Com. v. Anderson, I.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: November 29, 2023
• Docket: 2842 EDA 2022
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

J-A21029-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : v. : : : ISAIAH ANDERSON : : Appellant : No. 2842 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered May 20, 2022 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0007955-2019

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., DUBOW, J., and NICHOLS, J.

MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 29, 2023

Appellant, Isaiah Anderson, appeals from the December 16, 2022

Judgment of Sentence entered in the Philadelphia County Court of Common

Pleas following his open guilty plea to Burglary, Strangulation, and Unlawful

Restraint.1 Appellant’s counsel, James Lloyd, Esquire, has filed a Petition to

Withdraw as Counsel and an Anders2 Brief, to which Appellant has filed a

response. Upon review, we grant counsel’s Petition to Withdraw and affirm

Appellant’s Judgment of Sentence.

A.

We glean the following facts from the Commonwealth’s recitation during

Appellant’s plea hearing and the certified record:

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1 18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3502(a)(1)(i), 2718(a)(1), and 2902(a)(1).

2 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). J-A21029-23

[O]n September 22, 2019, the complainant, a Ms. Frannie Poland, was at her home on the 1100 block of Ruby Street in the city and county of Philadelphia. Around 9 p.m., she went to go upstairs to bed. At the top of the stairs, she saw [Appellant]. He was completely naked. He came down the steps. He pushed her down, lifted up her shirt, touched her breasts, and straddled her. He put his hand over her mouth. She was able to get him off of her. She screamed. And the neighbors called the police. There was no permission for [Appellant] to enter her home.

N.T. Guilty Plea H’rg, 12/17/21, at 9.

The Commonwealth arrested Appellant and charged him with, inter alia,

Burglary, Strangulation, and Unlawful Restraint. On December 17, 2021,

Appellant, represented by Jason Kadish, Esquire, entered an open guilty plea

to one count each of the above offenses.3 During the plea hearing, the court

reviewed Appellant’s written plea colloquy and completed a verbal plea

colloquy. On the written colloquy, the Commonwealth indicated that

Appellant’s prior record score (“PRS”) was 3 and that the offense gravity

scores (“OGS”) for Burglary and Strangulation were both 9, for a standard

guideline range sentence of 30 to 42 months, plus or minus 12 months, on

each charge. The court did not discuss the sentencing guidelines during the

verbal colloquy but informed Appellant that the maximum possible sentence

was 35 years of incarceration. The court ordered presentence and mental

health reports, and deferred sentencing.

3 In exchange, the Commonwealth agreed to nolle pros the remaining charges,

which were Criminal Attempt—Rape, Criminal Trespass, Indecent Assault— Forcible Compulsion, Indecent Exposure, Simple Assault, Recklessly Endangering Another Person, False Imprisonment, Criminal Attempt—Sexual Assault, and Indecent Assault—Without Consent.

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On May 20, 2022, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. At the

hearing, the Commonwealth clarified that the proper OGS for Burglary was

10,4 resulting in a guideline range of 42 to 54 months, plus or minus 12

months. The court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 7 to 20 years

of incarceration, followed by 10 years of probation.5

On May 31, 2022, Appellant filed a post-sentence motion seeking

reconsideration of his sentence. He did not challenge his guilty plea. On

October 28, 2022, the court denied the motion, permitted Attorney Kadish to

withdraw, and appointed James Lloyd, Esquire as appellate counsel.

This timely appeal followed. Both Appellant and the trial court have

complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.

B.

On May 19, 2023, Attorney Lloyd filed an Anders Brief. On June 16,

2023, Appellant filed a response to the Anders Brief.

