[Cite as Cleveland v. Perez, 2011-Ohio-3466.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95641
CITY OF CLEVELAND PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
PEDRO PEREZ DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: REVERSED
Criminal Appeal from the Cleveland Municipal Court Case No. 2010 TRD 015568
BEFORE: Blackmon, J., Kilbane, A.J., and Cooney, J. 2
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2011 -i-
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Public Defender Cuyahoga County
John T. Martin Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Robert L. Triozzi Law Director
Victor Perez Prosecutor, City of Cleveland Karrie D. Howard Assistant City Prosecutor 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, .J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant Pedro Perez appeals his conviction for driving under
suspension following a bench trial in the Cleveland Municipal Court. Perez
assigns the following errors for our review:
“I. The evidence is insufficient to sustain the conviction.” 3 “II. Assuming, arguendo, that it was offered for its truth, the trial court improperly admitted hearsay evidence regarding the existence of a license suspension.”
“III. The conviction is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.”
{¶ 2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we reverse Perez’s
conviction. The apposite facts follow.
{¶ 3} On March 11, 2010, Officer Mathias Varga of the Cleveland Police
Department issued a citation to Perez for driving under suspension (“DUS”).
On March 15, 2010, Perez pleaded not guilty at his arraignment. Perez
subse-quently requested a bench trial, which was conducted on May 26, 2010.
{¶ 4} At the trial, Officer Varga testified that on March 11, 2010, at
approximately 9:20 p.m., he and his partner were refueling their patrol car at
a service station on Pearl and Forestdale Roads, when they heard the voices
of screaming women. Upon investigating, one of the women told Officer
Varga that a Hispanic male pointed a gun at her and wanted to fight. The
second woman told the officers that the male was in a vehicle described as a
white Toyota.
{¶ 5} The officers drove around the corner to West 22nd Street, where
they saw a vehicle matching the description. Officer Varga observed Perez
enter the driver’s side of the vehicle, but immediately exited when he saw the
patrol car. Officer Varga and his partner exited the patrol car with their 4 service revolvers drawn and approached the white Toyota. Perez
immediately raised his hands and declared to the officers that the gun was in
the trunk of the car.
{¶ 6} Officer Varga further stated that the engine of the white Toyota
was running when Perez entered and exited the vehicle. Finally, Officer
Varga learned from witnesses that a second Hispanic male, listed in his police
report as “arrested male #2,” was the one driving the car during the initial
confrontation with the women.
{¶ 7} At the close of the City’s case, Perez asked the court for judgment
of acquittal. The trial court denied the motion, found him guilty, and
continued the matter for sentencing. On July 19, 2010, the trial court
sentenced Perez to 180 days in jail, gave him credit for 121 days, and
suspended the remaining 59 days. The trial court also fined Perez $1,000, but
suspended it along with the court costs, and placed him on one year of
inactive probation. Perez now appeals.
Sufficiency of Evidence
{¶ 8} We will address the first and second assigned errors together
because they both involve the sufficiency of the evidence. Perez argues there
was insufficient evidence to support his conviction, specifically that there 5 was no evidence to prove that he “operated” a motor vehicle, nor any
substantive evidence that his license was suspended. We agree.
{¶ 9} Crim.R. 29 mandates that the trial court issue a judgment of
acquittal where the state’s evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction for
the offense. Crim.R. 29(A) and sufficiency of evidence review require the same
analysis. State v. Tenace, 109 Ohio St.3d 255, 2006-Ohio-2417, 847 N.E.2d
386.
{¶ 10} In analyzing the sufficiency issue, the reviewing court must view
the evidence “in the light most favorable to the prosecution” and ask whether
“any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Mitchell, Cuyahoga App. No. 95095,
2011-Ohio-1241, quoting Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99
S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560. See, also, State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d
259, 574 N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus; State v. Carter (1995), 72
Ohio St.3d 545, 651 N.E.2d 965.
{¶ 11} Perez directs our attention to R.C. 4511.01(HHH), which
provides: “‘Operate’ means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle,
street car or trackless trolley.”
