Cole v. State

909 So. 2d 850, 2004 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 234, 2004 WL 2418031
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Alabama
DecidedOctober 29, 2004
DocketCR-03-0500
StatusPublished

This text of 909 So. 2d 850 (Cole v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cole v. State, 909 So. 2d 850, 2004 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 234, 2004 WL 2418031 (Ala. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinions

WISE, Judge.

The appellant, George Carroll Cole, was convicted of one count of first-degree sexual abuse, a violation of § 13A-6-66, Ala. Code 1975. He was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment. However, pursuant to the Split Sentence Act, § 15-18-8, Ala.Code 1975, Cole’s sentence was suspended and he was ordered to serve 18 months in prison, followed by 5 years of supervised probation. He was also ordered to pay a $100 assessment to the crime victims compensation fund, restitution and all court costs.

On appeal, Cole argues that the trial court erred when it overruled his motion for a mistrial. Specifically, Cole contends that the court should have declared a mistrial upon learning that one of the jurors deliberating the question of his guilt was not mentally competent to serve on a jury.

Section 12 — 16—60(a), Ala.Code 1975, states, in pertinent part:

“(a) A prospective juror is qualified to serve on a jury if the juror is generally reputed to be honest and intelligent and is esteemed in the community for integrity, good character and sound judgment and also:
“(1) Is a citizen of the United States, has been a resident of the county for more than 12 months and is over the age of 19 years;
“(2) Is able to read, speak, understand and follow instructions given by a judge in the English language;
“(3) Is capable by reason of physical and mental ability to render satisfactory jury service, and is not afflicted with any permanent disease or physical weakness whereby the juror is unfit to discharge the duties of a juror;
“(4) Has not lost the right to vote by conviction for any offense involving moral turpitude.”

In Chrysler Credit Corp. v. McKinney, 456 So.2d 1069, 1071 (Ala.1984), the Alabama Supreme Court held that “a new trial is mandated where a juror serves who has failed to respond to a specific question based upon a statutory disqualification.” However, a juror’s failure to meet the statutory qualifications may be waived. See Foremost Ins. Co. v. Parham, 693 So.2d 409, 426 (Ala.1997)(defendant waived right to mount posttrial challenge to qualifications of juror when defendant failed to follow up on trial court’s general inquiry as to whether jurors met statutory qualifications).

An examination of the record reveals that while the trial court questioned the prospective jurors regarding their qualifications as to § 12-16-60(a)(l) and (4), the court did not inquire whether the jurors met the statutory qualifications set out in § 12 — 16—60(a)(2) and (3). (R. 7.) However, this exchange also indicates that previous questioning of the jurors regarding these statutory qualifications had occurred. Moreover, during the hearing on Cole’s motion for a new trial the trial court indicated that the jurors had, in fact, been asked whether any of them were incapable by reason of physical and mental ability to render satisfactory jury service. (New-trial hearing, R. 6.)

The first indication of a potential problem regarding one of the juror’s mental ability to serve arose during jury deliberations. On October 22, 2003, after both sides had rested and the trial court had instructed the jury on the applicable law, the jury retired to deliberate. The jury continued its deliberations for the balance of the day and returned the following day to continue deliberations. On the afternoon of October 23, 2003, the jury advised [853]*853the court that it was unable to reach a verdict. The court advised the jury that it should try and reach a verdict, and the jury retired to resume deliberations. Later that afternoon, the jury sent a note to the trial court, apparently asking for additional instructions — specifically, asking the court to “simplify” its earlier charge. The court then recharged the jury, attempting to explain the applicable law in somewhat simpler terms. After the jury retired to resume deliberations, the following occurred:

“MS. WELDON [defense counsel]: Judge, we would make an objection on the record to further charging the jury when the jury — 11 members of the jury have indicated that they feel that one member of the jury does not have the mental capacity to make a decision in this, and she doesn’t understand the issues of what is to be decided in this case. It’s the best interest of my client that he has a jury of 12 to make the decision and render a verdict in this case, and we don’t feel like there’s a competent jury of 12 in this back room to make this decision.
“THE COURT: And for the record, let me read exactly what the note was that the jury wrote. The note they sent out was, ‘If she does not understand, should we tell the judge?’ Then written underneath it is, T think she does not have the mental capacity to make such decisions.’
“Now, first of all, I don’t know — I’m not going to inquire into the mental capacity of a juror, and I don’t know how capable, whoever the author of that note is, of making that determination. And I don’t know if the woman has any type of mental — I say woman, because the note says ‘she,’ has any type of mental problems. So I’m going to overrule your [objection].
“MS. WELDON: Judge, because I forgot to ... say this, I would make an immediate motion for a mistrial based on the question of the jury.
“THE COURT: I overrule.
“MS. WELDON: Thank you.
“THE COURT: And let me go a little bit further, if I can find this court file. I think that in talking, we have all thought that the person, the juror that they are talking about is [C.P.] .,; is that correct?
“MR. NEILL [prosecutor]: • Yes, ma’am.
“THE COURT: Ms. Weldon, is that your — from what the bailiff has told us?
“MS. WELDON: Well, Judge, that’s what I thought until I went in there. And if it’s the person in the corner, I’m not sure that’s [her].
“THE COURT: Which person in the corner are you talking about?
“MS. WELDON: I was talking about the one in the yellow that was sitting in the corner.
“MR. NEILL: Well, you know, I’m not sure.
“THE COURT: I think it was the woman at the table on the end who had her purse on the floor by her, and that woman is [C.P.], who gave no indication during voir dire that she had any problems. She answered the questions. I have a couple of notes down here that she made responses to. And she gave no indication during voir dire that she had any type of problems that would keep her from being a juror. All right.
“MS. WELDON: We take exception.”

(R. 275-78.) At some point later that afternoon, the jury returned a verdict finding Cole guilty of first-degree sexual abuse. The record indicates that the jury was polled and was then excused. (R. [854]*854279.) Cole was sentenced on December 19, 2003.

On January 20, 2004, Cole filed an unverified motion for a new trial1

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Bluebook (online)
909 So. 2d 850, 2004 Ala. Crim. App. LEXIS 234, 2004 WL 2418031, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cole-v-state-alacrimapp-2004.