J-S65015-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
GARLAND ADAMS
Appellant No. 708 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order February 10, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0835071-1990
BEFORE: OLSON, OTT and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 15, 2017
Appellant, Garland Adams, appeals pro se from the February 10, 2017
order dismissing his second petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The factual background and procedural history of this case are as
follows. On May 15, 1990, Appellant, then 18 years old, and a co-conspirator
robbed Jerome Rex (“Rex”). During the robbery, Appellant shot and killed
Rex. On October 28, 1991, Appellant was convicted of second-degree
murder,1 robbery,2 criminal conspiracy,3 and carrying a firearm on the streets
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b).
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903. J-S65015-17
of Philadelphia.4 On October 27, 1992, the trial court sentenced Appellant to
an aggregate term of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
(“LWOP”). Pursuant to statute, the trial court was required to sentence
Appellant to LWOP for the second-degree murder conviction. See 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 1102(b); 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 6137(a)(1). On direct appeal, this Court affirmed
and our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v.
Adams, 626 A.2d 1231 (Pa. Super. 1993), appeal denied, 636 A.2d 631 (Pa.
1993).
On February 8, 2008, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. Counsel
was appointed and filed an amended petition. On October 21,2010, after an
evidentiary hearing, the PCRA court denied the petition. On appeal, this Court
affirmed. Commonwealth v. Adams, 38 A.3d 915 (Pa. Super. 2011)
(unpublished memorandum).
On July 18, 2012, Appellant filed his second PCRA petition. On
November 28, 2016, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss the
petition without an evidentiary hearing. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On December
8, 2016, Appellant filed a response to the Rule 907 notice. On February 10,
2017, the PCRA court dismissed the petition. This timely appeal followed.5
4 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108.
5The PCRA court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Nonetheless, on March 31, 2017, the PCRA court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion.
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Appellant presents three issues for our review:
1. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying [Appellant’s petition] as untimely filed when [Appellant] established that his [recognized] constitutional right claim was within the plain language of the timeliness exception set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii), and [] (b)(2)?
2. Whether it’s cruel and unusual punishment to impose a mandatory sentence of [LWOP] on [Appellant] who was a minor of 18 years of age, and [whether such a sentence violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment]?
3. Whether [Appellant’s] mandatory sentence of [LWOP] violates the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution[?]
Appellant’s Brief at vii (internal brackets, quotation marks, and complete
capitalization omitted).
In his first issue, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in
dismissing his PCRA petition as untimely. He contends that he satisfied the
new constitutional rule exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.
“Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness of the
underlying petition.” Commonwealth v. Brown, 141 A.3d 491, 499 (Pa.
Super. 2016) (citation omitted). The timeliness requirement for PCRA
petitions “is mandatory and jurisdictional in nature[.]” Commonwealth v.
Brown, 143 A.3d 418, 420 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted).
A PCRA petition is timely if it is “filed within one year of the date the
judgment [of sentence] becomes final.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “[A]
judgment becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including
discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the
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Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the
review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). Appellant’s judgment of sentence
became final on February 14, 1994. See Sup. Ct. R. 13. Appellant’s second
PCRA petition was filed on July 18, 2012. Thus, the petition was patently
untimely.
An untimely PCRA petition may be considered if one of the following
three exceptions applies:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). If an exception applies, a PCRA petition may be
considered if it is filed “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). “The petitioner bears the burden to
plead and prove an applicable statutory exception.” Commonwealth v.
Hudson, 156 A.3d 1194, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2017), appeal denied, 2017 WL
3614192 (Pa. Aug. 23, 2017).
Appellant argues that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception
because he filed his petition within 60 days of the Supreme Court of the United
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States’ decision in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), which held that
mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile homicide offenders is
unconstitutional.6 Miller was later made retroactive by Montgomery v.
Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016). Appellant argues that, under Miller, it is
illegal to sentence an individual to a mandatory term of LWOP if he or she is
an adolescent. Although Appellant was 18 years old at the time of the instant
offense, he argues that he was still an adolescent. Thus, Appellant contends
that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception because he is entitled
to relief under Miller, which was made retroactive by Montgomery.
