Com. v. Munford, D.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: July 28, 2023
• Docket: 2263 EDA 2022
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S10044-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : DARRIN JEROME MUNFORD : : Appellant : No. 2263 EDA 2022

Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 19, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County Criminal Division at No: CP-45-CR-0003018-2017

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., LAZARUS, J., and STABILE, J.

MEMORANDUM BY STABILE, J.: FILED JULY 28, 2023

Appellant, Darrin Jerome Munford, appeals from the August 19, 2022

order dismissing his petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. Counsel has filed a no merit letter and

petition to withdraw pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927

(Pa. 1988) and Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988)

(en banc). The question before us is whether the PCRA court erred in

dismissing this action as untimely where a petition, filed on Appellant’s behalf

within the PCRA’s one-year deadline, was filed by Appellant’s wife, who is not

an attorney. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the PCRA court’s order

and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.

On September 17, 2018, a jury found Appellant guilty of burglary,

criminal trespass, and theft, but not guilty of attempt to commit involuntary J-S10044-23

deviate sexual intercourse and not guilty of indecent exposure. On December

10, 2018, the trial court imposed an aggregate 54 to 108 months of

incarceration. This Court affirmed the judgment of sentence on March 30,

2020.

On March 26, 2021, Appellant mailed, from SCI Frackville, a letter to

the court inquiring about the status of his case. On March 31, 2021, a PCRA

petition was filed on Appellant’s behalf, signed “Zamora Munford POA” (Mrs.

Munford). PCRA Petition, 3/31/21, at 11 (pagination ours). Mrs. Munford is

Appellant’s wife,1 and she purportedly acted with power of attorney on

Appellants’ behalf. Mrs. Munford is not a licensed attorney.2 On April 1, 2021,

in response to Appellant’s March 26, 2021 inquiry, the Monroe County Clerk

of Courts mailed Appellant a copy of the March 31 PCRA petition purportedly

filed on Appellant’s behalf by his wife.

On April 7, 2021, the PCRA court filed an order appointing counsel and

directing counsel to file an amended petition no later than June 1, 2021. The

April 7, 2021 order specified that an amended, counseled petition was

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1 We assume for purposes of argument that Mrs. Munford was Appellant’s wife, though Appellant offered no testimony or other evidence to establish that fact. Ultimately, the marital status of Appellant and Mrs. Munford is not dispositive.

2 We note that in Kohlman v. Western Pennsylvania Hosp., 652 A.2d 849 (Pa. Super. 1994), appeal denied, 663 A.2d 692 (Pa. 1995), this Court held that power of attorney documents executed pursuant to the Probate Code do not authorize the person with power of attorney to practice law on behalf of the other.

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necessary because the original petition apparently was not filed by an

attorney.3 On June 22, 2021, with appointed counsel having taken no action

on Appellant’s behalf, the Commonwealth filed an answer and new matter

asserting that the original petition, while timely, was void because it was not

filed by a person authorized to do so. The Commonwealth further argued that

because Appellant failed to file an amended, counseled (or pro se) petition

within the one-year PCRA time bar, the collateral proceeding should be

dismissed.

Appointed counsel filed an amended petition on August 23, 2021. The

amended petition did not address the Commonwealth’s arguments that the

original petition was void and that the proceeding should be dismissed for lack

of a timely petition. Subsequently, appointed counsel filed a petition to

withdraw, alleging that he had a conflict of interest because he had previously

prosecuted Appellant on convictions that were admitted against him under

Pa.R.E. 404(b) in the instant matter. On December 7, 2021, the PCRA court

granted counsel’s motion to withdraw and appointed present counsel.

On March 15, 2022, present counsel filed another amended petition.

This petition also did not address the Commonwealth’s argument for dismissal.

The Commonwealth responded with an answer reasserting its challenge to the

3 The order stated, “It appearing that the PCRA motion was or may have been prepared for Defendant by a person who is not an attorney. As result, a counseled, Amended PCRA petition shall be required on or before June 1, 2021.” Order, 4/7/21, at ¶ 3 (emphasis in original).

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original petition and its argument for dismissal on timeliness grounds. On May

10, 2022 and August 18, 2022, the PCRA conducted hearings. Appellant

testified regarding his claim of actual innocence, but he presented no evidence

to establish the validity of the original petition. Appellant did not say why Mrs.

Munford would have been authorized to file a PCRA petition on his behalf, nor

did he testify that he was unable to file a pro se petition from prison. In

substance, Appellant’s evidence at the PCRA hearings was largely an attempt

to relitigate the some of the facts at issue during trial.

At the conclusion of the August 18, 2022 hearing, when PCRA court

announced its decision to dismiss Appellant’s petition and began to explain its

reasoning, Appellant engaged in what the PCRA court described as “an

impromptu outburst.” PCRA Court Opinion, 12/8/22, at 9. Appellant

protested that, if there was a problem with his wife filing the petition on his

behalf, he should have been given an opportunity to fix it. N.T. 8/18/22, at

32-33. Appellant explained that there was a “paper trial” of him “going to

court a whole year.” Id. at 33. As noted above, he mailed the court a letter

from prison only days before Mrs. Munford filed the petition. The record

reflects subsequent communications directly from Appellant to the court. The

PCRA court dismissed this proceeding for lack of a timely petition, as the

original was not filed by an attorney or next friend, and because Appellant had

been given a reasonable opportunity to correct the defect and failed to do so

within the PCRA’s one-year deadline.

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Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal. As noted above, counsel is

proceeding under Turner/Finley, which requires counsel to “review the case

zealously […] submit a ‘no-merit’ letter to the trial court […] detailing the

nature and extent of counsel's ‘s diligent review of the case, listing the issues

which petitioner wants to have reviewed, explaining why and how those issues

lack merit, and requesting permission to withdraw.” Commonwealth v.