{¶ 12} Initially, we note a long line of cases involving OMVI or DUS
violations have held that the term “operate” is broader than merely driving or 6 causing movement of a motor vehicle, and is satisfied by evidence that an
accused was found in the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle, with the key in the
ignition, whether or not the engine of the vehicle was running. State v.
Cochran, 2d Dist. No. 22240, 2008-Ohio-3612, quoting State v. Cleary (1986),
22 Ohio St.3d 198, 199, 490 N.E.2d 574. See, also, State v. McGlone (1991),
59 Ohio St.3d 122, 570 N.E.2d 1115.
{¶ 13} In State v. Gill, 70 Ohio St.3d 150,1994-Ohio-403, 637 N.E.2d
897, the Ohio Supreme Court expanded the definition of “operate” to include
situations where the keys are in the ignition but the engine is not running.
{¶ 14} But in S.B.123, the General Assembly modified the definition in
Gill and its predecessors by specifically defining “operate” in R.C.
4511.01(HHH), as well as by adding the words “at the time of the operation”
to R.C. 4511.19(A)(1). State v. Schultz, Cuyahoga App. No. 90412,
2008-Ohio-4448; State v. Wallace, 166 Ohio App.3d 845, 848-849,
2006-Ohio-2477, 853 N.E.2d 704.
{¶ 15} Effective January 1, 2004, the term “operate,” as used in R.C.
Chapter 4511, “means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle * * *.”
R.C. 4511.01(HHH). “Where the words of a statute are free of ambiguity
and express plainly and distinctly the sense of the lawmaking body, the
courts should look no further in their efforts to interpret the intent of the 7
General Assembly.” Columbus v. Freeman, 181 Ohio App.3d 320,
2009-Ohio-1046, 908 N.E.2d 1026, quoting State v. Smorgala (1990), 50 Ohio
St.3d 222, 223, 553 N.E.2d 672.
{¶ 16} In the instant case, despite the running engine, there was no
evidence presented that Perez caused movement of the vehicle. Officer
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[Cite as Cleveland v. Perez, 2011-Ohio-3466.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95641
CITY OF CLEVELAND PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
PEDRO PEREZ DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: REVERSED
Criminal Appeal from the Cleveland Municipal Court Case No. 2010 TRD 015568
BEFORE: Blackmon, J., Kilbane, A.J., and Cooney, J. 2
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 14, 2011 -i-
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Public Defender Cuyahoga County
John T. Martin Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue, Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Robert L. Triozzi Law Director
Victor Perez Prosecutor, City of Cleveland Karrie D. Howard Assistant City Prosecutor 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, .J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant Pedro Perez appeals his conviction for driving under
suspension following a bench trial in the Cleveland Municipal Court. Perez
assigns the following errors for our review:
“I. The evidence is insufficient to sustain the conviction.” 3 “II. Assuming, arguendo, that it was offered for its truth, the trial court improperly admitted hearsay evidence regarding the existence of a license suspension.”
“III. The conviction is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.”
{¶ 2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we reverse Perez’s
conviction. The apposite facts follow.
{¶ 3} On March 11, 2010, Officer Mathias Varga of the Cleveland Police
Department issued a citation to Perez for driving under suspension (“DUS”).
On March 15, 2010, Perez pleaded not guilty at his arraignment. Perez
subse-quently requested a bench trial, which was conducted on May 26, 2010.
{¶ 4} At the trial, Officer Varga testified that on March 11, 2010, at
approximately 9:20 p.m., he and his partner were refueling their patrol car at
a service station on Pearl and Forestdale Roads, when they heard the voices
of screaming women. Upon investigating, one of the women told Officer
Varga that a Hispanic male pointed a gun at her and wanted to fight. The
second woman told the officers that the male was in a vehicle described as a
white Toyota.
{¶ 5} The officers drove around the corner to West 22nd Street, where
they saw a vehicle matching the description. Officer Varga observed Perez
enter the driver’s side of the vehicle, but immediately exited when he saw the
patrol car. Officer Varga and his partner exited the patrol car with their 4 service revolvers drawn and approached the white Toyota. Perez
immediately raised his hands and declared to the officers that the gun was in
the trunk of the car.
