Com. v. Piazza, P.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: January 19, 2022
• Docket: 1055 EDA 2021
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S33039-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : PRESTON JOSEPH PIAZZA : : Appellant : No. 1055 EDA 2021

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered May 3, 2021 In the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-09-CR-0006421-2010

BEFORE: BOWES, J., NICHOLS, J., and McLAUGHLIN, J.

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED JANUARY 19, 2022

Preston Joseph Piazza appeals from the order dismissing as untimely his

Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”) petition. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.

We affirm.

The subject PCRA petition relates to Piazza’s convictions in 2011 for

Intimidation of a Victim, Criminal Solicitation of Aggravated Assault, and

Retaliation against a Witness or Victim.1 Previously, in November 2004, a jury

convicted Piazza of Rape and related offenses. The victim of those crimes was

C.S. One of the witnesses against Piazza in 2004 was Anthony Lehman. The

court sentenced Piazza to 15 to 30 years’ incarceration and ordered him not

to have any contact with C.S. Later, while in prison on that conviction, Piazza

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1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4952(a)(2), 902(a), and 4953(a), respectively. J-S33039-21

pleaded guilty to stalking C.S. and the court sentenced him to an additional

five years’ probation.

In 2010, the Commonwealth charged Piazza in connection with the case

at issue in this appeal. The victim intimidation charge was as to C.S., and the

solicitation of aggravated assault was as to Lehman.2 At trial, the prosecution

presented the testimony of Mary Quinn that Piazza wanted her to find C.S.

and “get [C.S.] to say that she lied about being raped.” N.T., 4/7/11, at 36.

Quinn said that Piazza wanted her to “try to meet [C.S.], be friends with her,

get her to recant, get her to say that she was coerced by the police.” Id. at

37. Quinn testified she was to attend a beef and beer that C.S. also was

attending and while there, “give [C.S.] a fistful of Xanax and then convince

her to go for a boat ride.” Id. at 87. While on the boat, Quinn “would convince

C.S. to say that [Piazza] never raped her and to recant the statements from

the original trial.” Id. At the same beef and beer, Piazza’s friend Sean Barley,

known as “Shabba,” with whom Quinn had communicated, was going to beat

up Lehman. Id. at 88-90. Quinn took some but not all of the steps Piazza

requested.

On cross-examination, defense counsel asked Quinn if she had been

charged in connection with her actions, and she responded, “Not as of yet.”

Id. 127. She further answered that she had not been told that if she did not

testify in a certain way she would be charged and that she no one threatened

2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 4952(a)(2), 902(a), and 4953(a), respectively.

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her to testify. Id. She testified that the Commonwealth had not told her that

she potentially could be charged and that she had not asked whether she was

“free and clear.” Id. at 128.

At the trial, the jury also heard testimony from police officers and from

Barley. Barley testified that he understood that Piazza wanted him to beat up

Lehman. Id. at 149-53. The jury received additional evidence of the plot,

including recordings of phone calls between Quinn and Piazza.

During closing arguments, the assistant district attorney stated:

Now, let’s talk about the tough call we had to make in not charging Mary Quinn and Sean Barley. And maybe that frustrates you, and that is understandable. In this job sometimes you have to make tough calls and not everybody is going to like them. But to get to the main focus and the real threat -- and you have to get to the main threat -- that was Preston Piazza. Sometimes you have to forgo the smaller players in a scheme to get the main threat. And a colleague shared this saying with me and it is used in this line of business often, crimes conceived in hell do not have angels for witnesses.

N.T., 4/8/11, at 97-98

The jury found Piazza guilty and the court sentenced Piazza to 23½ to

47 years’ incarceration. This Court affirmed the conviction in July 2013, and

Piazza did not file a petition for allowance of appeal.

Piazza filed a pro se PCRA petition in August 2018. The court appointed

counsel. Counsel filed a motion for an extension of time and a request to allow

Piazza to proceed pro se. The PCRA court held a Grazier3 hearing, after which

3 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1988).

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it found Piazza knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived his right to

counsel and granted his request to proceed pro se. The court granted Piazza

additional time to review discovery and file an amended petition. Piazza filed

a motion in which he stated he was not going to amend the petition.