In the Anders Brief, counsel indicated that Appellant wished to raise

the following issues on appeal:

1. Was the sentence imposed upon [Appellant] by the lower court manifestly excessive?

4 Burglary has an offense gravity score of 10 when (1) a person is present and

(2) the crime a defendant intended to commit is a “bodily injury” crime. 204 Pa. Code § 303.15. “Bodily injury” crimes include any offense under Chapter 27 or 29 or the Crimes Code. 18 Pa.C.S. § 3502(e). Here, Appellant pled guilty to committing a crime under both Chapter 27 (Strangulation) and Chapter 29 (Unlawful Restraint) of the Crimes Code.

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2. Is the guilty plea in this matter valid – that is, should [Appellant] be permitted to withdraw his guilty plea?

3. Did plea counsel provide ineffective assistance to [Appellant] causing him to enter a guilty plea that was not knowing, intelligent and voluntary?

Anders Brief at 5.

In Appellant’s response to the Anders Brief, he purports to challenge

the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his Strangulation conviction.

Appellant’s Pro Se Response, 6/16/23, at 1.

C.

When counsel files an Anders Brief, and the appellant files a pro se or

counseled response, this Court will first determine whether counsel has

complied with the dictates of Anders and Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978

A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009). See Commonwealth v. Bennett, 124 A.3d 327, 333

(Pa. Super. 2015) (outlining the proper procedure where counsel files an

Anders Brief and the appellant files a response). If counsel has complied with

Anders and Santiago, we address the issues raised in the Anders Brief.

Bennett, 124 A.3d at 333.

If we determine that those issues are without merit, we examine the

allegations Appellant raised in his pro se reply. Id. We treat this filing as an

advocate’s brief and review it “as we do any advocate’s brief.” Id. We are

mindful that this Court is limited to examining only those issues raised and

developed in the pro se reply. Id. “We do not act as, and are forbidden from

acting as, appellant’s counsel.” Id.

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In interpreting Anders, our Supreme Court in Santiago held that

counsel seeking to withdraw from representing an appellant must file a brief

that: “(1) provide[s] a summary of the procedural history and facts, with

citations to the record; (2) refer[s] to anything in the record that counsel

believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set[s] forth counsel’s conclusion

that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state[s] counsel’s reasons for concluding

that the appeal is frivolous.” Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. In particular,

“[c]ounsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling case law,

and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion that the appeal is

frivolous.” Id.

Counsel’s brief meets the Anders requirements. Additionally, in his

Application to Withdraw, counsel confirms that, on May 19, 2023, he sent

Appellant a copy of the Anders Brief as well as a letter explaining to Appellant

that he has the right to retain new counsel, proceed pro se, or to raise any

additional points. Application to Withdraw as Counsel, 5/19/23, at ¶ 8; App’x

A. See Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 880 (Pa. Super. 2014)

(describing notice requirements).

Having confirmed counsel’s compliance with the above requirements,

we turn to the issues counsel raised in his Anders Brief. We will then address

Appellant’s response to counsel’s Anders Brief.

Issues Raised in Counsel’s Anders Brief

In the Anders brief, counsel indicates Appellant seeks to challenge his

sentence as excessive, thus implicating the discretionary aspects of his

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sentence. Anders Br. at 19. A challenge to the discretionary aspects of a

sentence is not reviewable as a matter of right. Commonwealth v.

Leatherby, 116 A.3d 73, 83 (Pa. Super. 2015). Rather, an appellant

challenging the sentencing court’s discretion must invoke this Court’s

jurisdiction by (1) filing a timely notice of appeal; (2) properly preserving the

issue at sentencing or in a post-sentence motion; (3) complying with Pa.R.A.P.

2119(f), which requires a separate section of the brief setting forth a concise

statement of the reasons relied upon for allowance of appeal with respect to

the discretionary aspects of a sentence; and (4) presenting a substantial

question that the sentence appealed from is not appropriate under the

Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(b). Id.; Commonwealth v. Evans, 901

A.2d 528, 533 (Pa. Super. 2006).

Appellant timely appealed and preserved his claim in a Post-Sentence

Motion. Further, Counsel included a Rule 2119(f) Statement in the Anders

Brief.6 We will proceed, therefore, to consider whether Appellant’s claim

presents a substantial question.