{¶ 6} Officer Varga further stated that the engine of the white Toyota
was running when Perez entered and exited the vehicle. Finally, Officer
Varga learned from witnesses that a second Hispanic male, listed in his police
report as “arrested male #2,” was the one driving the car during the initial
confrontation with the women.
{¶ 7} At the close of the City’s case, Perez asked the court for judgment
of acquittal. The trial court denied the motion, found him guilty, and
continued the matter for sentencing. On July 19, 2010, the trial court
sentenced Perez to 180 days in jail, gave him credit for 121 days, and
suspended the remaining 59 days. The trial court also fined Perez $1,000, but
suspended it along with the court costs, and placed him on one year of
inactive probation. Perez now appeals.
Sufficiency of Evidence
{¶ 8} We will address the first and second assigned errors together
because they both involve the sufficiency of the evidence. Perez argues there
was insufficient evidence to support his conviction, specifically that there 5 was no evidence to prove that he “operated” a motor vehicle, nor any
substantive evidence that his license was suspended. We agree.
{¶ 9} Crim.R. 29 mandates that the trial court issue a judgment of
acquittal where the state’s evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction for
the offense. Crim.R. 29(A) and sufficiency of evidence review require the same
analysis. State v. Tenace, 109 Ohio St.3d 255, 2006-Ohio-2417, 847 N.E.2d
386.
{¶ 10} In analyzing the sufficiency issue, the reviewing court must view
the evidence “in the light most favorable to the prosecution” and ask whether
“any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Mitchell, Cuyahoga App. No. 95095,
2011-Ohio-1241, quoting Jackson v. Virginia (1979), 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99
S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560. See, also, State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d
259, 574 N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus; State v. Carter (1995), 72
Ohio St.3d 545, 651 N.E.2d 965.
{¶ 11} Perez directs our attention to R.C. 4511.01(HHH), which
provides: “‘Operate’ means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle,
street car or trackless trolley.”
{¶ 12} Initially, we note a long line of cases involving OMVI or DUS
violations have held that the term “operate” is broader than merely driving or 6 causing movement of a motor vehicle, and is satisfied by evidence that an
accused was found in the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle, with the key in the
ignition, whether or not the engine of the vehicle was running. State v.
Cochran, 2d Dist. No. 22240, 2008-Ohio-3612, quoting State v. Cleary (1986),
22 Ohio St.3d 198, 199, 490 N.E.2d 574. See, also, State v. McGlone (1991),
59 Ohio St.3d 122, 570 N.E.2d 1115.
{¶ 13} In State v. Gill, 70 Ohio St.3d 150,1994-Ohio-403, 637 N.E.2d
897, the Ohio Supreme Court expanded the definition of “operate” to include
situations where the keys are in the ignition but the engine is not running.
{¶ 14} But in S.B.123, the General Assembly modified the definition in
Gill and its predecessors by specifically defining “operate” in R.C.
4511.01(HHH), as well as by adding the words “at the time of the operation”
to R.C. 4511.19(A)(1). State v. Schultz, Cuyahoga App. No. 90412,
2008-Ohio-4448; State v. Wallace, 166 Ohio App.3d 845, 848-849,
2006-Ohio-2477, 853 N.E.2d 704.
{¶ 15} Effective January 1, 2004, the term “operate,” as used in R.C.
Chapter 4511, “means to cause or have caused movement of a vehicle * * *.”
R.C. 4511.01(HHH). “Where the words of a statute are free of ambiguity
and express plainly and distinctly the sense of the lawmaking body, the
courts should look no further in their efforts to interpret the intent of the 7
General Assembly.” Columbus v. Freeman, 181 Ohio App.3d 320,
2009-Ohio-1046, 908 N.E.2d 1026, quoting State v. Smorgala (1990), 50 Ohio
St.3d 222, 223, 553 N.E.2d 672.
