Com. v. Martin, A.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: June 18, 2025
• Docket: 1253 WDA 2024
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-S18036-25

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : ARTHUR MARTIN : : Appellant : No. 1253 WDA 2024

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered July 3, 2024 In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0001461-2021

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

MEMORANDUM BY STEVENS, P.J.E.: FILED: June 18, 2025

Appellant, Arthur Martin, appeals nunc pro tunc from the judgment of

sentence imposed following the revocation of his probation. 1 On appeal,

Appellant contends the violation of probation (VOP) court abused its discretion

when it resentenced Appellant to four years to eight years in prison. After a

careful review, we affirm.

The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows: On October 6,

2020, the police filed a criminal complaint against Appellant in connection with

the October 5, 2020, strangulation of the victim. On November 1, 2022,

Appellant, represented by counsel, entered a guilty plea to one count of

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.

1 As discussed infra, Appellant’s appeal rights were reinstated via the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-46. J-S18036-25

strangulation, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2718(a)(1). On this same date, the trial court

sentenced Appellant to five years of restrictive probation with the first two

years to be served on electronic home monitoring. The trial court directed

that Appellant have no contact with the victim. Also, the trial court ordered

Appellant to undergo a drug and alcohol evaluation, as well as a mental health

evaluation, and complete any treatment recommended by these assessments.

Appellant was directed to successfully complete a Batterers’ Intervention

Program. Appellant filed neither post-sentence motions nor a direct appeal.

On June 16, 2023, following a Gagnon I2 hearing, the hearing officer

found probable cause that Appellant violated his probation by committing a

new crime. On July 3, 2024, Appellant proceeded to a Gagnon II hearing at

which the Commonwealth established Appellant violated his probation

because he was arrested for and pled guilty to criminal trespass as to a

different victim, and for this new offense, he was sentenced to five months to

ten months in jail, to be followed by two years of probation. N.T., 7/3/24, at

2-3.

The VOP court indicated it had a pre-sentence investigation (“PSI”)

report, which was dated June 24, 2024. Id. at 2. The VOP court

acknowledged Appellant is “unable to read,” and, thus, the VOP court asked

2 See Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 782 (1973) (holding that due process requires that a probationer be given a preliminary (Gagnon I) and final (Gagnon II) hearing prior to revoking probation).

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Appellant if his attorney had read the PSI report to him. Id. at 3. Appellant

answered affirmatively. Id. The VOP court indicated it thoroughly reviewed

the PSI report. Id. at 6.

Appellant’s counsel indicated Appellant is sixty-four years old, and prior

to the court-ordered drug and alcohol evaluation and treatment at First Step,

he had never been in “any kind of drug and alcohol treatment.” Id.

Appellant’s counsel acknowledged that Appellant did not successfully complete

First Step, and she averred there is “an issue with addiction.” Id. She noted

that Appellant was advised to enter an inpatient program for drug and alcohol

treatment after he failed First Step. Id. at 7. She argued that Appellant’s

addiction has been a “catalyst for other behavior.” Id. at 6.

Appellant’s counsel noted that Appellant suffered a serious head injury

when he was thirteen years old, has a scar on his head from the injury, and

experiences migraines from the injury. Id. She acknowledged Appellant had

“absconded for a period of time.” Id. She noted that Appellant was employed

by a concrete company, and he had a home. Id. at 7. Appellant’s counsel

indicated that Appellant “does not know how to read or write.” Id. She

contended that Appellant does not have the tools to get himself into an

inpatient program, and, thus, he failed to take the appropriate steps to

address his addiction problems. Id.

Appellant’s counsel acknowledged that Appellant’s instant case, as well

as the new case, are “serious,” and Appellant battered more than one victim.

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Id. She noted Appellant successfully completed the Batterers’ Intervention

Program, and she “hopes he has gained some insight on behavior when it

comes to dealing with [situations where] he finds out someone is cheating on

him or whatever reason that the appropriate response is not how he

responded.” Id.

Appellant’s counsel requested that the VOP court resentence Appellant

to some type of long-term inpatient program. Id. at 8. She reiterated that

Appellant has never had the opportunity to be in an inpatient treatment

program to address his addiction issues. Id. She argued that a state prison

term will benefit neither Appellant nor society, and Appellant deserves a

chance to prove that he can address the issues, which resulted in the instant

revocation of probation. Id.