We determine whether a substantial question has been raised on a case-

by-case basis. Commonwealth v. Moury, 992 A.2d 162, 170 (Pa. Super.

2010). “A substantial question exists only when the appellant advances a

colorable argument that the sentencing judge’s actions were either: (1) ____________________________________________

6 Appellant’s counsel included a Statement of Reasons Relied Upon for Allowance of Appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2119(f) in the Anders Brief but stated that he “cannot ethically advance a challenge to the discretionary aspects of the sentence imposed in the instant appeal.” Anders Br. at 35.

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inconsistent with a specific provision of the Sentencing Code; or (2) contrary

to the fundamental norms [that] underlie the sentencing process.” Id.

(citation and quotation marks omitted).

Here, Appellant asserts that the trial court imposed an excessive

sentence because the court either “purported to sentence within the

sentencing guidelines but applied the guidelines erroneously; sentenced

within the [] guidelines but the case involves circumstances where the

application of the guidelines would be clearly unreasonable; or sentenced

outside the [] guidelines and the sentence is unreasonable.” Anders Br. at

31-32.

Generally, “[a] claim that the sentencing court imposed an unreasonable

sentence by sentencing outside the guideline ranges presents a ‘substantial

question’ for our review.” Commonwealth v. Eby, 784 A.2d 204, 206 (Pa.

Super. 2001) (citations omitted); see 42 Pa.C.S. § 9781(c)(3) (providing that

we shall vacate an unreasonable sentence falling outside the guidelines).

Since Appellant asserted that the sentence imposed was “outside the

guidelines” and “unreasonable,” we conclude he has raised a substantial

question. We thus proceed to address the merits of his sentencing challenge.

An appellate court will not disturb the sentencing court’s judgment

absent a manifest abuse of discretion. To constitute an abuse of discretion,

“a sentence must either exceed the statutory limits or be so manifestly

excessive as to constitute an abuse of discretion.” Commonwealth v.

Ahmad, 961 A.2d 884, 887 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citation omitted). To

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demonstrate that the sentencing court abused its discretion, “the appellant

must establish, by reference to the record, that the sentencing court ignored

or misapplied the law, exercised its judgment for reasons of partiality,

prejudice, bias or ill will, or arrived at a manifestly unreasonable decision.”

Commonwealth v. Anderson, 830 A.2d 1013, 1018 (Pa. Super. 2003)

(citation omitted). “As long as the trial court’s reasons demonstrate that it

weighed the Sentencing Guidelines with the facts of the crime and the

defendant’s character in a meaningful fashion, the court’s sentence should not

be disturbed.” Id. at 1018–19. Moreover, “where a sentence is within the

standard range of the guidelines, Pennsylvania law views the sentence as

appropriate under the Sentencing Code.” Moury, 992 A.2d at 171.

In its Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court maintains that each of

Appellant’s sentences were “squarely within the sentencing guidelines

[range].” Trial Ct. Op., 2/14/23, at 7. We agree.

Appellant’s sentence for Burglary is 4 to 10 years’ incarceration followed

by 10 years’ probation. The standard sentencing guideline range, resulting

from a PRS of 3 and an OGS of 10, is 42 to 54 months, or 3½ to 4½ years.

204 Pa. Code § 303.16(a). Therefore, Appellant’s Burglary sentence is within

the standard range.

Appellant’s sentence for Strangulation is 3 to 10 years’ incarceration, to

be served consecutively to the incarceration for Burglary. The standard

guideline range, resulting from a PRS of 3 and an OGS of 9, is 30 to 42 months,

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or 2½ to 3½ years. 204 Pa. Code § 303.16(a). Therefore, Appellant’s

sentence for Strangulation is also within the standard range.

Finally, Appellant’s sentence for Unlawful Restraint is 1 to 2 years’

incarceration, to be served concurrently with his Burglary sentence. The

standard guideline range, resulting from a PRS of 3 and an OGS of 5, is 6 to

16 months. 204 Pa. Code § 303.16(a). Therefore, Appellant’s sentence for

Unlawful Restraint is also within the standard range.

