Cole v. Ruidoso Municipal Schools

947 F.2d 903
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
DecidedOctober 29, 1991
DocketNo. 91-2051
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 947 F.2d 903 (Cole v. Ruidoso Municipal Schools) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cole v. Ruidoso Municipal Schools, 947 F.2d 903 (10th Cir. 1991).

Opinion

BARRETT, Senior Circuit Judge.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 10th Cir.R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

Defendants appeal the district court’s denial of the portion of their Motion for Summary Judgment seeking qualified immunity on Plaintiff’s procedural due process claim. On appeal, Defendants argue that the district court erred in denying qualified immunity on Plaintiff’s procedural due process claim because New Mexico law did not clearly establish that the failure to renew1 Plaintiff’s public school principal contract at its expiration triggered due process requirements and because there were no genuine issues of material fact barring the individual Defendants from qualified immunity protection. We reverse, concluding Defendants are entitled to qualified immunity.

Pursuant to a one-year contract, Plaintiff served as principal of the Ruidoso Middle School for the 1987-88 school year. On March 8, 1988, the school board decided, due to budgetary restraints, not to offer Plaintiff a principal contract for the 1988-89 school year. The minutes of the board meeting indicated that Plaintiff would be reassigned to an elementary teaching position. In addition to budget concerns, the school board was also concerned about Plaintiff’s conflict with several faculty members. This concern, however, was not mentioned in the school board’s minutes in order to spare Plaintiff’s feelings and reputation. Plaintiff accepted the teaching contract for 1988-89, but resigned during the school year to move to Florida with her husband.

Thereafter, Plaintiff commenced this action, in relevant part pursuant to 42 [905]*905U.S.C. § 1983, alleging, inter alia, denial of due process rights.2 Defendants filed a Motion for Summary Judgment contending that they were entitled to qualified immunity. The district court denied qualified immunity protection on the due process claim. The district court’s sole explanation for doing so was as follows:

Defendants argue that the termination was a non-renewal of plaintiff’s contract; plaintiff contends that her termination was part of a reduction-in-force action that required certain procedural guarantees. Since there are genuine issues of material fact as to this claim, I cannot conclude that defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

Plaintiff appealed.

“We have interlocutory appellate jurisdiction under Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985), even though the district court based its denial of the motion on a finding that disputed material facts exist in the ease.” Austin v. Hamilton, 945 F.2d 1155, 1157 (10th Cir.1991). We decide the legal issues before us by applying a de novo standard of review. Eastwood v. Department of Corrections, 846 F.2d 627, 629 (10th Cir. 1988).

The affirmative defense of qualified immunity is available to government officials in actions brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. A government official is entitled to immunity from liability if the official’s conduct as alleged in the complaint did not violate “clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” The unlawfulness must be apparent “in light of preexisting law.” The questions of what the current applicable law is, whether that law was clearly established at the time the official’s action occurred, and whether the official’s acts were objectively reasonable, are questions of law for the court to determine. If material factual disputes exist with regard to the actions of the official, summary judgment on the basis of qualified immunity is not possible.

Campbell v. Mercer, 926 F.2d 990, 992 (10th Cir.1991) (citations omitted).

The issue on appeal is whether it was clearly established that Plaintiff had a property right in employment entitling her to due process protections before the non-renewal of her administrator contract. Plaintiff’s constitutional claim depends on whether she had a property right in continued employment as a principal. Id. Property rights “are created and their dimensions are defined by existing rules or understandings that stem from an independent source such as state law....” Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 2709, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972); see also Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 538, 105 S.Ct. 1487, 1491, 84 L.Ed.2d 494 (1985).

New Mexico law provides that school administrators may have employment contracts of one or two years. N.M.Stat.Ann. § 22-10-11 B(4). Any person employed by contract has no legitimate expectation of reemployment, and no contract is to be construed as an implied promise of continued employment pursuant to a subsequent contract. Id. section 22-10-11 E. While certified school instructors have certain rights under the statutory scheme, administrators have no tenure rights as administrators. See id. sections 22-10-12 to 22-10-14.1; see also Hayden v. Lee, 90 N.M. 272, 562 P.2d 833, 834 (1977) (administrators are neither tenured nor untenured). Only certified school instructors with three or more years of service are entitled to procedural due process prior to nonrenewal; the statutory scheme does not give similar protection to administrators at the expiration and nonrenewal of their contracts. See N.M.Stat.Ann. §§ 22-10-14, 22-10-14.1. Although the statutes provide no assurance of employment, they do provide certain procedural protections to administrators who are discharged during a school term. In addition to procedural protections, the school board may discharge an [906]*906administrator during the term of an employment contract only for “good and just cause.” Id. section 22-10-17.

In this case, Plaintiff was not discharged during the term of her employment contract. Rather, her contract as principal was not renewed at the end of the year, and she was reassigned to a teaching position. Under such circumstances, New Mexico law did not afford Plaintiff any procedural protections for the nonrenewal of her administrator contract.

Plaintiff argues that her nonrenewal as principal was based on illegal reasons. Plaintiff maintains she was entitled to the procedural protections afforded to certified school instructors, including written notice of termination, written reasons for the school board’s nonrenewal action, nonre-newal not based on arbitrary, capricious, or illegal reasons, and a hearing before the board to contest the nonrenewal. See N.M.Stat.Ann. §§ 22-10-12 to 22-10-14.1. To support her argument, Plaintiff cites to N.M.Stat.Ann. § 22-10-16.

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Cole v. Ruidoso Municipal Schools
947 F.2d 903 (Tenth Circuit, 1991)

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947 F.2d 903, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cole-v-ruidoso-municipal-schools-ca10-1991.