In response, the Commonwealth indicated that Appellant was twice

given the opportunity to go into inpatient treatment, and he was given the

opportunity to complete treatment through First Step. Id. However,

Appellant failed to do so. Id. The Commonwealth noted that, in the instant

matter, within two weeks of Appellant starting electronic home monitoring, he

had issues at First Step, so he was not “even on the right track to complete

the two years.” Id. at 9. The Commonwealth argued Appellant had difficulties

submitting to drug and alcohol treatment from the beginning, and he was in

violation. Id.

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The Commonwealth noted that Appellant had proceeded to an initial

Gagnon I hearing in June of 2023, and during this hearing, the parties agreed

that Appellant could remain on probation and return to First Step. Id.

However, at the end of July of 2023, Appellant tested positive for drugs, and,

at this time, the plan was for Appellant to enter an inpatient facility. Id.

However, Appellant failed to do so. Id.

Thereafter, Appellant committed a new crime, which led to a new

conviction, and was the basis for the revocation of his probation for the current

case. The Commonwealth acknowledged Appellant has “some barriers” to

receiving help; however, resources have been in place since 2022 to assist

him. Id. The Commonwealth averred Appellant has failed to take the

necessary steps to make a positive change. Id.

In response, Appellant’s counsel admitted that Appellant was “told to go

to an inpatient program.” Id. However, she noted that, given Appellant’s

inability to read or write and lack of education, it was understandable that

Appellant did not take the appropriate steps to be admitted into an inpatient

program. Id. She acknowledged that First Step may not have been “strict

enough” to assist Appellant in addressing his addiction problems. Id.

The VOP court noted that Appellant seems to deny he has any addiction

issues. Id. In this vein, the VOP court noted that, in the PSI report, while

Appellant admitted to occasional use of marijuana and crack cocaine, he

denied having an addiction. Id. The VOP court noted Appellant also denied

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having a history of mental illness. Id. The VOP court indicated the mental

health evaluation revealed Appellant suffers from insomnia. Id. at 11.

Appellant’s counsel acknowledged the mental health evaluation, but she

reminded the VOP court that people who can neither read nor write are at a

great disadvantage in society. Id. She reiterated that Appellant completed

the Batterers’ Intervention Program. Id. She indicated that, since he has been

in prison, Appellant has worked in the kitchen and has “absolutely no write-

ups.” Id.

The Commonwealth requested that the VOP court resentence Appellant

to a period of state incarceration plus probation, as well as continue the no

contact order for the victim. Id. at 12. In support thereof, the Commonwealth

indicated:

What is absolutely frightening about these cases is the fact that while he completely disrespected the [trial] court’s order while being given the opportunity to go into inpatient and to essentially redeem himself, absconds and then enters the apartment building of [another victim], pushes her into her apartment, closes the door behind him, and thankfully there was a back door for her to escape. Obviously, the [Commonwealth] cannot speculate as to what would have occurred if there was no back door, but given the history with [that victim]…he pled to a simple assault although it involved strangulation. So, [Appellant] essentially has two strangulations, two different victims….He doesn’t comply while he is on probation. He has been given an opportunity to enter inpatient [treatment] and denies [that he has] a drug issue. How can he go into inpatient [treatment] and address what...we all strongly believe is a drug issue, him having a drug issue if he cannot even admit to having that addiction problem. He has done well in the Allegheny County Jail because his issue isn’t other men or males, the male population because his

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issue is as we can see through his priors, his interactions with his intimate or former intimate partners. [B]ased upon all of his history, he has shown us exactly what he intends to do in the future, and [the Commonwealth believes] state incarceration…is the appropriate sentence.

Id. at 13-14.

Appellant’s counsel reminded the VOP court that Appellant’s latest

conviction was for the charge of criminal trespass and not strangulation. Id.

at 14. The VOP court indicated it was “well aware of his criminal history as

the [latest crime] occurred only months after his no contact order with [a

victim] was closed out, mere months after it was closed out all of a sudden

we have violence again with [that same victim, resulting in his conviction for

criminal trespass].” Id.

