J-S35013-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : BILLY GATEWOOD : : Appellant : No. 3264 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 15, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0633591-1982
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JULY 09, 2019
Appellant, Billy Gatewood, appeals pro se from the September 15, 2017
order denying as untimely, his ninth petition filed pursuant to the
Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the factual and procedural history as
follows.
In 1982, Appellant was convicted of [m]urder in the [s]econd [d]egree, [r]ape, [r]obbery, [b]urglary and [c]onspiracy [1] [in] the 1979 killing and sexual assault of a seventy-seven year[-]old victim. [The trial court sentenced Appellant to life imprisonment for murder followed by additional concurrent terms of incarceration for rape, robbery, and conspiracy.] Appellant’s cousin and co-conspirator confessed to the murder and testified against Appellant at his trial. The cousin testified that after breaking into the victim’s apartment, Appellant
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b), 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3121, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502, and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, respectively. ____________________________________ * Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. J-S35013-19
raped her and, prior to the killing, both criminals forced a broom handle into the victim’s vagina.
Following the exhaustion of his direct appellate rights, Appellant, for [] most of the last quarter century, has been filing and litigating a series of petitions under the PCRA. The instant PCRA petition is the ninth such petition. After review of the record and the law, this [c]ourt dismissed Appellant’s PCRA petition as untimely on September 15, 2017.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/2019, at 1. This appeal followed.
Although Appellant raises a plethora of claims, we shall focus on those
contentions that implicate the timeliness of Appellant’s petition or any
time-bar exceptions that might apply. In particular, we consider whether the
decisions in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012) or Commonwealth v.
Burton, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa. 2017) support Appellant’s claim that the PCRA
court had jurisdiction over this petition.
When reviewing the denial of a PCRA petition, we must determine whether the PCRA court's order is supported by the record and free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Smith, 181 A.3d 1168, 1174 (Pa. Super. 2018). Generally, we are bound by a PCRA court's credibility determinations. However, with regard to a court's legal conclusions, we apply a de novo standard. Id. However, we first address the timeliness of [Appellant’s] petition, as timeliness is a jurisdictional requisite and may not be altered or disregarded in order to address the merits of a petition. See Commonwealth v. Bennett, 593 Pa. 382, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (2007); see also Commonwealth v. Zeigler, 148 A.3d 849 (Pa. Super. 2016).
Commonwealth v. Lee, 206 A.3d 1, 6 (Pa. Super. 2019). To be considered
timely, a PCRA petition, including a second or subsequent petition, must be
filed within one year of the date that the underlying judgment of sentence
becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “A judgment of sentence is
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deemed final at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review
in the United States Supreme Court and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, or
upon expiration of the time for seeking review. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).”
Lee, 206 A.3d at 6.
Here, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on March 31, 1985.
Thus, Appellant had until April 1, 1986 to file a timely PCRA petition; Appellant
filed the instant PCRA petition on May 31, 2012. Appellant’s petition is
patently untimely. As such, we cannot address the merits of Appellant’s PCRA
petition unless he meets one of the following timeliness exceptions.
(i) The failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or law of the United States;
(ii) The facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.
(iii) The right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).
Appellant seems to argue that he meets the requirements of Section
9545(b)(1)(iii) because of the United States Supreme Court’s decisions in
Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012) and Montgomery v. Louisiana,
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136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).2 It is undisputed that Appellant was 18 years old at
the time of his crimes. He argues, however, that Miller should apply to him
because he is “presumptively recognized as an eighteen (18) [year] old
juvenile [pursuant] to the Mental Health [& Mental] Retardation Act of 1966.”
Appellant’s Brief at VI. Appellant’s argument is unavailing.
This Court has recently and repeatedly rejected arguments that Miller
extends to persons 18 years or older. See Lee, 206 A.3d at 11 (“age is the
sole factor in determining whether Miller applies to overcome the PCRA time-
bar and we decline to extend its categorical holding.”); Commonwealth v.
Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016) (argument that Miller should be
extended to a defendant who was 19 years old at the time of his crimes
because his brain was not yet fully developed did not render a PCRA petition
timely pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii)). Therefore, Appellant’s first
claim fails.