This Court previously addressed this argument in Commonwealth v.
Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016). This Court noted that Miller only
applies to defendants who were “under the age of 18 at the time of their
crimes.” Id. at 94, quoting Miller, 567 U.S. at 465. Moreover, as this Court
noted in Furgess, Appellant’s argument attempts to extend Miller to those
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J-S65015-17
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA Appellee
v.
GARLAND ADAMS
Appellant No. 708 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order February 10, 2017 In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0835071-1990
BEFORE: OLSON, OTT and MUSMANNO, JJ.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 15, 2017
Appellant, Garland Adams, appeals pro se from the February 10, 2017
order dismissing his second petition filed pursuant to the Post-Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The factual background and procedural history of this case are as
follows. On May 15, 1990, Appellant, then 18 years old, and a co-conspirator
robbed Jerome Rex (“Rex”). During the robbery, Appellant shot and killed
Rex. On October 28, 1991, Appellant was convicted of second-degree
murder,1 robbery,2 criminal conspiracy,3 and carrying a firearm on the streets
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 2502(b).
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3701.
3 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 903. J-S65015-17
of Philadelphia.4 On October 27, 1992, the trial court sentenced Appellant to
an aggregate term of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
(“LWOP”). Pursuant to statute, the trial court was required to sentence
Appellant to LWOP for the second-degree murder conviction. See 18 Pa.C.S.A.
§ 1102(b); 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 6137(a)(1). On direct appeal, this Court affirmed
and our Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal. Commonwealth v.
Adams, 626 A.2d 1231 (Pa. Super. 1993), appeal denied, 636 A.2d 631 (Pa.
1993).
On February 8, 2008, Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition. Counsel
was appointed and filed an amended petition. On October 21,2010, after an
evidentiary hearing, the PCRA court denied the petition. On appeal, this Court
affirmed. Commonwealth v. Adams, 38 A.3d 915 (Pa. Super. 2011)
(unpublished memorandum).
On July 18, 2012, Appellant filed his second PCRA petition. On
November 28, 2016, the PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss the
petition without an evidentiary hearing. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. On December
8, 2016, Appellant filed a response to the Rule 907 notice. On February 10,
2017, the PCRA court dismissed the petition. This timely appeal followed.5
4 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 6108.
5The PCRA court did not order Appellant to file a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Nonetheless, on March 31, 2017, the PCRA court issued a Rule 1925(a) opinion.
-2 - J-S65015-17
Appellant presents three issues for our review:
1. Whether the PCRA court erred in denying [Appellant’s petition] as untimely filed when [Appellant] established that his [recognized] constitutional right claim was within the plain language of the timeliness exception set forth at 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii), and [] (b)(2)?
2. Whether it’s cruel and unusual punishment to impose a mandatory sentence of [LWOP] on [Appellant] who was a minor of 18 years of age, and [whether such a sentence violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment]?
3. Whether [Appellant’s] mandatory sentence of [LWOP] violates the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution[?]
Appellant’s Brief at vii (internal brackets, quotation marks, and complete
capitalization omitted).
In his first issue, Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in
dismissing his PCRA petition as untimely. He contends that he satisfied the
new constitutional rule exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.
“Crucial to the determination of any PCRA appeal is the timeliness of the
underlying petition.” Commonwealth v. Brown, 141 A.3d 491, 499 (Pa.
Super. 2016) (citation omitted). The timeliness requirement for PCRA
petitions “is mandatory and jurisdictional in nature[.]” Commonwealth v.
Brown, 143 A.3d 418, 420 (Pa. Super. 2016) (citation omitted).
A PCRA petition is timely if it is “filed within one year of the date the
judgment [of sentence] becomes final.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). “[A]
judgment becomes final at the conclusion of direct review, including
discretionary review in the Supreme Court of the United States and the
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Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, or at the expiration of time for seeking the
review.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(3). Appellant’s judgment of sentence
became final on February 14, 1994. See Sup. Ct. R. 13. Appellant’s second
PCRA petition was filed on July 18, 2012. Thus, the petition was patently
untimely.
