J. S03004/16
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION – SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA
v. :
:
KEVIN DOUGLAS BROWN, : No. 527 EDA 2015 :
Appellant :
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence, February 6, 2015, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No. CP-51-CR-0009758-2013
BEFORE: FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E., OTT AND JENKINS, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.: FILED MARCH 03, 2016 Kevin Douglas Brown appeals from the judgment of sentence of February 6, 2015. We affirm.
The trial court convicted appellant of possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver, criminal conspiracy, and a violation of the Uniform Firearms Act1 on July 23, 2014. On February 6, 2015, the trial court sentenced appellant to an aggregate term of five to ten years’ imprisonment. Appellant filed post-sentence motions, which the trial court denied on February 18, 2015. This timely appeal followed.
Appellant raises the following issues for our review:
1. Was the evidence insufficient as a matter of law such that no reasonable factfinder could
1 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30); 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 903(c) and 6105(a)(1), respectively.
J. S03004/16
have found Mr. Brown guilty of Possession with Intent to Deliver beyond a reasonable doubt where there was no evidence of record that Kevin Brown was involved in any narcotics transaction nor were any narcotics recovered from him[?]
2. Was the evidence insufficient as a matter of law such that no reasonable factfinder could have found Mr. Brown guilty of Possession of a Firearm beyond a reasonable doubt when the only evidence presented on the record was that Kevin Brown went into a room of a house where a firearm was ultimately recovered[?]
3. Was the verdict of guilty against the weight of the evidence because there was uncontradicted testimony from defense witness Dawn Stinger that Kevin Brown did not live in the front room of the residence where the firearm and drug paraphernalia were found[?]
Appellant’s brief at 9.
Having determined, after careful review, that the Honorable Daniel J.
Anders, in his Rule 1925(a) opinion of June 17, 2015, ably and comprehensively disposes of appellant’s issues on appeal, with appropriate reference to the record and without legal error, we will affirm on the basis of that opinion.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
3
J. S03004/16
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 3/3/2016
Circulated 02/16/2016 03:12 PM
fN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS F PHILADELPHIA COUNTY FTRST JUDlCIAL DlSTRJCT F PENNSYLVANIA TRIAL DJVISION - RIMINAL
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSY L V ANlA CP-5 l-CR-0009758-2013
vs. 527 EDA 2015 FILED JUN 1 7 2015
KEVTN BROWN Criminal Appeals Unit
OPINIO First Judicial District of PJ Following a waiver trial, Defendant Kevin Br wn was convicted of possession of a
controlled substance with the intent to deliver ("PW "), criminal conspiracy, and one violation of the Uniform Firearms Act. The trial court imposed guideline sentence of 5 to IO years of incarceration for the convictions. On appeal, Defend· t argues that: (I) the evidence was insufficient to support the convictions; and (2) the ver ict was against the weight of the evidence. For the reasons stated below, the Superior Court shoul affirm the judgment of sentence.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND On July 9, 2013, Philadelphia Police Officer R nald McCutcheon conducted a drug
surveillance of 1457 West Chew Street in Philadelphia Officer McCutcheon gave a confidential mformant (·'Cl'') $20 in pre-recorded buy money and i istructed tbe CI to attempt to make a narcotics purchase from a house located at 1457 West hew Street. Officer McCutcheon observed the Cf knock on the door. engage in a brief c nvcrsation with an unidentified person, enter the property and then exit the property two rninut ·s later. The CJ returned to Officer McCutcheon and provided him with two clear Ziploc p ckets containing crack cocaine. N.T. 07/11/2014 at 9-10.
On July I 0, 20 J 3, Officer McCutcheon gave th CI $20 in pre-recorded buy money and instructed the Cl to attempt to make a narcoucs purchas from the same house. Office, McCutcheon observed the Cl knock on the front door, igage in a brief conversation with a
2
black female, enter the property and then exit the pro eny two minutes later. The Cl returned to Officer McCutcheon and provided him with two or e-tinted Ziploc packets containing crack cocaine Id. al I I -12.
On July 12, 2013, Officer McCutcheon gave t e CI $20 in pre-recorded buy money and instructed the Cl lo attempt to make a narcotics purch e from the same house. Officer McCutcheon observed the CI engage in a brief conve ation with a black male later identified as Charles Graves, who was sining on the front steps of e house. The Cl gave Graves the $20 in pre-recorded buy money. Graves entered the property d then exited the property two minutes later. Graves provided the CI with small objects in ah d-to-hand transaction. The Cl returned 10 Officer McCutcheon and provided him with one p le-tinted Ziploc packet containing crack cocaine. Id. at 14-17.
Approximately ten to fifteen minutes later, Of cer McCutcheon executed a search warrant that they had obtained earlier in the day based pon the July 9th and July l 0th narcotics transactions. Upon entering the house, officers stopped Charles Graves in the kitchen and arrested rum. Two or three females were on the first f1 r, but were not arrested. Id. at 13, 20-21.