The VOP court asked Appellant if he wished to make a statement, and

Appellant indicated affirmatively. Id. at 15. Appellant indicated he wasn’t

sure about “this drug and alcohol [idea], but [he] wouldn’t mind going into an

in-house program [to] work out the problems [he has].” Id. Appellant

testified the idea of alcohol and drug treatment is “brand new to [him and he]

didn’t set out to hurt anybody.” Id. He indicated that he did not try to do

violence to the latest victim, and he denied either pushing her or forcing her

to run out of the house. Id. Appellant said he “didn’t have a clue” why a

prison term was being suggested in this revocation matter, and he wanted “a

chance to clean up [his] drug addiction if that’s the case, not sentence [him

to prison] knowing [he has no way] of reading and writing.” Id. Appellant

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informed the VOP court that no one gave him information as to who to contact

regarding the Batterers’ Intervention Program prior to his arrests. Id.

Appellant averred that putting him in prison would be akin to throwing him

into the “lion’s den and [he is] a sheep.” Id.

The VOP court indicated the following:

[Appellant], I’m sorry, but I’m not believing you because domestic violence cases—sir, those probation officers always provide that information. They help you do it. I was a domestic violence Judge for three years, and they always help you do it. So, I’m not buying that they didn’t give you the phone number. *** [Y]ou’re standing here telling me you have no idea why you’re here, okay, you didn’t strangle anybody. You strangled [the victim in the instant matter] so badly that she was in the hospital, she had marks and swelling all over her neck [such] that they were very concerned about her in the hospital[.] And you’re telling me now that didn’t happen? *** [I have] read your [PSI] report. I’m not confused after looking at what happened in all of these cases. I’m not confused with the timeline; that is as soon as you get off probation with [the victim in a different case], within months you’re back pushing your way into her house, as soon as the no contact order is lifted, after another very violent assault[.] So, sir, at this point, you know, you were given an opportunity. We worked really hard on this plea to make sure that you would have an opportunity to do the right thing, to be on house arrest, to take care of any issues that you had, which is what you would have done at First Step. And you get there and two weeks later you were gone using crack cocaine. And you end up spending another month in jail because First Step said he spends a month in jail we’ll take him back. They took you back on July 5th and then again on July 27th, three weeks later, again another relapse, leaving that program, getting kicked out of that program.

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Then you’re arrested a couple of months later for criminal trespass against [a victim]. You know, when I look back at all of the priors, the constant allegations against you of simple assault, simple assault, simple assault, strangulation, strangulation, burglary, simple assault, criminal trespass, you know, it sets up a pattern. It is very easy to understand. So, what [the VOP court] is going to do, sir,—there are new guidelines in this case, just want to make sure everybody is aware of that. The original guidelines in this case on the felony two strangulation were…18 in the mitigated, 30 to 42 in the standard, and 54 in the aggravated. Once he became a convicted violator, those guidelines were raised to 24 in the mitigated, 36 to 48 in the standard, and 60 in the aggravated.[3] And, [Appellant], what [the VOP court] is going to do is revoke the entire sentence. [The VOP court] is going to give you a new sentence of four to eight years in prison. You have credit for time served,…so that’s approximately five months of credit that you will have. The rest of the credit on this case was all used on previous cases.

Id. at 16-19 (footnote added).

The VOP court determined that Appellant is not RRRI eligible. The VOP

court sentenced Appellant to four years to eight years in prison. Id. at 20.

The VOP court continued the no contact order as to the instant victim. The

3 On January 1, 2020, our legislature adopted Resentencing Guidelines, which

“[t]he court shall consider…in determining the appropriate resentence upon a revocation of probation.” 204 Pa. Code § 307.2(a). The Resentencing Guidelines have been amended. See 204 Pa. Code § 307.2(b). Relevantly, the initial Resentencing Guidelines apply to revocations of probation for offenses committed on or after January 1, 2020, but prior to January 1, 2021. See 204 Pa. Code § 307.2(b)(1) (“The initial Resentencing Guidelines, effective January 1, 2020, apply to all offenses committed on or after January 1, 2020, but prior to January 1, 2021, for which the 7th Edition, Amendment 5 Sentencing Guidelines applied.”). The initial Resentencing Guidelines are applicable here since Appellant committed his underlying offense of strangulation as to the instant victim on October 5, 2020.

