Clayton v. Burnett

522 S.E.2d 785, 135 N.C. App. 746, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 1232
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedDecember 7, 1999
DocketNo. COA98-1633
StatusPublished

This text of 522 S.E.2d 785 (Clayton v. Burnett) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Clayton v. Burnett, 522 S.E.2d 785, 135 N.C. App. 746, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 1232 (N.C. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

LEWIS, Judge.

This case arises out of an automobile accident that occurred in Habersham County, Georgia. On 2 July 1995, Michelle Clayton Hall and defendant Chip Lee Hall were married in North Carolina. Following their wedding, they started to Atlanta to catch a plane for their honeymoon. On the way, their car collided with a tractor-trailer driven by defendant Dennis Hal Burnett. Michelle Clayton Hall died instantly. Plaintiff Mike Clayton, the father of Michelle Clayton Hall, filed this wrongful death action on behalf of her estate on 27 June 1997, alleging negligence by Chip Lee Hall, who was driving their car, and by defendant Burnett and his employers. The trial court entered summary judgment in favor of the defendants, concluding that, under Georgia law, plaintiff was the wrong party to institute a wrongful death action. Plaintiff appeals. We reverse.

At the outset, we must ascertain whether Georgia law or North Carolina law applies to the instant action. The conflict of laws provisions of this state are well-settled. Matters affecting the substantive [748]*748rights of the parties are determined by the lex loci, or where the wrong occurred; matters affecting the remedial or procedural rights of the parties are determined by the lex fori, or where the claim is filed. Boudreau v. Baughman, 322 N.C. 331, 335, 368 S.E.2d 849, 853-54 (1988). Plaintiff contends that the determination of who is a proper party to sue is merely a procedural right, such that North Carolina law governs. We disagree.

The common law rule has been summarized as follows:

The matter of who is the proper plaintiff in a wrongful death action brought in one jurisdiction for a death resulting from a wrong committed in another has been said to be governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the wrong occurred, under the theory that such matter is a part of the substantive law, rather than merely a matter of procedure.

22A Am. Jur. 2d Death § 413 (1988). Though we have found no North Carolina case law directly addressing the propriety of the common law rule, we have found one case that has implicitly accepted it. In Evans v. Morrow, 234 N.C. 600, 68 S.E.2d 258 (1951), an automobile collided with a tractor-trailer in South Carolina, resulting in the death of the driver of the automobile. Id. at 602, 68 S.E.2d at 260. The driver of the tractor-trailer instituted a negligence action in North Carolina against the automobile driver’s father, individually, under the family purpose doctrine. Id. The automobile driver’s father subsequently qualified as administrator of his deceased son’s estate, whereupon he filed a negligence suit against the driver of the tractor-trailer in South Carolina. Id. The driver of the tractor-trailer then sought to enjoin the father from proceeding in South Carolina, contending that North Carolina’s courts acquired prior jurisdiction over him in his representative capacity when the driver of the tractor-trailer commenced the negligence action in North Carolina. In rejecting this argument, our Supreme Court made the following statement relevant to the issue before this Court today:

All matters of substantive law relating to the wrongful death action are governed by the law of South Carolina, where the fatal accident occurred. Under that law, nobody can sue to enforce a cause of action for death by wrongful act except the executor or administrator of the decedent.

Id. at 605-06, 68 S.E.2d at 262 (citations omitted). Thus, the Evans court implicitly treated the matter of who may institute a wrongful death action as a substantive matter to be governed by the lex loci. [749]*749We now explicitly hold that this issue is one of substantive law such that the lex loci controls, and that is Georgia.

Notwithstanding the general rule, our courts have adopted a limited exception to the lex loci principle. Specifically, our courts apply North Carolina law if the law of the other state offends North Carolina public policy. See, e.g., Leonard v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp., 309 N.C. 91, 305 S.E.2d 528 (1983) (choosing to apply North Carolina’s worker’s compensation laws after concluding that Virginia’s worker’s compensation system- was contrary to North Carolina public policy). But “a mere difference as to the person entitled to maintain a given cause of action ... is [insufficient or [in] adequate dissimilarity to work a denial of the usual principles of comity prevailing among the states of the Union.” Rodwell v. Coach Co., 205 N.C. 292, 295, 171 S.E. 100, 102 (1933). Accordingly, application of the public policy exception to the lex loci principle is not warranted here. As such, because the accident occurred in Georgia, its laws control who is entitled to bring forth this wrongful death suit. We now turn to Georgia’s substantive law.

Georgia has a very specific wrongful death statutory procedure. We begin by separating the types of damages sought by plaintiff. Under Georgia’s law, “[w]hen death of a human being results from a crime or from criminal or other negligence, the personal representative of the deceased person shall be entitled to recover for the funeral, medical, and other necessary expenses resulting from the injury and death of the deceased person.” Ga. Code Ann. § 51-4-5(b) (Supp. 1999) (emphasis added). Plaintiff, as Michelle Clayton Hall’s personal representative, has specifically sought funeral expenses and is thus statutorily entitled to pursue them. See, e.g., Hosley v. Davidson, 439 S.E.2d 742 (Ga. Ct. App. 1993) (denying personal representative’s claims for wrongful death as being the inappropriate party, but granting his claims for funeral expenses).

Plaintiff has also sought damages for wrongful death. Under Georgia law, the party who is entitled to seek wrongful death damages is quite limited:

The surviving spouse or, if there is no surviving spouse, a child or children, either minor or sui juris, may recover for the homicide of the spouse or parent....

Ga. Code Ann. § 51-4-2(a) (Supp. 1999) (emphasis added). This statutory provision is to be construed strictly. Walden v. John D. Archbold [750]*750Mem’l Hosp., 398 S.E.2d 271, 273 (Ga. Ct. App. 1990). Thus, pursuant to the plain language of the statute, defendant Chip Lee Hall, as the surviving spouse, is the only party entitled to pursue a claim for wrongful death.

Plaintiff nonetheless cites section 51-4-5(a) to suggest that the personal representative may institute a wrongful death claim here. That provision states:

When there is no person entitled to bring an action for the wrongful death of a decedent under Code Section 51-4-2 ..., the administrator or executor of the decedent may bring an action ....

Ga.

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Walden v. John D. Archbold Memorial Hospital, Inc.
398 S.E.2d 271 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1990)
Jones v. Jones
376 S.E.2d 674 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 1989)
Matthews v. Douberley
428 S.E.2d 588 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1993)
Emory University v. Dorsey
429 S.E.2d 307 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1993)
Brown v. Liberty Oil & Refining Corp.
403 S.E.2d 806 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 1991)
Boudreau v. Baughman
368 S.E.2d 849 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1988)
Hosley v. Davidson
439 S.E.2d 742 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1993)
Leonard v. Johns-Manville Sales Corp.
305 S.E.2d 528 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1983)
Evans v. Morrow
68 S.E.2d 258 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1951)
Rodwell v. Camel City Coach Co.
171 S.E. 100 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1933)

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Bluebook (online)
522 S.E.2d 785, 135 N.C. App. 746, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 1232, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/clayton-v-burnett-ncctapp-1999.