Officer Weaver participated in the execution of he search warrant of 1457 Chew Avenue. She was the first police officer to go to the sec nd floor. When she arrived on the second floor, she observed Defendant coming out of a athroom either wearing a towel or completely naked. Defendant asked Officer Weaver if could get dressed, to which she said he could. Defendant then walked into the front bedroom. fficer Weaver followed him into the front bedroom and allowed him lo get dressed. Defend rt dressed himself with clothes from the front bedroom Officer Weaver did not take or bring De endant to the front bedroom; rather, she followed him into the bedroom that he chose to enter. I. at 32-JJ, 37-40, 46.
Police recovered $1,587 from this front bedr m, including the $20 in pre-recorded buy money that was used by the CJ less than 15 minutes arlier to purchase narcotics. The$ J ,587 was in the following denominations: one $50 bill, tw Ive $20 bills, fourteen $10 bills, 14 $5 bills and 947 $1 bills. Police also recovered the following terns from the front bedroom where Defendant was arrested: two bags containing new an used narcotics packaging, a digital scale, a letter addressed to Defendant, and a .25 caliber Titan erniautornatic firearm loaded with two live rounds. The letter was recovered from on top of the dresser; the packaging, scale. and firearm were recovered from mside a closet located in the bed oom; and the firearm was recovered from inside a shoebox that was one of several shoeboxes st eked in the closet. The front bedroom contained men's clothing and toiletries; there was no male clothing in the bedroom. N.T. 07/11/2014 al 24-27, 40-44, 48; N.T. 07/18/2014 at 6-
After he was arrested, Defendant told police of icers that he resided al 1457 Chew Avenue. Defendant was never observed engaging in y narcotics transactions on July 9, 2013, July 10, 2013, or July 12, 2013 N.T 07/11/2014 at 28 29, 35.
Defense counsel presented the testimony of Da Stinger, who testified that Defendant had Just returned from work and was taking a shower u stairs when police executed the search warrant. According to Stinger, Graves used the front b room and Defendant used the rear bedroom. Id. at 59-60.
The trial court chose to credit the testimony of lice Officer Weaver based upon her demeanor and manner of testifying. N.T. 07/23/2014 at . The trial court did not automatically credit her testimony based upon her status as a police o cer, but chose to credit her testimony in light of the totality of circumstances See Commonwealt v. Harrison, 323 A.2d 72 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1974) (holding that to presume that any police office called by the Commonwealth is
truthful constitutes "such a display of partiality as to con titute basic and fundamental error").
-J-
4
DISCUSSION There Is Sufficient Evidence To Su rt The Convictions Defendant asserts that the evidence was insuf icient to support the PWID and VUF A convictions. Appellate courts review claims regardi the sufficiency of the evidence by considenng whether, viewing all the evidence admitt d at trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there is sufficient evidence to enable e fact-finder lo find every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Commonwealth v. radley, 69 A.3d 253, 255 (Pa. Super. Ct. 20 J 3). The appellate court must evaluate the entire re ord and consider all evidence actually received. Id. Further, a conviction may be sustained holly on circumstantial evidence, and the trier of fact-while passing on the credibility of thew tnesses and the weight of the evidence-is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence. Id. In conducting this review, the appellate court may not weigh the evidence and substitute its judgme t for the fact-finder. Id.
a. There Ts Sufficient Evidence T Su ort The PWID Conviction To support Defendant's PWlD conviction, the ommonwealth must have proved beyond a reasonable doubt that: (1) Defendant possessed a co trolled substance; and (2) he possessed it with the intent to deliver. Commonwealth v. Bricker, 8 2 A.2d l 008, l 015 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2005 ). Possession with intent to deliver can be inferred from he quantity of the drugs possessed, the manner in which they are individually packaged, the b havior of the defendant, and other circumstances, such as a Jack of drug user paraphemal a and the reputation of the area for narcotic sales activity /11 the Interest of Evans, 717 A .. d 542, 546 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1998); Commonwealth v. Ratsamy, 934 A.2d 1233, 1239 (Pa. 007).
Here. there is sufficient evidence to establish b yond a reasonable doubt that Defendant possessed the narcotics. Where, as here, the def end an is not found with contraband on his person, the Commonwealth must show that he had co structive possession of the seized items,
5
which has been defined as the "ability and intent to sxercise control over the substance."
Commonwealth v. Hutchinson. 947 A.2d 800, 806 ( a. Super. Ct. 2008). Constructive possession is defined as "conscious dominion;" whi h itself is defined as, the power to control the contraband and the intent to exercise that control Commonwealth v, Mudrick, 507 A.2d 1212, 1213 (Pa. 1986). Constructive possession may be established by the totality of the circumstances. Id An inference of constructive poss ssion arises from a set of facts that Defendant's possession was more likely than not. C imonwealth v. Macolino, 318 A.2d 132, 134 (Pa. l 983). "Individually, the circumstances ma not be decisive; but in combination, they may justify an inference that the accused had both th power to control and the intent to exercise that control. . " Commonwealth v. DeCampli, 364 .2d 454, 456 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1976). A defendant's movement and behavior observed by pol ce, in addition to the fact that contraband was found within the area of defendant's immediate ntrol, establishes constructive possession. Commonwealth v, Stembridge, 579 A.2d 01, 903 (Pa. Super. CL 1990);
Commonwealth v. Ortega, 539 A.2d 849, 851 (Pa. Su er. Ct. 1988).