An untimely PCRA petition may be considered if one of the following
three exceptions applies:
(i) the failure to raise the claim previously was the result of interference by government officials with the presentation of the claim in violation of the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or the Constitution or laws of the United States;
(ii) the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or
(iii) the right asserted is a constitutional right that was recognized by the Supreme Court of the United States or the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania after the time period provided in this section and has been held by that court to apply retroactively.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1). If an exception applies, a PCRA petition may be
considered if it is filed “within 60 days of the date the claim could have been
presented.” 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(2). “The petitioner bears the burden to
plead and prove an applicable statutory exception.” Commonwealth v.
Hudson, 156 A.3d 1194, 1197 (Pa. Super. 2017), appeal denied, 2017 WL
3614192 (Pa. Aug. 23, 2017).
Appellant argues that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception
because he filed his petition within 60 days of the Supreme Court of the United
-4 - J-S65015-17
States’ decision in Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), which held that
mandatory LWOP sentences for juvenile homicide offenders is
unconstitutional.6 Miller was later made retroactive by Montgomery v.
Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016). Appellant argues that, under Miller, it is
illegal to sentence an individual to a mandatory term of LWOP if he or she is
an adolescent. Although Appellant was 18 years old at the time of the instant
offense, he argues that he was still an adolescent. Thus, Appellant contends
that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception because he is entitled
to relief under Miller, which was made retroactive by Montgomery.
This Court previously addressed this argument in Commonwealth v.
Furgess, 149 A.3d 90 (Pa. Super. 2016). This Court noted that Miller only
applies to defendants who were “under the age of 18 at the time of their
crimes.” Id. at 94, quoting Miller, 567 U.S. at 465. Moreover, as this Court
noted in Furgess, Appellant’s argument attempts to extend Miller to those
adults whose brains were not fully developed at the time of their offense, i.e.,
adolescents. See Furgess, 149 A.3d at 94. This argument fails, however,
because “a contention that a newly-recognized constitutional right should be
extended to others does not [satisfy the new constitutional rule exception to
the PCRA’s timeliness requirement.]” Id. at 95 (internal alteration omitted;
6 In his petition, Appellant also argues that he satisfied the new constitutional rule exception because he amended his petition within 60 days of Alleyne v. United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013). As Appellant concedes on appeal, however, “Alleyne is unrelated to juvenile sentencing.” Appellant’s Brief at 30.
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emphasis removed), quoting Commonwealth v. Cintora, 69 A.3d 759, 764
(Pa. Super. 2013).
Instead, the PCRA requires that the Supreme Court of the United States
or our Supreme Court extend the new constitutional right to a class of
individuals, and make the extension retroactive, in order to satisfy the new
constitutional rule timeliness exception. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(b)(1)(iii).
Montgomery merely made Miller retroactive for juvenile offenders whose
judgments of sentence were final. It did not extend Miller’s holding to those
individuals who committed homicides as adults. Furgess, 149 A.3d at 95.
Although the petitioner in Furgess only raised a claim under the Eighth
Amendment, while Appellant also raises a claim under the Fourteenth
Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, it is not distinguishable from the case
at bar. Neither the Supreme Court of the United States nor our Supreme
Court has held that Miller announced a new rule under the Equal Protection
Clause. Instead, Miller only announced a new rule with respect to the Eighth
Amendment. Thus, Appellant’s Equal Protection Clause argument is also an
attempt to extend Miller’s holding. Accordingly, Appellant failed to plead and
prove the applicability of a statutory exception to the PCRA’s timeliness
requirement.
As Appellant failed to plead and prove the applicability of the new
constitutional rule exception to the PCRA’s timeliness requirement, the PCRA
court correctly held that it lacked jurisdiction over Appellant’s petition.
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Therefore, we need not address Appellant’s second and third issues, which
argue that he is entitled to relief on the merits. Accordingly, we strike the
Commonwealth’s brief7 and affirm the PCRA court’s order dismissing the
petition.
Application to strike granted. Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 11/15/2017
7 See Commonwealth v. Brown, 161 A.3d 960, 964 n.2 (Pa. Super. 2017) (refusing to consider a late brief filed by the Philadelphia County District Attorney after it “flout[ed]” this Court’s orders regarding due dates for briefs).
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