The PCRA court issued an order finding the petition was not filed within

one year of the date of judgment and Piazza failed to plead an exception to

the one-year filing requirement. It granted Piazza 60 days to file an amended

petition identifying an exception to the one-year filing requirement.

Piazza amended his petition to allege that Quinn had received a deal

from the Commonwealth in exchange for her testimony and the

Commonwealth had not informed him of the deal. He maintained he learned

of this alleged deal in July 2018. See Petition for Leave of Court to File this

Supplement Filing in Support of the Pending PCRA Petition, filed Sept. 12,

2019.

At a PCRA hearing, Piazza testified that in July 2018 he received a letter

from his brother4 that informed him that Mary Quinn told him that “she

received leniency to testify against Piazza” and was told that “[s]he would not

be prosecuted for anything.” N.T., 5/22/2020, at 25, 27. The court adjourned

the hearing to provide Piazza 10 days to find the letter. When the court

reconvened, Piazza advised that he no longer possessed the letter. Piazza

claimed that prison personnel removed letters received due to concerns they

4 His brother passed away before the hearing.

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were tainted with a drug. N.T., 6/4/2020, at 13-15.5 The court heard

argument on the time bar exception, including whether the PCRA court should

appoint counsel to subpoena Quinn, as Piazza was prohibited from contacting

her. The PCRA court informed Piazza that if it “agreed that [Quinn’s] testimony

[was] necessary for [it] to decide the jurisdiction issue, then [it would] appoint

an attorney to assist” in locating and interviewing her. Id. at 48. However, if

it concluded her testimony as not necessary to determine jurisdiction, it would

enter an order denying the petition. Id. at 48-49.

After the parties filed additional briefs, the court issued notice of its

intent to dismiss the petition as untimely and, in May 2021, it dismissed the

petition. Piazza timely appealed. The court did not order Piazza to file a

statement pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b).

Piazza raises the following issues:

1. Did the [PCRA] court abuse its discretion when it dismissed the new evidence PCRA petition as being untimely filed and not meeting the exception set forth to the time- bar in 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(ii)[] and (b)(2)[?]

2. Did the Brady v. Maryland[6] violation require a new trial?

5 After discovering that letters received by prisoners contained traces of a drug, the prison started sending mail to a facility in Florida that would reproduce the mail and return it. Piazza testified that his brother’s letter came before this procedure was initiated, but after concerns about tainted mail. N.T., 6/4/20, at 13-15.

6 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963).

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3. Does Commonwealth v. Strong[7] apply to this case?

Piazza’s Br. at 4 (emphasis and unnecessary capitalization omitted).

“When reviewing the denial of a PCRA petition, we must determine

whether the PCRA court’s order is supported by the record and free of legal

error.” Commonwealth v. Anderson, 234 A.3d 735, 737 (Pa.Super. 2020).

(quoting Commonwealth v. Smith, 181 A.3d 1168, 1174 (Pa.Super. 2018)).

A PCRA petitioner must file a PCRA petition within one year of the date

the judgment of sentence becomes final unless at least one of the statutory

exceptions to the one-year rule applies. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b). A

judgment becomes final “at the conclusion of direct review, including

discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the

review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).

In this case, Piazza’s judgment of sentence became final in August 2013,

after the expiration of the time for Piazza to file a petition for allowance of

appeal with the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. See Pa.R.A.P. 1113(a)

(providing for filing of a petition for allowance of appeal “within 30 days after

the entry of the order of the Superior Court . . . sought to be reviewed.”).

Therefore, the one-year deadline expired in August 2014, and the instant

petition, filed in 2018, is untimely.

A court lacks jurisdiction to review any claim raised in an untimely PCRA

petition unless the petitioner pleads and proves an exception to the time-bar. ____________________________________________

7 Commonwealth v. Strong, 761 A.2d 1167 (Pa. 2000).

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Commonwealth v. Jackson, 30 A.3d 516, 521-22 (Pa.Super. 2011). A

petitioner bears the burden of pleading and proving the applicability of one of

the time-bar exceptions: (i) unconstitutional interference by government

officials; (ii) new facts that the petitioner could not have previously

ascertained with due diligence; or (iii) a newly recognized constitutional right

that has been held to apply retroactively. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-

(iii).

