Com. v. Saunders, C.

CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedJuly 8, 2021
Docket3420 EDA 2019
StatusUnpublished

This text of Com. v. Saunders, C. (Com. v. Saunders, C.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Com. v. Saunders, C., (Pa. Ct. App. 2021).

Opinion

J-A05013-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : CLARENCE SAUNDERS : : Appellant : No. 3420 EDA 2019

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered September 6, 2019 In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-23-CR-0005333-2005

BEFORE: OLSON, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: Filed: July 8, 2021

Appellant, Clarence Saunders appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on September 6, 2019 following resentencing. We affirm.

As set forth by the trial court, the facts and procedural history of this

case are as follows:

On June 12, 2007, a jury convicted [Appellant of] one count of murder in the first-degree in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 2502(a) and [] one count of firearms not to be carried without a license in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 6106. At the time of offense, [Appellant] was a [16-year-old] juvenile[.] The trial court imposed a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for [first-degree murder] and a consecutive [sentence of three-and-one-half to seven years of imprisonment for the firearm violation].

In 2012, the United States Supreme Court held in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460, 477-479 (2012), that mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles violated the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The ____________________________________________

* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-A05013-21

Court also determined a juvenile must receive a proportionate and individual sentence that considers the juvenile's hallmark features and circumstances surrounding the crime. Id. Furthermore, in Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S. Ct. 718, 732-733 (2016), the Court made the holding in Miller retroactive on state collateral review.

Pursuant to the holdings in Miller and Montgomery, [the trial] court vacated [Appellant’s] previously imposed life without parole sentence and held a two-day resentencing hearing where both the Commonwealth and [Appellant] presented witnesses, expert testimony, and over 70 exhibits. On September 6, 2019, [the trial] court resentenced [Appellant] to [] 35 years to life imprisonment [for first-degree murder] and [a consecutive sentence of three] to [six] years [of] imprisonment [for the firearm conviction] for an aggregate sentence of 38 years to life [imprisonment].

On September 13, 2019, [Appellant] filed a post-sentence motion for reconsideration of the [] sentence. The [trial] court denied the motion for reconsideration on November 15, 2019.

Trial Court Opinion, 7/16/2020, at *1-2 (unpaginated) (superfluous

capitalization omitted). This timely appeal resulted.1

On appeal, Appellant presents the following issues for our review:

1. Whether the aggregate sentence of 38 years to life [imprisonment] is a de facto life sentence, requiring, as mandated by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Batts, 163 A.3d 410 (Pa. 2017) ("Batts II”), that the sentencing court find beyond a reasonable doubt that the juvenile was permanently incorrigible, irreparably corrupt or irretrievably depraved?

____________________________________________

1 Appellant filed a notice of appeal on November 26, 2019. The trial court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) on December 9, 2019. Appellant complied timely after requesting and receiving an extension of time to file the Rule 1925(b) concise statement. The trial court issued an opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on July 16, 2020.

-2- J-A05013-21

2. Whether the sentencing court committed [an] abuse of its discretion in imposing sentence of [three] to [six] years [of imprisonment] for firearms not to be carried without a license, a minimum term of confinement in the aggravated range of the sentencing guidelines, where the court failed to state reasons for the sentence in the aggravated range or identify aggravating circumstances?

3. Whether the aggregate sentence of 38 years to life [imprisonment] is an abuse of discretion, as it is unduly harsh and manifestly excessive, imposed as it was based entirely on the serious nature of the crime, without regard to mitigating evidence presented by [Appellant], and premised on an impermissible factor?

Appellant’s Brief at 5 (superfluous capitalization omitted).

In his first issue presented, Appellant contends:

[his] sentence constituted a de facto life sentence, which cannot be imposed unless the trial court finds beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was permanently incorrigible, irreparably corrupt or irretrievably depraved. Because the trial court did not make any such factual finding, Appellant requests that this Court remand for a new sentencing hearing.

Id. at 23, citing Batts, II.

We have previously determined that a claim that the trial court imposed

an impermissible de facto life sentence in violation of Miller constitutes a

challenge to the legality of sentence. See Commonwealth v. Clary, 226

A.3d 571, 580 (Pa. Super. 2020). This Court has stated:

A claim challenging a sentencing court's legal authority to impose a particular sentence presents a question regarding the legality of the sentence. The determination as to whether a trial court imposed an illegal sentence is a question of law; an appellate court's standard of review in cases dealing with questions of law is [de novo and our scope of review is plenary].

A trial court may not impose a term-of-years sentence on a juvenile convicted of homicide that equates to a de facto [life

-3- J-A05013-21

without parole (“LWOP”)] sentence unless it finds, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the juvenile is incapable of rehabilitation.

Clary, 226 A.3d at 580–581 (internal citations omitted).

We further explained:

In Miller, the [United States] Supreme Court held that it was unconstitutional to impose mandatory LWOP sentences for defendants who committed their crimes while under the age of 18. Miller, 567 U.S. at 465[.] The Court nonetheless opined that a LWOP sentence is still a viable sentence for “the rare juvenile offender whose crime reflects irreparable corruption,” and a judge or jury must consider individualized characteristics and circumstances, including an offender's youth and attendant characteristics, before imposing this harshest possible penalty. Id. at 479-480, 483, 489[.] In Montgomery, the U.S. Supreme Court held that its decision in Miller, supra, applies retroactively. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 732. The Court “expressly left it to the States to determine how the holding in Miller was to be implemented in state court proceedings.” Commonwealth v. Batts, 163 A.3d 410, 432 (Pa. 2017) (“Batts II”) (citation omitted).

In Batts II, our Supreme Court concluded “that to effectuate the mandate of Miller and Montgomery,” it would provide a procedural safeguard to ensure that LWOP sentences “are meted out only to ‘the rarest of juvenile offenders’ whose crimes reflect ‘permanent incorrigibility’” by recognizing a presumption against the imposition of a LWOP sentence for a juvenile offender. Batts II, 163 A.3d at 415-16. Therefore, if the Commonwealth seeks a LWOP sentence for a juvenile offender, it must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the offender “exhibits such irretrievable depravity that rehabilitation is impossible.” Id. at 455 (quoting Montgomery, supra at 733) (emphasis omitted).

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