Here, there is sufficient evidence to prove beyo d a reasonable doubt that Defendant constructively possessed the cocaine. The trial court er ·dited the testimony of Officer Weaver that the cocaine was discovered in the front bedroom ere Defendant brought the officers and where Defendant changed into his clothing. Defendant as the only occupant of the room at the time of the search, and Defendant admitted that he live in the house. The room was a private bedroom and was not a common area The letter recove ed from the same room addressed to Defendant, along wuh the male cloth mg, male toi letrie and absence of female clothing, led the fact-finder to believe beyond a reasonable doubt that th s was Defendant's room. Further, the trial court discredited Stinger's testimony about which om belonged to Defendant because her statements were inconsistent with the weight of the othe evidence produced at trial. See
Commonwealth v Walker, 874 A.2d 667, 678 (Pa. S per. Ct. 2005) (finding that a defendant constructively possessed drugs and guns found in bas ment of residence where: (1) the basement contained three rooms: a bedroom with a closet, a bat oorn, and an office filled with drugs and guns; (2) the bedroom closet contained men's clothin ; (3) mail addressed 10 the defendant was found in the office; (4) after being arrested defendant equested to retrieve his shin and his shoes from the bedroom; and (5) defendant adrrutled that he resided at residence).
Here, there is sufficient evidence to prove bey nd a reasonable doubt that Defendant possessed the cocaine, and that he possessed it with t e intent to deliver based on; ( 1) the large amount of money-$1,587 in cash, including the pre recorded buy money recovered from the front bedroom; (2) the denominations of the recovere money: one $50 bill, twelve $20 bills, fourteen $IO bills, 14 $5 bills, and 947 $1 bills; (3) t at Defendant voluntarily and freely led police into the front bedroom where the money, the g n, and the scale were found; (4) the scale recovered along with the new and used packaging; (5 the buy money from that same day was recovered in Defendant's room; (6) Defendant told th officers that he resided at the house, and (7) the letter addressed lo Defendant recovered from n top of the dresser. Expert testimony about the denominations of the recovered money was unnecessary in this case because the fact- finder could use common sense to determine whether the substantial amount cash recovered was circumstantial evidence of Defendant's intent 10 eliver. See Commonwealth v. Baker, 72 A.3d 652 (Pa. Super Ct 2013) (concluding that expe t testimony was unnecessary because of the other evidence in the case. including baggies, ove $2,300 in cash recovered with the drugs, and pre-recorded buy money).
Based on the foregoing, there was sufficient e idence at trial to support the PWID convicuon
-6·
7
b.
Defendant asserts that the evidence was msuf icient to support the VVF A convrcuon under J 8 Pa C S § 6105 To sustain a conviction und r Section 6105, there must be sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that De endant possessed a firearm and that he was convicted of an enumerated offense that prohibited h · from possessing, using, controlling, or transferring a firearm Secuon 6105 defines "firearm' as any weapon that rs "designed 10 or may readily be converted to expel any projectile by the ac ion of an explosive or the frame or receiver of any such weapon " I 8 Pa C. S § 6 I 05; Commonw /ch v. Thomas, 988 A.2d 669, 670 (Pa. Super. Ct 2009)
Here, because Defendant did not pliystcallv p ssess the firearm, the Commonwealth must have proven beyond a reasonable doubt that Defend t constructively possessed the firearm. For the same reasons discussed supra at 4-6, there is suffi rent evidence lo prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant constructively posse sed the firearm. See Walker, 874 A.2d al 678 Based on the foregoing, it was reasonable for he trial court to conclude that Defendant construcnvely possessed the firearm, i.e.. he had the power and intent to exercise control over 1L Also, Defendant stipulated that he was prohibited fr m possessing a firearm under Section 6105 and that the firearm w as operable. N.T. 07/1112014 l 52-53 Viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the Commonwealth, there rs suffi icnt direct and circumstantial evidence to support the VUFA conviction.
2. The Verdict Was Not A ainst The We ht Of The Evidence Defendant asserts that the verdict was against he weight of the evidence as to the PWID conviction. When evaluating the weight of the evide ce, the standard of review is as follows:
The weight of the evidence rs exclusiv ly for the finder of fact who JS free lo believe all, part, or none oft e evidence and to determine the credibi lity of the witnesses. appellate court cannot substitute rts judgment for that of t e finder of fact. Thus [the Superior Court] may only reverse the lower court's verdict if it is so contrary to the evidence as to sh ck one's sense of justice.
Moreover, where the trial court has ruled on the weight claim below, an appellate court's role is no to consider the underlying question of whether the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, Rather, appellate review is limited lo whether the trial court palpably abused its discretion in uling on the weight claim.
Commonwealth v. Champney, 832 A.2d 403, 408 (Pa. 2003).
1n light of the overwhelming evidence as sun arized above, the verdict is not contrary to the evidence and does not shock one's sense of justice CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, the judgment of sente ce should be affirmed .
'>.
T
RS, JUDGE
Dated. June 17, 2015
,g_