Appellant’s pro se brief is difficult to understand, but also appears to
invoke Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa. 2017), to assert that
his petition is not time-barred. Generally, to qualify for the newly-discovered
facts exception in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii), petitioners must prove that the facts
upon which their claim is based were unknown and could not have been ____________________________________________
2 Miller established that “mandatory life without parole for those under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on ‘cruel and unusual punishments.’” Miller, 567 U.S. at 466 (emphasis added). Thereafter, the Supreme Court of the United States decided in Montgomery that the Miller decision applies retroactively to cases on collateral review. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 732-737.
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discovered previously through the exercise of due diligence. In Burton, the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that incarcerated, pro se, PCRA petitioners
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J-S35013-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : BILLY GATEWOOD : : Appellant : No. 3264 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 15, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0633591-1982
BEFORE: OLSON, J., STABILE, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED JULY 09, 2019
Appellant, Billy Gatewood, appeals pro se from the September 15, 2017
order denying as untimely, his ninth petition filed pursuant to the
Post-Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the factual and procedural history as
follows.
In 1982, Appellant was convicted of [m]urder in the [s]econd [d]egree, [r]ape, [r]obbery, [b]urglary and [c]onspiracy [1] [in] the 1979 killing and sexual assault of a seventy-seven year[-]old victim. [The trial court sentenced Appellant to life imprisonment for murder followed by additional concurrent terms of incarceration for rape, robbery, and conspiracy.] Appellant’s cousin and co-conspirator confessed to the murder and testified against Appellant at his trial. The cousin testified that after breaking into the victim’s apartment, Appellant
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b), 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3121, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502, and 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903, respectively. ____________________________________ * Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court. J-S35013-19
raped her and, prior to the killing, both criminals forced a broom handle into the victim’s vagina.
Following the exhaustion of his direct appellate rights, Appellant, for [] most of the last quarter century, has been filing and litigating a series of petitions under the PCRA. The instant PCRA petition is the ninth such petition. After review of the record and the law, this [c]ourt dismissed Appellant’s PCRA petition as untimely on September 15, 2017.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/16/2019, at 1. This appeal followed.
Although Appellant raises a plethora of claims, we shall focus on those
contentions that implicate the timeliness of Appellant’s petition or any
time-bar exceptions that might apply. In particular, we consider whether the
decisions in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012) or Commonwealth v.
Burton, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa. 2017) support Appellant’s claim that the PCRA
court had jurisdiction over this petition.
When reviewing the denial of a PCRA petition, we must determine whether the PCRA court's order is supported by the record and free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Smith, 181 A.3d 1168, 1174 (Pa. Super. 2018). Generally, we are bound by a PCRA court's credibility determinations. However, with regard to a court's legal conclusions, we apply a de novo standard. Id. However, we first address the timeliness of [Appellant’s] petition, as timeliness is a jurisdictional requisite and may not be altered or disregarded in order to address the merits of a petition. See Commonwealth v. Bennett, 593 Pa. 382, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (2007); see also Commonwealth v. Zeigler, 148 A.3d 849 (Pa. Super. 2016).
Commonwealth v. Lee, 206 A.3d 1, 6 (Pa. Super. 2019). To be considered
timely, a PCRA petition, including a second or subsequent petition, must be
filed within one year of the date that the underlying judgment of sentence
becomes final. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “A judgment of sentence is
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deemed final at the conclusion of direct review, including discretionary review
in the United States Supreme Court and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, or
upon expiration of the time for seeking review. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3).”
Lee, 206 A.3d at 6.
Here, Appellant’s judgment of sentence became final on March 31, 1985.
Thus, Appellant had until April 1, 1986 to file a timely PCRA petition; Appellant
filed the instant PCRA petition on May 31, 2012. Appellant’s petition is
patently untimely. As such, we cannot address the merits of Appellant’s PCRA
petition unless he meets one of the following timeliness exceptions.
(i) The failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or law of the United States;
(ii) The facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.
(iii) The right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(i)-(iii).
Appellant seems to argue that he meets the requirements of Section
9545(b)(1)(iii) because of the United States Supreme Court’s decisions in
Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012) and Montgomery v. Louisiana,
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136 S.Ct. 718 (2016).2 It is undisputed that Appellant was 18 years old at
the time of his crimes. He argues, however, that Miller should apply to him
because he is “presumptively recognized as an eighteen (18) [year] old
juvenile [pursuant] to the Mental Health [& Mental] Retardation Act of 1966.”
Appellant’s Brief at VI. Appellant’s argument is unavailing.