Piazza argues that he established the new fact exception to the PCRA

time-bar. He cites his claim that Quinn told his brother that she testified

against Piazza “in exchange for a promise she would not be arrested or

charged with any offense related to the case.” Piazza’s Br. at 10. Piazza claims

Quinn told his brother this information in July 2018 and Piazza learned of it

from a letter received from his brother. He states Quinn was the

Commonwealth’s “star” witness, and it suppressed the leniency promise and

did not reveal it to Piazza. Id. at 7. He contends the court should have issued

a subpoena to have Quinn testify as to the alleged promise.

To qualify for the new fact exception, “a petitioner need only establish

that the facts upon which the claim is based were unknown to him and could

not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.” Commonwealth

v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618, 629 (Pa. 2017).

Here, the PCRA court noted that at trial, Quinn testified that she had not

been charged with a crime and had not been told that she would be charged

if she did not testify in a certain way. Trial Court Op., at 8-9 (citing N.T.,

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4/7/11, at 126-27). She testified that the Commonwealth did not tell her she

was potentially facing charges related to the case and she had not asked

whether she was “free and clear.” Id. (citing N.T., 4/7/11, at 126-27). It

further noted the Commonwealth’s closing argument, including its

acknowledgement that Quinn had not been charged in the case. Id. (citing

N.T., 4/8/11, at 97-98). The PCRA court concluded that because Piazza “was

aware at the time of trial that Ms. Quinn had not been charged and that the

Commonwealth had made the decision not to charge her, he cannot establish

that the fact upon which his Brady claim is predicated, i.e., the decision not

to charge Ms. Quinn, was ‘unknown to [him] and could not have been

ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.’” Id. at 9. The court therefore

found Piazza failed to prove a time-bar exception and it lacked jurisdiction to

review his claim.

The record supports the trial court’s findings of fact, and it did not err

as a matter of law. Here, Piazza knew at least by the time of trial that Quinn

had not been charged in connection with the crimes and that the

Commonwealth did not plan to charge her. To the extent Piazza claims the

new fact is that the decision not to charge Quinn was in exchange for Quinn’s

testimony—which is contrary to Quinn’s trial testimony—Piazza did not prove

that Quinn testified in exchange for leniency. He testified as to the information

Quinn allegedly told his brother but was unable to produce the letter. Further,

even if the court appointed counsel to subpoena Quinn, and Quinn testified as

Piazza claims she would, that is, that the Commonwealth told her it would not

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charge her if she testified against Piazza, he would not prevail. Although this

may qualify for an exception to the time bar, in that it was a new fact that he

could not have discovered with reasonable diligence, the underlying after-

discovered evidence claim would fail.8 See Commonwealth v. Lambert, 884

A.2d 848, 852 (Pa. 2005). Quinn testifying that the Commonwealth told her

she would not be charged in exchange for her testimony would not have

altered the outcome, where the jury knew she was not charged and knew the

Commonwealth was not going to charge her and the other evidence admitted

at trial established Piazza’s guilt. Here, in addition to Quinn’s testimony, the

jury heard substantial evidence of his guilt, including, among other things,

testimony from the person Piazza solicited to assault Lehman, testimony from

police officers, and recordings of phone calls between Quinn and Piazza. See

Commonwealth v. Bomar, 104 A.3d 1179, 1192-93 (Pa. 2014) (concluding

petitioner failed to prove prejudice from Brady violation where witness was

extensively cross-examined, a cautionary instruction was provided, and

substantial other physical and circumstantial evidence established his guilt).

8 To prove a Brady violation, the petition must establish “the evidence was favorable to the accused, either because it is exculpatory or because it impeaches; the evidence was suppressed by the prosecution, either willfully or inadvertently; and prejudice ensued.” Commonwealth v. Lambert, 884 A.2d 848, 854 (Pa. 2005) (quoting Commonwealth v. Burke, 781 A.2d 1136, 1141 (Pa. 2001)). “To show prejudice, [the petitioner] must demonstrate a ‘reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different.’” Commonwealth v. Simpson, 66 A.3d 253, 264 (Pa. 2013) (quoting Commonwealth v. Clark, 961 A.2d 80, 89 (Pa. 2008)).

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Order affirmed.

Judge Bowes joins the memorandum.

Judge Nichols concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 1/19/2022

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