We, thus, agree with counsel that the record does not indicate that the

court applied the guidelines erroneously or sentenced outside of the

guidelines. Instead, our review of the record confirms that the court used the

correct guidelines and sentenced Appellant within the guideline range for all

charges.

With respect to Appellant’s assertion that his sentence is excessive, we

disagree. His sentence is within the standard guideline range. “[W]here

a sentence is within the standard range of the guidelines, Pennsylvania law

views the sentence as appropriate under the Sentencing Code. Moury, 992

A.2d at 171.

Finally, we agree with counsel that nothing in the record indicates that

this case involves circumstances such that it was unreasonable for the trial

court to impose an aggregate sentence of 7-20 years, followed by 10 years’

probation. Anders Br. at 31-32. Here, the sentencing court stated at the

hearing that it considered Appellant’s mental health evaluation and PSI report,

Appellant’s additional mental health documentation, his prior record, the

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complaining witness’s written statement and statement at the sentencing

hearing, the complaining witness’s daughter’s statement, counsels’

arguments, the Sentencing Code, and the facts and circumstances of the case.

N.T. Sentencing, 5/20/22, at 50. We, thus, agree with counsel that

Appellant’s claim that his sentence is excessive is wholly frivolous.

*

Appellant next challenges the validity of his guilty plea and asserts that

he should be permitted to withdraw it. Anders Br. at 35. However, Appellant

failed to preserve this claim for our review.

It is well-settled that when a defendant enters a guilty plea, he “waives

all claims and defenses other than those sounding in the jurisdiction of the

court, the validity of the plea, and what has been termed the ‘legality’ of the

sentence imposed.” Commonwealth v. Prieto, 206 A.3d 529, 533-34 (Pa.

2019) (citation omitted). Moreover, to preserve a challenge to the validity of

the guilty plea, an appellant must either object during the plea colloquy, at

the sentencing hearing, or through post-sentence motions. Commonwealth

v. Monjaras-Amaya, 163 A.3d 466, 468-469 (Pa. Super. 2017). Failure to

do so results in waiver. Id. at 469; Commonwealth v. Tareila, 895 A.2d

1266, 1270 n.3 (Pa. Super. 2006); see also Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not

raised in the lower court are waived and cannot be raised for the first time on

appeal.”).

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Here, Appellant did not preserve a challenge to the validity of his guilty

plea because he failed to raise such a challenge at his plea colloquy,

sentencing, or in his post-sentence motion. He, thus, waived this challenge.

Since Appellant waived this issue, we agree with counsel that it is

frivolous. See Commonwealth v. Tukhi, 149 A.3d 881, 888 (Pa. Super.

2016) (“An issue that is waived is frivolous.”); Commonwealth v. Kalichak,

943 A.2d 285, 291 (Pa. Super. 2008) (“Having been waived, pursuing this

matter on direct appeal is frivolous.”).

Finally, Appellant asserts that plea counsel was ineffective for allowing

him to enter a guilty plea that was not knowing, intelligent, or voluntary.

Anders Br. at 45. Generally, an allegation of ineffective assistance of counsel

may not be considered on direct review. Commonwealth v. Holmes, 79

A.3d 562, 576 (Pa. 2013). Instead, pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act

(“PCRA”),7 a defendant must defer claims of ineffective assistance of counsel

to PCRA review, unless: (1) the claim of ineffectiveness is apparent from the

record and meritorious to the extent that immediate consideration serves the

interest of justice, or (2) there is good cause shown and the defendant has

given a knowing and express waiver of his right to seek subsequent PCRA

review. Id. at 563-64.

7 42 Pa.C.S. §§9541-9546.

