J-S14012-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JAMES BROWN : : Appellant : No. 3357 EDA 2016 :
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 23, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0004247-2015
BEFORE: OTT, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and RANSOM, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED MAY 15, 2018
James Brown appeals, pro se, from the order entered on September 23,
2016, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, denying him
relief, without a hearing, on his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. § 9541 et seq. In this timely appeal, Brown
raises a number of arguments, some of which seem to relate to his claim that
his guilty plea and sentence are, in some manner, illegal under Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013). Other claims appear to find fault with
the denial of his petition without a hearing. Appointed counsel filed a
Turner/Finley1 no merit letter with the PCRA court and was released from
____________________________________________
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988). J-S14012-18
representation. Subsequently, the PCRA court, following proper notice
pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P 907, dismissed the petition without a hearing. After
a thorough review of Appellant’s brief,2 relevant law, and the certified record,
we affirm.
On July 14, 2015, Brown waived his right to a jury trial and pled guilty
to robbery, possession of an instrument of crime and VUFA.3 This was a
negotiated plea, i.e., in exchange for pleading guilty, nine other charges
against Brown were nolle prossed and an agreed upon sentence of 10 to 20
years’ incarceration followed by 5 years’ probation was imposed.4 Had Brown
gone to trial, he faced a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years to life
imprisonment based upon his status as a repeat offender.5 See 42 Pa.C.S. §
9714.
In his PCRA petition, Brown argued that his sentence was illegal under
Alleyne, supra. In his Turner/Finley no-merit letter, PCRA counsel
2 The Commonwealth opted not to file a brief in this matter.
3 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1), 907(a), and 6105(a)(1).
4 The victim in this matter owed Brown money for yard work Brown had performed. Apparently tired of waiting to be paid, Brown approached the victim who was sitting on his own front steps. Brown produced a handgun, demanded payment, and fired a shot toward the victim. The bullet struck the concrete front steps. The victim produced $33.00, which he gave to Brown, who then left. Brown was 70 years old at the time.
5 Brown’s prior record score pursuant to the sentencing guidelines was the highest category possible – REVOC – Repeat Violent Offender Category. See N.T. Guilty Plea, 7/14/2014, at 22.
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correctly stated that Alleyne does not apply to situations wherein the
mandatory minimum sentence is based upon prior convictions. See Alleyne,
133 S.Ct. at 2160 n. 1; Commonwealth v. Reid, 117 A.3d 777 (Pa. Super.
2015). The PCRA court conducted an independent review of the certified
record and agreed with PCRA counsel that no meritorious claims were present.
Accordingly, the PCRA court denied the petition, following proper notice,
without a hearing. Brown did not obtain private counsel to replace appointed
PCRA counsel and did not amend his petition. However, in his appellant’s
brief, Brown altered his argument to claim trial counsel was ineffective for
coercing him into pleading guilty under the threat of an illegal mandatory
minimum sentence.
We begin by noting: “Our standard of review of a PCRA court's dismissal
of a PCRA petition is limited to examining whether the PCRA court's
determination is supported by the record evidence and free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Root, 179 A.3d 511, 515-16 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation
omitted).
Further, regarding review where counsel has filed a Turner/Finley no-
merit letter, we are cognizant of the requirement that the court in which the
Turner/Finley no-merit letter is filed conduct its own independent review of
the record. See Commonwealth v. Reed, 107 A.3d 137, 140 (Pa. Super.
2014) (The necessary independent review requires counsel to file a “no-merit”
letter detailing the nature and extent of his review and list each issue the
petitioner wishes to have examined, explaining why those issues are
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meritless. The PCRA court, or an appellate court, if the no-merit letter is filed
before it, see Turner, supra, then must conduct its own independent
evaluation of the record and agree with counsel that the petition is without
merit....). Instantly, both PCRA counsel and the PCRA court have
independently reviewed the record.
As noted above, PCRA counsel addressed the sole issue raised in
Brown’s PCRA petition, namely, that his sentence was illegal pursuant to
Alleyne, supra. PCRA counsel correctly noted that Alleyne does not apply
where the mandatory minimum sentence has been imposed based upon the
fact of prior convictions.6 Further, and equally important, PCRA counsel noted ____________________________________________
6Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 2160 n.1 (2013). See also, Commonwealth v. Reid, 117 A.3d 777 (Pa. Super. 2105).
