaded. The relevant facts are these.

Shortly before midnight of the day of the crimes, Bullock voluntarily appeared in the North Central Detective Division of the Philadelphia Police Department and told the officer at the desk he was “here to give [himself] up about a shooting.” Shortly thereafter, he was transferred to the Police Administration Building by a Detective Brown. On the way to the Administration Building, Bullock, without being asked any questions, spontaneousbly told Brown that he was involved in the Taylor robbery, but that Taylor was shot when the gun discharged accidentally.

Upon arrival at the Police Administration Building, Bullock produced a card with his attorney’s name thereon and requested permission to contact this attorney “before I talk to you.” Permission was granted and the attorney’s phone number was dialed but contact could not [246]*246be made. Detective Brown then asked Bullock, “Do you want to wait until you get hold of your lawyer and try to call him. again, or do you want to tell us what took place?” Bullock replied, “I’ll tell you what took place and then I’ll call my lawyer.” Bullock was then advised of his constitutional rights as mandated by Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), and in answers to questions indicated he clearly understood his right to remain silent and that he was entitled to have the assistance of counsel before and when he talked with the police. Bullock then told Detective Brown he took part in the robbery of Taylor, but insisted Taylor was shot accidentally. Subsequently, a formal or recorded statement was taken. Bullock’s version of the robbery and shooting in this statement corresponded with that given previously. However, it was more detailed. Upon its completion, Bullock read and signed the statement on each page. After this, Bullock made another attempt to contact his attorney by phone but was unsuccessful. It is the court’s ruling, refusing to suppress and in permitting evidentiary use of Bullock’s admissions and recorded statement, made after he told the police he wanted to contact his attorney “before I talk to you,” that is the principal assignment of error in this appeal.

The thrust of Bullock’s argument in connection with the foregoing is that once the police were informed he wanted the assistance of a lawyer, it was improper and constitutionally impermissible to ask him any questions without a lawyer being present. This position is based on the following language of the Court in Miranda v. Arizona, supra, at pages 444-445, 86 S.Ct. at 1613. “If, however, [the defendant] indicates in any manner and at any stage of the process that he wishes to consult with an attorney before speaking there can be no questioning[Emphasis added.] Thus, it is argued that when Bullock requested counsel, all questioning should have ceased, and, particularly, Detective Brown should not [247]*247have asked Bullock whether he wanted to wait for his lawyer.

However, such an interpretation loses sight of the fact that the United States Supreme Court in Miranda recognized that “[a]n express statement that the individual is willing to make a statement and does not want an attorney followed closely by a statement could constitute a waiver [of the right to counsel].” Id. at 475, 86 S.Ct. at 1628. [Emphasis added.] See also Commonwealth v. Franklin, 438 Pa. 411, 265 A.2d 361 (1970). Recently, in Commonwealth v. Clark, 454 Pa. 329, 311 A.2d 910 (1973), this Court resolved an analogous situation. Therein the defendant, Phillip Clark, was arrested for the murder of a police officer who was in pursuit of Clark while he was fleeing from a robbery. While Clark was being apprised of his Miranda warnings, he was asked, “Do you want either to talk with a lawyer at this time or to have a lawyer with you while we ask you questions?” Clark responded that he would like to talk with his mother. Then he was asked, “Are you willing to answer questions of your own free will, without force or fear and without any threats or promises having been made to you?” Clark answered, “May I speak to my mother?” At this juncture, Clark’s mother was brought into the interview room and left alone with her son for half an hour. Afterwards, the detective returned to the room and once again asked Clark, “Do you want to talk to a lawyer at this time or to have a lawyer with you while we ask you questions?” At this point, Clark provided the police incriminating information. In Clark, we unequivocally decided that the question of “whether a lawyer was wanted cannot be said to be ‘interrogation’ without prior warning of constitutional rights, such as was condemned in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966); it was rather a further recognition of those rights, and preparatory to interrogation. We have defined ‘interrogation’ under Mi[248]*248randa as including ‘any question likely to or expected to elicit a confession’. Commonwealth v. Simala, 434 Pa. 219, 227, 252 A.2d 575, 579 (1969). The question which preceded the incriminating statement of Clark was clearly not of that sort, nor otherwise the product of compulsion. Cf. Commonwealth v. Hamilton, 445 Pa. 292, 285 A.2d 172 (1971); Commonwealth v. Bordner, 432 Pa. 405, 247 A.2d 612 (1968).” Id. 454 Pa. at 335, 311 A.2d at 913. See also Commonwealth v. DuVal, 453 Pa. 205, 307 A.2d 229 (1973), and Commonwealth v. Franklin, supra. In Franklin the defendant was given his Miranda warnings, at which time he requested the presence of an attorney and all questioning ceased. During the next few hours, Franklin attempted to contact his attorney several times to no avail.

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Related

Commonwealth v. Fleissner
22 Pa. D. & C.3d 89 (Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas, 1981)
Commonwealth v. Bullock
415 A.2d 1240 (Superior Court of Pennsylvania, 1979)
Commonwealth v. Walker
368 A.2d 1284 (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1977)
Commonwealth v. Chase
73 Pa. D. & C.2d 540 (Monroe County Court of Common Pleas, 1975)
Commonwealth v. Bullock
328 A.2d 493 (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1974)

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Bluebook (online)
328 A.2d 493, 459 Pa. 243, 1974 Pa. LEXIS 468, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/commonwealth-v-bullock-pa-1974.