Muzzy, 141 A.3d 509, 510–11 (Pa. Super. 2016). Counsel must send a copy

of the no merit letter and petition to withdraw to the petitioner and inform the

petitioner of his right to proceed pro se or with new counsel. Id. The record

reveals that counsel’s Turner/Finley original filing was deficient in that it did

not include a letter to Appellant informing him of his right to proceed pro se

or with new counsel. Counsel corrected this deficiency in response to a

February 3, 2023 order from this Court directing him to do so. Appellant has

taken no further action, pro se or otherwise. We therefore proceed to the

timeliness issue and the substantive issue presented in counsel’s no merit

letter.

On review of an order denying relief under the PCRA, we must determine

whether the record supports the PCRA court’s findings of fact, and whether

the PCRA court committed an error of law. Commonwealth v. Paddy, 15

A.3d 431, 441-42 (Pa. 2011). The PCRA court’s findings of fact are binding

on us when they are supported in the record. Id. We review the PCRA court’s

legal conclusions de novo. Id. The PCRA requires that a petition be filed

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within one year of the date on which the judgment of sentence became final.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). Failure to meet that deadline or an exception

thereto, deprives the PCRA court of jurisdiction. Commonwealth v.

Hackett, 956 A.2d 978, 983 (Pa. 2008), cert. denied, 556 U.S. 1285 (2009).

As noted above, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence on

March 30, 2020. Because Appellant did not seek allowance of appeal in the

Pennsylvania Supreme Court, his judgment of sentence was final 30 days

later, on April 29, 2020. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3) (“For purposes of

this subchapter, a judgment becomes final at the conclusion of direct review,

including discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and

the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking

the review.”). The only petition filed on Appellant’s behalf within one year of

April 29, 2020 was the March 31, 2021 petition signed by Mrs. Munford.

In general, a person who is not an attorney may not represent another

party before the courts of Pennsylvania, and unauthorized practice of law may

in some cases be prosecuted as a misdemeanor. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 2524(a). In

Bisher v. Lehigh Valley Health Network, Inc., 265 A.2d 383 (Pa. 2021),

our Supreme Court considered the status of a pleading filed by a non-

attorney.4 The Bisher Court concluded that such pleadings are not void ab

4 In Bisher, the plaintiffs, who were not licensed attorneys, filed pro se wrongful death and survival actions. They were permitted to proceed pro se (Footnote Continued Next Page)

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initio; rather they are voidable at the discretion of the trial court. Id. at 389.

Thus, the participation of a non-attorney is a curable technical defect that “the

offending party should be given a ‘reasonable opportunity’ to cure.” Id. at

407, 409. Relying on Bisher, the PCRA court gave Appellant an opportunity

to cure the defective petition. In its order of April 7, 2021, the PCRA court

noted explained that the original petition had not been filed by an attorney

and directed that appointed counsel file an amended petition by June 1, 2021.

Original PCRA counsel failed to meet the June 1, 2021 deadline and eventually

withdrew.

The PCRA court also considered whether Mrs. Munford’s petition was

salvageable under the “next friend” doctrine, pursuant to which a non-

attorney may act on a PCRA petitioner’s behalf under the following

circumstances:

First, the putative next friend must provide an adequate explanation, such as lack of access to the courts, mental incapacity or other disability, as to why the defendant is incompetent to appear on his own behalf and litigate his own cause. […] Secondly, the putative next friend must establish that they have a significant relationship to, and are truly dedicated to the best interests of, the real party in interest on whose behalf they seek to litigate.

Commonwealth v. White, 734 A.2d 374, 376 (Pa. 1999) (citations omitted).

The PCRA court found that record before us conclusively establishes that

on their wrongful death actions but needed a licensed attorney to file a survival action on behalf of a decedent’s estate. Id. at 389-90.

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Appellant cannot meet the first prong. He mailed a letter to the Monroe

County clerk of courts less than one week before Mrs. Munford filed the PCRA

petition. And in protesting on the record after the PCRA court announced its

decision, Appellant stated that a year-long paper trail established his ability

to contact the court when necessary. The record supports the PCRA court’s

findings, and they are binding on appeal.

Because Appellant, in accord with Bisher, was given a reasonable

opportunity to cure the defective petition and failed to do so, and because he

cannot establish the applicability of the next friend doctrine in this case, we

discern no legal error in the PCRA court’s decision to treat the March 31, 2021

petition as void. Because Appellant never filed a valid PCRA petition within

the one-year deadline, the PCRA court did not err in dismissing Appellant’s

petition under § 9545(b)(1).

The Turner/Finley letter also addresses Appellant’s claim of actual

innocence. The record reveals that Appellant’s convictions resulted from his

actions at a massage parlor. The Commonwealth sought to prove at trial that

Appellant broke into the parlor then exposed himself to and attempted to

sexually assault an employee. Presently, Appellant claims the massage parlor

was a bordello and that the women who testified against him were prostitutes

who falsely accused him. Counsel correctly concludes that Appellant cannot

obtain collateral relief on this argument, which amounts to a challenge to the

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sufficiency of the evidence. Appellant waived that argument by not raising it

on direct review. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9544(a).

In summary, Appellant did not file a timely counseled or pro se petition.

The PCRA court did not err in treating the petition filed on Appellant’s behalf

by his non-attorney wife as void after giving him a reasonable opportunity to

cure the defect. This Court has received no pro se filing from Appellant after

present counsel advised him of his right to do so. We therefore affirm the

PCRA court’s order and grant counsel’s petition to withdraw.

Order affirmed. Petition to withdraw granted.

President Judge Panella joins the memorandum.

Judge Lazarus concurs in the result.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary

Date: 7/28/2023

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