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VOP court provided Appellant with his post-sentence motion and appellate

rights. Id. at 21-22.

Appellant filed neither timely post-sentence motions nor a direct appeal.

However, on September 9, 2024, Appellant filed a timely counseled petition

under the PCRA seeking the restoration of his post-sentence motion and direct

appeal rights nunc pro tunc. On September 19, 2024, the PCRA court granted

Appellant’s PCRA petition and specifically reinstated Appellant’s post-sentence

motion and direct appeal rights.

Appellant filed a timely post-sentence motion, which the VOP court

denied on October 4, 2024. This counseled appeal followed on October 15,

2024, and all Pa.R.A.P. 1925 requirements have been met.

On appeal, Appellant sets forth the following in his “Statement of the

Questions Involved” (verbatim):

I. In revoking and re-sentencing Mr. Martin to 4-8 years’ incarceration, whether the trial court abused its discretion by failing to consider Mr. Martin’s personal history, character, and treatment and rehabilitative needs (in particular, that he cannot read or write and how that impacts his ability to function in society), in violation of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b)? II. In revoking and re-sentencing Mr. Martin to 4-8 years’ incarceration, whether the trial court abused its discretion by focusing solely on the seriousness of Mr. Martin’s new crimes and behavior, in violation of 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b)?

Appellant’s Brief at 6 (suggested answers and bold omitted).

Initially, we note that “in an appeal from a sentence imposed after the

court has revoked probation, we can review the validity of the revocation

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proceedings, the legality of the sentence imposed following revocation, and

any challenge to the discretionary aspects of the sentence imposed.”

Commonwealth v. Wright, 116 A.3d 133, 136 (Pa.Super. 2015) (citation

omitted).

Here, Appellant presents challenges to the discretionary aspects of his

sentence. See Commonwealth v. Rhoades, 8 A.3d 912 (Pa.Super. 2010).

When an appellant challenges the discretionary aspects of his sentence, we

must consider his brief on this issue as a petition for permission to appeal.

Commonwealth v. Yanoff, 690 A.2d 260, 267 (Pa.Super. 1997). Prior to

reaching the merits of a discretionary sentencing issue,

[this Court] conduct[s] a four-part analysis to determine: (1) whether appellant has filed a timely notice of appeal, see Pa.R.A.P. 902 and 903; (2) whether the issue was properly preserved at sentencing or in a motion to reconsider and modify sentence, see Pa.R.Crim.P. 720; (3) whether appellant’s brief has a fatal defect, Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f); and (4) whether there is a substantial question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9781(b).

Commonwealth v. Taylor, 137 A.3d 611, 618 (Pa.Super. 2016) (en banc).

Here, assuming, arguendo, all of these requirements have been met,

we conclude Appellant’s sentencing claims are meritless.

The imposition of sentence following the revocation of probation is vested within the sound discretion of the [VOP] court, which, absent an abuse of that discretion, will not be disturbed on appeal. An abuse of discretion is more than an error in judgment— a sentencing court has not abused its discretion unless the record discloses that the judgment exercised was manifestly unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias or ill-will.

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Commonwealth v. Starr, 234 A.3d 755, 760-61 (Pa.Super. 2020) (citation

“Upon revocation of probation, all sentencing alternatives available to

the court at the time of the initial sentence shall be available to the court for

resentencing.” 204 Pa. Code § 307(c). Relevantly, following the revocation of

probation, the court may impose a sentence of total confinement if, as

occurred in the instant matter, the defendant has been convicted of another

crime. See 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9771(c).4

When imposing a sentence of total confinement after a probation

revocation, the sentencing court must consider the factors set forth in

Subsection 9721(b) of the Sentencing Code. See Commonwealth v. Derry,

150 A.3d 987 (Pa.Super. 2016); Commonwealth v. Yeager, 876 MDA 2024,

2025 WL 30854 (Pa.Super. filed 1/6/25) (unpublished memorandum)

(discussing the application of Section 9721 to resentencing following the

revocation of probation).5 Pursuant to Subsection 9721(b):

[T]he sentence imposed should call for confinement that is consistent with the protection of the public, the gravity of the offense as it relates to the impact on the life of the victim and on the community, and the rehabilitative needs of the defendant.