{¶ 16} In the instant case, despite the running engine, there was no
evidence presented that Perez caused movement of the vehicle. Officer
Varga testified that he observed Perez enter the driver’s seat of the vehicle,
but Perez immediately exited upon seeing the activated sirens of the patrol
car. Officer Varga’s testimony established that Perez caused no movement of
the vehicle.
{¶ 17} Further, at trial, Officer Varga testified in pertinent part as
follows:
“Q. In your report, the third paragraph, which I’ve made a mark by, you write that you interviewed some witnesses, correct?
A. Uh-huh.
Q. That those witnesses told you that Male Number 2 was the driver of the vehicle, correct?
A. During the incident Male Number 2 was the one driving it around. Male Number 2 was driving it around while he [Perez] was terrorizing the people.
Q. No witnesses told you that arrested Male Number 1, Mr. Perez, was driving, correct? A. No.
Q. No one you interviewed said he was the driver. 8
A. The only person who saw him in the car, in the driver seat, was my partner and I.” Tr. 13-14.
{¶ 18} Here, the witnesses specifically indicated that “arrested male # 2”
drove the vehicle during the incident. The incident happened within
moments of the officers’ response and discovery of the vehicle around the
corner from the gas station. It was within this one minute time frame that
the officers observed Perez make a split-second appearance into the driver’s
side of the vehicle.
{¶ 19} Applying the definition of “operate” as it has now evolved, to the
specific facts of the instant case, we conclude that Perez was not operating
the vehicle as that term is defined by law.
{¶ 20} We also conclude that there was no substantive evidence
presented that Perez’s license was actually suspended at the time he was
observed entering and then immediately exiting the white Toyota. At trial,
the following exchange took place:
“Q. Officer, how were you informed that the defendant’s license was suspended?
A. We would have either ran them on M.D.T. —
Ms. Scott: Objection. Hearsay.
The Court: Overruled. 9 A. — or, we would have radio run them, and his vehicle was towed, so it would be on the report how I got the information. It would — it would have to go on the radio. To tow a car, I’ve got to get dispatcher to sign off on, you know, whatever vehicle Number was ran by dispatcher Smith on terminal blah, blah, blah, so I can’t recall at this point if I ran it on the terminal on the car, or if the dispatcher told me via the radio.” Tr. 15.
{¶ 21} At trial, the City prosecutor indicated that the above testimony
explained why Officer Varga cited Perez for DUS. However, the trial court
indicated that the officer relied on this testimony to determine Perez’s guilt.
Tr. 23. As such, this evidence is inadmissible.
{¶ 22} Evid.R. 801(C) defines “hearsay” as “a statement, other than one
made by the declarant while testifying at trial or hearing, offered in evidence
to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” State v. Durham, Cuyahoga App.
No. 94747, 2011-Ohio-2256. However, Evid.R. 803(8) allows admission of
the following as exceptions to the hearsay rule: “Records, reports, statements,
or data compilations, in any form, of public offices or agencies, setting forth
(a) the activities of the office or agency, or (b) matters observed pursuant to
duty imposed by law as to which matters there was a duty to report,
excluding, however, in criminal cases matters observed by police officers and
other law enforcement personnel * * *.” State v. Jaime, Cuyahoga App. No.
94401, 2010-Ohio-5783. 10 {¶ 23} Here, the information that Officer Varga testified that he
obtained from radio dispatch regarding the status of Perez’s driver’s license is
inadmissible hearsay. State v. Twomey (Dec. 23, 1983), 1st Dist. Nos.
C-830123 and C-830124. As such, that information should not have been
relied on as substantial evidence of Perez’s guilt.
{¶ 24} Thus, the City failed to present sufficient evidence to sustain
Perez’s conviction for DUS. Consequently, the trial court should have
granted Perez’s motion for acquittal. Accordingly, we sustain the first and
second assigned errors.
{¶ 25} Having sustained Perez’s first and second assigned errors, the
remaining assigned error is moot. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).
Judgment reversed.
It is ordered that appellant recover of appellee his costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this
judgment into execution. 11 A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J., and COLLEEN CONWAY COONEY, J., CONCUR