In Alleyne, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Sixth Amendment requires that any fact—other than a prior conviction—that increases a mandatory minimum sentence for an offense must be submitted to the jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Importantly, Alleyne did not overturn prior precedent that prior convictions are sentencing factors and not elements of offenses. Alleyne, 133 S.Ct. at 2160 n. 1; see also Alemendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 243-44, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 1230-31, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998).
Section 9714 increases mandatory minimum sentences based on prior convictions. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9714(a)(1). Accordingly, this section is not unconstitutional under Alleyne. See Alleyne, supra; see also Commonwealth v. Akbar, 91 A.3d 227, 239 n. 9 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal granted and order vacated on other grounds, --- Pa. ----, 111 A.3d 168 (2015).
Id. at 784-85.
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that Brown did not receive a mandatory sentence. In fact, as part of the plea
agreement, the Commonwealth agreed to forego application of the mandatory
sentence otherwise applicable pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9714. PCRA counsel
averred he had reviewed the certified record and found no other meritorious
issues. The PCRA court reviewed the no-merit letter and the record, and
agreed with PCRA counsel. The petition was dismissed without a hearing and
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J-S14012-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : JAMES BROWN : : Appellant : No. 3357 EDA 2016 :
Appeal from the PCRA Order September 23, 2016 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0004247-2015
BEFORE: OTT, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and RANSOM, J.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED MAY 15, 2018
James Brown appeals, pro se, from the order entered on September 23,
2016, in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, denying him
relief, without a hearing, on his petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S. § 9541 et seq. In this timely appeal, Brown
raises a number of arguments, some of which seem to relate to his claim that
his guilty plea and sentence are, in some manner, illegal under Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013). Other claims appear to find fault with
the denial of his petition without a hearing. Appointed counsel filed a
Turner/Finley1 no merit letter with the PCRA court and was released from
____________________________________________
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988). J-S14012-18
representation. Subsequently, the PCRA court, following proper notice
pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P 907, dismissed the petition without a hearing. After
a thorough review of Appellant’s brief,2 relevant law, and the certified record,
we affirm.
On July 14, 2015, Brown waived his right to a jury trial and pled guilty
to robbery, possession of an instrument of crime and VUFA.3 This was a
negotiated plea, i.e., in exchange for pleading guilty, nine other charges
against Brown were nolle prossed and an agreed upon sentence of 10 to 20
years’ incarceration followed by 5 years’ probation was imposed.4 Had Brown
gone to trial, he faced a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years to life
imprisonment based upon his status as a repeat offender.5 See 42 Pa.C.S. §
9714.
In his PCRA petition, Brown argued that his sentence was illegal under
Alleyne, supra. In his Turner/Finley no-merit letter, PCRA counsel
2 The Commonwealth opted not to file a brief in this matter.
3 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1), 907(a), and 6105(a)(1).
4 The victim in this matter owed Brown money for yard work Brown had performed. Apparently tired of waiting to be paid, Brown approached the victim who was sitting on his own front steps. Brown produced a handgun, demanded payment, and fired a shot toward the victim. The bullet struck the concrete front steps. The victim produced $33.00, which he gave to Brown, who then left. Brown was 70 years old at the time.
5 Brown’s prior record score pursuant to the sentencing guidelines was the highest category possible – REVOC – Repeat Violent Offender Category. See N.T. Guilty Plea, 7/14/2014, at 22.
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correctly stated that Alleyne does not apply to situations wherein the
mandatory minimum sentence is based upon prior convictions. See Alleyne,
133 S.Ct. at 2160 n. 1; Commonwealth v. Reid, 117 A.3d 777 (Pa. Super.
2015). The PCRA court conducted an independent review of the certified
record and agreed with PCRA counsel that no meritorious claims were present.
Accordingly, the PCRA court denied the petition, following proper notice,
without a hearing. Brown did not obtain private counsel to replace appointed
PCRA counsel and did not amend his petition. However, in his appellant’s
brief, Brown altered his argument to claim trial counsel was ineffective for
coercing him into pleading guilty under the threat of an illegal mandatory
minimum sentence.
We begin by noting: “Our standard of review of a PCRA court's dismissal
of a PCRA petition is limited to examining whether the PCRA court's
determination is supported by the record evidence and free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Root, 179 A.3d 511, 515-16 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citation
omitted).