This Court has recently and repeatedly rejected arguments that Miller
extends to persons 18 years or older. See Lee, 206 A.3d at 11 (“age is the
sole factor in determining whether Miller applies to overcome the PCRA time-
bar and we decline to extend its categorical holding.”); Commonwealth v.
Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016) (argument that Miller should be
extended to a defendant who was 19 years old at the time of his crimes
because his brain was not yet fully developed did not render a PCRA petition
timely pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii)). Therefore, Appellant’s first
claim fails.
Appellant’s pro se brief is difficult to understand, but also appears to
invoke Commonwealth v. Burton, 158 A.3d 618 (Pa. 2017), to assert that
his petition is not time-barred. Generally, to qualify for the newly-discovered
facts exception in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii), petitioners must prove that the facts
upon which their claim is based were unknown and could not have been ____________________________________________
2 Miller established that “mandatory life without parole for those under the age of 18 at the time of their crimes violates the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on ‘cruel and unusual punishments.’” Miller, 567 U.S. at 466 (emphasis added). Thereafter, the Supreme Court of the United States decided in Montgomery that the Miller decision applies retroactively to cases on collateral review. Montgomery, 136 S.Ct. at 732-737.
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discovered previously through the exercise of due diligence. In Burton, the
Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that incarcerated, pro se, PCRA petitioners
are not subject to a presumption that information that is of public record
cannot be “unknown” for purposes of Section 9545(b)(1)(ii).
Appellant contends that his court-appointed defense attorney at trial
had a conflict of interest which rendered him incapable of providing effective
assistance. Specifically, Appellant alleges that his defense attorney at trial,
Attorney Canuso, was also the assistant district attorney who negotiated
Appellant’s cousin and co-conspirator’s plea agreement regarding the rape and
murder involved herein. There is some support in the record for this
contention.3
Appellant argues that Attorney Canuso’s involvement in this case as an
assistant district attorney constitutes a “newly discovered fact,” and that
Burton excuses his delay in discovering that information. Appellant thus
maintains that jurisdiction exists under the Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) timeliness
exception. Appellant’s argument is meritless.
Appellant first raised issues about Attorney Canuso’s conflict of interest
in 2003.4 Thus, it was certainly not “newly discovered” in 2012 when ____________________________________________
3Appellant’s Exhibit “B” purports to be the timekeeping sheets of his cousin’s court-appointed attorney, which make multiple references to “ADA Canuso.”
4 He argues that he received additional new information in 2006 from “an anonymous whistle-blower” but admits that he filed a previous PCRA petition (his eighth PCRA petition, filed October 10, 2006) based on that information.
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Appellant filed his petition in the instant matter.5 Appellant appears to be
under the impression that because of Burton, his original failure to discover
this fact is excused and his claim should now be reviewed on the merits.
Appellant, however, has not introduced any information that was not included
in either of his two prior PCRA petitions, filed and dismissed more than a
decade ago. Therefore, on its face, his claim does not meet the requirements
of Section 9545(b)(1)(ii).
In his brief, Appellant asserts that Burton, “gave [Appellant] another
chance to assert his…conflict of interest[] claim[.]” Appellant’s Brief at 6. If
Appellant seeks to invoke Section 9545(b)(1)(iii) by citing Burton, he is
mistaken. This Court, in Commonwealth v. Kretchmar, 189 A.3d 459, 464
(Pa. Super. 2018), held that Burton did not establish a new constitutional
right or a watershed rule of criminal procedure. Thus, Burton does not afford
Appellant any relief. The PCRA court was correct in finding it lacked
Appellant’s Brief at 5. This court affirmed the dismissal of that petition as untimely on May 20, 2009. Commonwealth v. Gatewood, 976 A.2d 1202 (Pa. Super. 2009) (judgment order).
5 In affirming the denial of Appellant’s seventh PCRA petition, filed September 16, 2003, which alleged Attorney Canuso’s conflict of interest, this Court stated, “[Appellant] has failed to establish that any of this information was not available through the exercise of due diligence by, at the latest, the time of his first collateral petition. Attorney Canuso’s prior employment was a matter of public record[.]” Commonwealth v. Gatewood, 3662 EDA 2003 (Pa. Super. 2005) (unpublished memorandum). Moreover, this Court opined that Appellant “failed to establish that this evidence, if presented at trial, would have produced a different result.” Id.
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jurisdiction to address Appellant’s claims because he has not established that
a timeliness exception applies.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 7/9/19
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