City of Covington v. Hardebeck

883 S.W.2d 499, 1994 Ky. App. LEXIS 53, 1994 WL 193874
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedMay 20, 1994
DocketNo. 93-CA-000475-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 883 S.W.2d 499 (City of Covington v. Hardebeck) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
City of Covington v. Hardebeck, 883 S.W.2d 499, 1994 Ky. App. LEXIS 53, 1994 WL 193874 (Ky. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

SCHRODER, Judge:

This is an appeal of a civil action brought for the return of a parcel of real estate acquired from appellees by the appellant/city through eminent domain. The circuit court held the reversionary clause in KRS 416.670 was applicable and ordered a portion of the property returned to the original owners.

In December of 1981, the City of Coving-ton (the City) filed an eminent domain proceeding against Raymond and Hilda Harde-beck to condemn their property for the purpose of expanding Goebel Park in Covington, Kenton County, Kentucky. The property included a building and a free-standing billboard which was, and is still, leased for a Holiday Inn ad. The condemnation action was tried to a jury, which awarded a total of $120,000 to the Hardebecks for their property. The award was not broken down into the amounts given for the land, building, and fixtures, although the jury was presented with such evidence. Final judgment was entered on March 24, 1983, after the City earlier took possession of the property on February 12, 1982. On April 18, 1983, the Harde-becks executed a quitclaim deed, conveying what interest they had in the property to the City.

In order to fund the expansion of Goebel Park, the City sought financing from federal and state sources. The City was told that in order to receive financing, it had to remove a Holiday Inn sign located at the northwest comer of Ninth and Philadelphia Streets on a tract of the Hardebecks’ former property [500]*500since the sign was deemed as not being compatible with outdoor recreation. Instead, the City excepted “the land upon which the Holiday Inn sign is located” from the Goebel Park expansion project by Covington Commissioners’ Order/Resolution No. R-456-84. The precise boundaries of that “land” are set out on plats and drawings of record that were submitted by the City to state and federal government (TR, pp. 39-40). The same lease and rental use is being made of the billboard that the Hardebecks made of it prior to the condemnation.

Pursuant to KRS 416.670(1), the Harde-becks filed suit on February 11, 1992, to exercise their right to repurchase the billboard property since it had not been committed to a public use within eight (8) years of its condemnation. They also demanded recovery of rents paid to the City for lease of the billboard property since it took possession on February 12, 1982. On January 21, 1993, the Kenton Circuit Court entered a partial summary judgment in favor of the Hardebecks. Pursuant to KRS 416.670(1), the judgment required the City to retransfer the tract of land upon which the billboard sits. The judgment also required the Harde-becks to repay the City an amount of money to be determined by a fixed formula. The judgment, however, specifically “reserved for separate consideration” the issue of recovery of backrent and stated that “[t]his is a final judgment and there is no just cause of delay.” The City appeals. No one questions and we do not doubt that this is a final order.

The appellant/City does argue a number of reasons for reversing the trial court’s summary judgment. Arguments A, C and D all deal with determining the use of the land, or how much was used for the billboard and the application of Miles v. Dawson, Ky., 830 S.W.2d 368 (1991).1

KRS 416.670(1) states as follows:

Development shall be started on any property which has been acquired through condemnation within a period of eight (8) years from the date of the deed to the condemnor or the date on which the con-demnor took possession, whichever is earlier, for the purpose for which it was condemned. The failure of the condemnor to so begin development shall entitle the current landowner to repurchase the property at the price the condemnor paid to the landowner for the property. The current owner of the land from which the condemned land was taken may reacquire the land as aforementioned.

The only case interpreting KRS 416.670(1) is Miles v. Dawson, supra. In that case, Miles, the former owner of condemned land, brought an action pursuant to KRS 416.-670(1) to reacquire approximately five (5) acres of a fifteen (15)-acre tract of land not used in a highway construction project. The Kentucky Supreme Court held that Miles had a statutory right to repurchase that part of the condemned property [the five (5) acres] not actually used for the public (highway) purpose originally designated. The Court rejected the state’s interpretation of “any property” in KRS 416.670(1) as referring to the condemned tract in its entirety. The Court stated that the legislative intent was to return “any” unused property to its original owner. Id. at 370.

Obviously, the appellant/City can prevail only if the facts of the present case are meaningfully distinguishable from those presented in Miles. We find no such distinction. We note that in Miles the state stipulated that a substantial portion [thirty percent (30%) ] of the condemned property was not needed for the condemned purpose. Id. at 370. In the present ease, in Commissioners’ Order/Resolution No. R-456-84 “[t]he land upon which the Holiday Inn sign is located is excluded from the Goebel Park Phase III [501]*501Project.” The land is surrounded by an access area which would naturally be included within the scope of R-456-84. There is no genuine issue of fact as to the City’s failure to develop the “land” for public park purposes. It is therefore subject to KRS 416.-670(1).

We also note that in Miles the state attempted to transfer the property to another private party, the Evangel Tabernacle of the Assemblies of God, Inc., to settle litigation with it arising from the highway construction project. Id. at 369 and 370. The rationale underlying Miles was that “mere convenience is not a sufficient justification for the condemning authority to act as a land broker for private interests.” Id. at 370. In the present case, though the state has not attempted to transfer the fee to the property to another private party, only a lease, we do not see this as a meaningful distinction. Were we to hold otherwise, the state could circumvent the Miles result by simply transferring a leasehold rather than a freehold interest in the property to a third party, as in fact occurred in the present case.

The City is correct when it asserts that the property that was not developed for public park purposes is minuscule in size relative to the entire amount originally condemned. However, the City relies on the concurring opinion of Justice Lambert to the effect that:

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Bluebook (online)
883 S.W.2d 499, 1994 Ky. App. LEXIS 53, 1994 WL 193874, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/city-of-covington-v-hardebeck-kyctapp-1994.