Further, regarding review where counsel has filed a Turner/Finley no-
merit letter, we are cognizant of the requirement that the court in which the
Turner/Finley no-merit letter is filed conduct its own independent review of
the record. See Commonwealth v. Reed, 107 A.3d 137, 140 (Pa. Super.
2014) (The necessary independent review requires counsel to file a “no-merit”
letter detailing the nature and extent of his review and list each issue the
petitioner wishes to have examined, explaining why those issues are
-3- J-S14012-18
meritless. The PCRA court, or an appellate court, if the no-merit letter is filed
before it, see Turner, supra, then must conduct its own independent
evaluation of the record and agree with counsel that the petition is without
merit....). Instantly, both PCRA counsel and the PCRA court have
independently reviewed the record.
As noted above, PCRA counsel addressed the sole issue raised in
Brown’s PCRA petition, namely, that his sentence was illegal pursuant to
Alleyne, supra. PCRA counsel correctly noted that Alleyne does not apply
where the mandatory minimum sentence has been imposed based upon the
fact of prior convictions.6 Further, and equally important, PCRA counsel noted ____________________________________________
6Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 2160 n.1 (2013). See also, Commonwealth v. Reid, 117 A.3d 777 (Pa. Super. 2105).
In Alleyne, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Sixth Amendment requires that any fact—other than a prior conviction—that increases a mandatory minimum sentence for an offense must be submitted to the jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Importantly, Alleyne did not overturn prior precedent that prior convictions are sentencing factors and not elements of offenses. Alleyne, 133 S.Ct. at 2160 n. 1; see also Alemendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 243-44, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 1230-31, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998).
Section 9714 increases mandatory minimum sentences based on prior convictions. See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9714(a)(1). Accordingly, this section is not unconstitutional under Alleyne. See Alleyne, supra; see also Commonwealth v. Akbar, 91 A.3d 227, 239 n. 9 (Pa. Super. 2014), appeal granted and order vacated on other grounds, --- Pa. ----, 111 A.3d 168 (2015).
Id. at 784-85.
-4- J-S14012-18
that Brown did not receive a mandatory sentence. In fact, as part of the plea
agreement, the Commonwealth agreed to forego application of the mandatory
sentence otherwise applicable pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9714. PCRA counsel
averred he had reviewed the certified record and found no other meritorious
issues. The PCRA court reviewed the no-merit letter and the record, and
agreed with PCRA counsel. The petition was dismissed without a hearing and
without any further filings from Brown.
Also as noted above, on appeal Brown has amended his claims. The
PCRA court has stated in its Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) opinion that these claims are
waived, as they were not raised in his PCRA petition. 7 See PCRA Court
Opinion, 7/31/2017, at 3. We agree.
Although none of the issues raised in Brown’s brief have been preserved,
we note our agreement with the PCRA court, which briefly explained why
Brown’s arguments, even had they been preserved, were without merit.
Brown’s first two claims are of ineffective assistance of counsel and relate to
the alleged failure of counsel to properly investigate Alleyne and thereby ____________________________________________
7 We are not listing Brown’s questions as stated in his appellant’s brief because they are not clearly rendered. For example, Question Two states:
Whether PCRA counsel was ineffective in failing to act in investigating the facts and surrounding circumstances as to Appellant’s charged crimes, for purposes of rendering effective assistance to Appellant at that stage of his proceedings?
Appellant’s Brief at iii.
It is not until reading the argument itself that one discerns he complains that Alleyne was not applied to his case.
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improperly recommend Brown accept the plea agreement rather than face the
prospect of the lengthy mandatory minimum sentence. We have already
discussed that Alleyne does not apply to Brown’s situation; therefore, any
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel regarding Alleyne fails.
Brown’s third and fourth arguments appear to argue the PCRA court
denied him due process by failing to permit him to file an amended PCRA
petition raising the ineffective assistance claims. The PCRA court correctly
noted that Brown never asked the PCRA court for leave to file an amended
petition and was given the opportunity to file additional claims after the
Turner/Finley no-merit letter was served as well as when he was notified
that, pursuant to Rule 907, his petition was going to be denied without a
hearing.
In light of the foregoing, Brown is not entitled to relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 5/15/18
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