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Here, Appellant’s claims do not fall under the limited circumstances in

which ineffective assistance of counsel claims may be reviewed on direct

appeal, and he has not waived his right to seek relief under the PCRA. Anders

Br. at 47. Accordingly, we decline to review them at this juncture.

Issues Raised in Appellant’s Pro Se Response

Appellant filed a pro se response to counsel’s Anders Brief.8 As stated

above, our case law mandates that we treat this reply as an advocate’s brief.

We have reviewed Appellant’s pro se response, which is difficult to

decipher. However, we are able to discern that his first two claims challenge

the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his Strangulation conviction.

Appellant first avers that he pled guilty to Strangulation under subsection

2718(a)(1), by “applying pressure to the throat or neck,” but the facts

adduced at his plea indicate that he committed Strangulation under subsection

(a)(2), by “blocking the nose and mouth of the [victim.]” 18 Pa.C.S. §

2718(a)(1)-(2); Appellant’s Pro Se Response, 6/16/23, at 1 (paraphrased).

In his second claim, Appellant avers that, at his preliminary hearing, the victim

admitted she could breathe while Appellant had his hand on her nose and

8 This Court would typically conduct an independent review of the record for

arguably meritorious issues that counsel missed or misstated. Commonwealth v. Dempster, 187 A.3d 266, 272 (Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc). However, as stated above, when an appellant files a response to an Anders Brief, “[this] Court is limited to examining only those issues raised and developed in the [response; w]e do not act as, and are forbidden from acting as, appellant’s counsel.” Bennett, 124 A.3d at 333.

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mouth, so the Assistant District Attorney asked for the charge to be

withdrawn. Appellant’s Pro Se Response at 1 (paraphrased). Notably,

Appellant does not cite to the notes of testimony where this exchange took

place.

As discussed above, an appellant who pleads guilty “waives all claims

and defenses other than those sounding in the jurisdiction of the court, the

validity of the plea, and [] the ‘legality’ of the sentence imposed.” Prieto,

206 A.3d at 533-34 (citation and brackets omitted). Appellant waived his

ability to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence when he entered his guilty

plea. See, e.g. Commonwealth v. Rounsley, 717 A.2d 537, 539 (Pa.

Super. 1998) (“It is well established that any issue relating to sufficiency of

the evidence is waived by entry of a guilty plea[.]”). Therefore, Appellant’s

first two claims are waived.

In his third claim raised in response to the Anders brief, Appellant

“stat[es] for the record” that the Commonwealth changed the OGS for

Burglary from 9 (as stated at the plea hearing) to 10 (as stated at sentencing).

Appellant’s Pro Se Response at 1. He argues that this “changed [his] guideline

range, plea agreement, and sentencing.” Id.

Our review of the record confirms that the Commonwealth corrected the

OGS for Burglary from 9 to 10 at sentencing. N.T. Sentencing at 6. Burglary

has an OGS of 10 when (1) a person is present and (2) the crime a defendant

intended to commit is a “bodily injury” crime—any offense under Chapters 27

or 29 of the Crimes Code. 204 Pa. Code § 303.15; 18 Pa.C.S. § 3502(e).

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Here, Appellant pled guilty to committing a crime under both Chapter 27

(Strangulation) and Chapter 29 (Unlawful Restraint), so 10 is the correct OGS.

Moreover, as noted above, Appellant entered into an open guilty plea, thereby

acknowledging that the Commonwealth would not recommend a negotiated

sentence to the court. Aside from the summary conclusion above, Appellant

fails to specify how the court’s ultimate sentence “changed” his plea

agreement. Accordingly, we conclude that this claim warrants no relief.

D.

Following our review of the issues raised in counsel's Anders Brief, we

agree with counsel and conclude that this appeal is wholly frivolous. In

addition, Appellant failed to present any issues of merit in his response.

Accordingly, we grant counsel’s Petition to Withdraw and affirm Appellant’s

Judgment of Sentence.

Petition to Withdraw as Counsel granted; Judgment of Sentence

affirmed.

Date: 11/29/2023

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