4 We note that, effective June 11, 2024, Subsection 9771(c) was amended.

The pre-amended and amended versions of Subsection 9771 provide that a VOP court may impose total confinement upon the revocation of probation where the defendant has been convicted of another crime.

5 Pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 126(b), we may rely on unpublished memorandum issued after May 1, 2019, for their persuasive value.

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42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9721(b).

Following a revocation of probation, a VOP court need not undertake a

lengthy discourse for its reasons for imposing a sentence of total confinement,

but the record as a whole must reflect the court’s consideration of the facts of

the crime or violation, and the character of the offender. Commonwealth v.

Crump, 995 A.2d 1280, 1283 (Pa.Super. 2010).

Here, Appellant contends the VOP court imposed an excessive sentence.

Appellant avers “a careful review of the Gagnon II hearing transcript reveals

that the [VOP] court failed to consider [Appellant’s] personal history,

character, and treatment and rehabilitative needs.” Appellant’s Brief at 17.

In this vein, Appellant contends the VOP failed to consider that Appellant’s

advanced age, as well as his inability to read and write, were “catalysts for his

problematic behavior[.]” Id. at 27. Further, Appellant contends the VOP court

focused “only [on] the seriousness of [Appellant’s] new conviction and the

negative information contained in his PSI [report when it] sentenced

[Appellant] to 4-8 years’ incarceration.” Id. at 28-29.

We conclude that, during resentencing, in open court, the VOP court

stated its reasons on the record for the sentence it imposed. Specifically, the

VOP court’s statement reveals it considered all factors under Subsection

9721(b). For example, the VOP court indicated the need to protect the public

from Appellant, who, while on electronic home monitoring for the instant case,

and within months of being released from probation as to a different victim,

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committed additional crimes. N.T., 7/3/24, at 17.

Further, the VOP court indicated it considered the gravity of the offense

as related to the instant victim. In this vein, the VOP court noted Appellant

strangled the victim “so badly that she was in the hospital[.]” Id. at 16.

Additionally, the VOP court noted it considered the rehabilitative needs

of Appellant, particularly as it relates to Appellant’s addiction issues. Also,

given the VOP court specifically indicated it reviewed Appellant’s PSI report,

we can assume the VOP court “was aware of relevant information regarding

the defendant’s character and weighed those considerations along with

mitigating statutory factors.” Commonwealth v. Devers, 546 A.2d 12, 18

(Pa. 1988).

Additionally, it bears mentioning that, in its Opinion, the VOP court

specifically acknowledged it was aware of Appellant’s age, inability to read or

write, and his lack of education. VOP Court Opinion, filed 1/9/25, at 8. The

VOP court indicated that “any attempt at a successful probationary term [in

the instant case] was relatively short lived, and [Appellant] failed to take

advantage of the opportunities that his original sentence had afforded him.”

Id. at 9. The VOP court noted that, not only did Appellant commit new crimes

while he was on electronic home monitoring for the instant matter, but he “did

not engage in any genuine attempts at rehabilitation[.]” Id. at 10.

Furthermore, the VOP court indicated that, from the beginning,

Appellant failed to abide by the First Step program, absconded, and used crack

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cocaine. Id. Thereafter, Appellant was given another opportunity to comply

with the First Step program, and he failed to do so, including using drugs. Id.

The VOP court indicated that it “meaningfully considered [Appellant’s]

counsel’s argument, and it weighed those considerations against other, more

compelling, factors that warranted a serious sentence of incarceration.” Id.

at 11.

We conclude the VOP court did not abuse its discretion in sentencing

Appellant following the revocation of his probation. The VOP court imposed

an individualized sentence consistent with the protection of the public, the

gravity of the offense, and the rehabilitative needs of Appellant. 42 Pa.C.S.A.

§ 9721(b). Finally, the VOP court considered the mitigating circumstances

and did not focus solely on the seriousness of the crime. The fact Appellant

wishes the VOP court would have weighed the factors differently does not

entitle him to relief.

For all of the aforementioned reasons, we affirm.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

DATE: 6/18/2025

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