Collins v. State

81 So. 3d 1174, 2011 Miss. App. LEXIS 540, 2011 WL 3925589
Court of Appeals of Mississippi·Decided September 6, 2011·No. 2009-KA-00781-COA·Published·Cited by 4 cases

Opinion

ROBERTS, J.,

for the Court:

¶ 1. A jury sitting before the Hinds County Circuit Court found Timothy Collins guilty of aggravated assault. The circuit court sentenced Collins to twenty years in the custody of the Mississippi Department of Corrections. Aggrieved, Collins appeals and claims that he was entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction on simple assault. Additionally, Collins claims the circuit court should have granted his motion for a mistrial after the prosecution had commented on his decision to decline to testify. Finding no error, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. Collins’s conviction is the result of his misguided effort to avenge his younger sister. The record suggests that Collins has at least four sisters. Preston Sterling was engaged to one of Collins’s sisters, Seneca. Collins’s twelve-year-old sister, Yneshia, was at Battlefield Park in Hinds County, Mississippi, on August 5, 2006. Sterling was also at Battlefield Park on that date.

¶ 3. According to Collins’s theory of the case, Sterling slapped Yneshia at the park. Sterling denied that he had slapped Ynes-hia. It is undisputed that Seneca and two of her and Collins’s sisters confronted Sterling in the parking lot of an abandoned apartment complex at 753 Silas Brown Street in Jackson, Mississippi. Anthony Wilson, who had previously lived in one of the apartments before the complex had been abandoned, testified that he saw the confrontation. According to Wilson, three women argued with Sterling regarding his treatment of their younger sister. Wilson testified that one of the women told Sterling “that he was going to die.” Wilson further testified that, approximately two or three minutes later, a green car pulled into the apartment complex. The woman driving the green car stopped. According to Wilson, a man got out of the car, and without exchanging any words with Sterling, the man shot Sterling multiple times. Wilson also testified that, after Sterling had fallen to the ground, “[the shooter] shot him again.” The shooter then got back into the car, and the woman drove away. Wilson later identified Collins as the man who had shot Sterling.

¶ 4. Sterling was critically wounded. He had been shot five times with a .45-caliber pistol. Sterling sustained wounds to his head, his left arm, and his side. He had also been shot twice in the back. One of those shots damaged his spinal cord. Sterling survived, but he was paralyzed as a result of the shot that damaged his spinal cord.

*1176 ¶ 5. Monica Hamledary was the driver of the green car. She testified that she did not know that Collins was going to shoot Sterling. Hamledary had known Collins for some time when she encountered him on Winter Street on August 5, 2006. Collins got in her car, and they both were on their way to a nearby store when Collins directed her toward the apartment complex. Hamledary stopped the car, and Collins got out. Hamledary testified that she was not paying attention to what Collins was doing because she was talking on her cellular telephone and listening to her car radio.

¶ 6. According to Hamledary, she first noticed the confrontation between Collins and Sterling when shots were fired. Ham-ledary testified that a tree obscured her view of the events. She further testified that she did not hear Collins say anything to Sterling. After he had shot Sterling, Collins returned to the car and told Ham-ledary to drive. Hamledary later explained that she did not immediately report the incident because she was in shock. She left Collins at a grocery store on Farish Street in Jackson, and after running another errand, she went home. After she arrived home, she saw a news report regarding the incident. The news report also stated that authorities were searching for the female driver of the green car. Hamledary called authorities and gave a statement shortly after midnight.

¶ 7. Collins gave a statement after he was arrested. Within his statement, Collins claimed that Sterling displayed a pistol when Collins approached him. According to Collins, he and Sterling exchanged words. Collins told authorities that Sterling had said, “you’ve got yours, I’ve got mine, let’s do it.” Collins admitted that he had fired his .45-caliber pistol. However, according to Collins, he fired his pistol at a downward angle toward Sterling’s legs. Collins stated that he threw his .45-caliber pistol in the Mississippi River after he had shot Sterling. Collins’s theory of the case was that the bullets had ricocheted off the pavement and struck Sterling. As previously mentioned, the jury found Collins guilty of aggravated assault. Collins appeals.

ANALYSIS

I. JURY INSTRUCTIONS

¶ 8. Collins claims the circuit court should have granted his request for a simple-assault instruction. Collins’s proffered jury instruction, designated as jury instruction D-9, states:

If you, the Jury[,] find that the State has failed to prove any one of the essential elements of the crime of Aggravated Assault, you must find ... Collins not guilty of Aggravated Assault and you will proceed with the deliberation to decide whether the State has proved beyond a reasonable doubt all the elements of simple assault.
The crime of Aggravated Assault is distinguished from simple assault if you find that ... Collins negligently caused bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon or other means likely to produce death or serious bodily harm.
In the event you find from the evidence that the defendant is guilty of the lesser[-]included offense of simple assault, your verdict shall be as follows:
‘We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of simple assault.”

At trial, Collins argued as follows:

Your Honor, on their argument, first, that it was self-defense, but that he shot down at the legs which the bullet— there’s been testimony of the fact that bullets hit concrete, that they could ricochet, that ricochet is considered negli- *1177 genee. And I think there is enough for the jury to consider that as maybe a bullet hit the parking lot, it ricocheted, it hit the window rail, it hit the window. That could be considered as negligence in shooting the firearm and that’s before the jury. That’s something they could consider and come back with the simple-assault [verdict].

The circuit court refused proffered jury instruction D-9 without comment. Collins claims the circuit court’s decision amounts to reversible error.

¶ 9. We conduct a de novo review of a circuit court’s decision that a defendant is not entitled to a lesser-included-offense instruction, as this is a question of law. Babb v. State, 17 So.3d 100, 102-03 (¶ 8) (Miss.Ct.App.2009). Regarding the standard of review for whether a lesser-included-offense instruction is warranted, we have stated as follows:

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Collins v. State, 81 So. 3d 1174, 2011 Miss. App. LEXIS 540, 2011 WL 3925589 (Mich. Ct. App. 2011).

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