MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any May 13 2020, 9:31 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Donald J. Frew Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Benjamin J. Shoptaw Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Christopher L. Hodges, May 13, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-2769 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause Nos. 02D05-1907-F6-794 02D05-1908-F6-955
Bailey, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Christopher L. Hodges (“Hodges”) pleaded guilty to eight offenses—six felonies
and two misdemeanors. The plea was taken under advisement while Hodges
participated in a Drug Court Program. After Hodges violated the rules of the
program, the court imposed an aggregate executed sentence of three years.
Hodges now appeals, arguing that his sentence is inappropriate. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On June 25, 2019, the Fort Wayne Police Department received a report that a
male with a backpack kept falling while pushing a bicycle. Law enforcement
spoke with the male, who gave the name of Joshua Seale. Further investigation
revealed that the male was Hodges and that Hodges had two outstanding
warrants for his arrest. Hodges was arrested. Law enforcement searched
Hodges’s backpack, which contained methamphetamine and fentanyl. The
State charged Hodges with (1) Possession of Cocaine or Narcotic Drug, as a
Level 6 felony;1 (2) Possession of Methamphetamine, as a Level 6 felony;2 and
(3) False Informing, as a Class B misdemeanor.3 Hodges was released on bond.
1 Ind. Code § 35-48-4-6(a). 2 I.C. § 35-48-4-6.1(a). 3 I.C. § 35-44.1-2-3(d)(1).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 2 of 7 [3] On July 30, 2019, the Fort Wayne Police Department responded to a reported
theft. The suspect—Hodges—had reportedly placed merchandise in bags in his
shopping cart and gone through the checkout process without paying for the
concealed items. Hodges was arrested. Law enforcement searched his pockets
and bags, finding methamphetamine, fentanyl, a glass pipe, and a syringe. In a
new cause, the State charged Hodges with (1) Possession of Methamphetamine,
as a Level 6 felony;4 (2) Possession of Cocaine or Narcotic Drug, as a Level 6
felony;5 (3) Possession of Syringe, as a Level 6 felony;6 (4) Theft, as a Level 6
felony;7 and (5) Possession of Paraphernalia, as a Class C misdemeanor.8
[4] Hodges reached an agreement with the State regarding participation in a Drug
Court Program. Under the terms of the agreement, Hodges would plead guilty
to all eight counts and would participate in services, including treatment for
addiction. If Hodges successfully completed all program requirements, the
State would move to dismiss the charges. Hodges pleaded guilty. The court
took the plea under advisement and placed Hodges in the Drug Court Program.
[5] In September 2019, a petition was filed to terminate Hodges’s participation in
the program. The petition alleged that Hodges violated program requirements
4 I.C. § 35-48-4-6.1(a). 5 I.C. § 35-48-4-6(a). 6 I.C. § 16-42-19-18(a). 7 I.C. § 35-43-4-2(a)(1)(c). 8 I.C. § 35-48-4-8.3(b)(1).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 3 of 7 because he was unsuccessfully discharged from treatment, failed to appear in
court, was arrested, and failed to notify his case manager of the arrest. The trial
court determined that Hodges was non-compliant. The court revoked Hodges’s
placement in the Drug Court Program and scheduled a sentencing hearing.
[6] At the sentencing hearing, Hodges apologized for “wasting the opportunity” he
was given. Tr. at 6. He said, “I really wish I could do it all over again.” Id. In
fashioning a sentence, the trial court found that the decision to plead guilty and
the expression of remorse were mitigating circumstances. As for aggravating
circumstances, the court looked to Hodges’s criminal history. As a juvenile,
Hodges had been committed to the Allen County Juvenile Center. As an adult,
Hodges had four misdemeanor convictions and one felony conviction. The
court noted that Hodges had received “the benefit of shorter jail sentences,
longer jail sentences, active adult probation, services with Criminal Division
Services, the Alcohol Countermeasures Program, time through Allen County
Community Corrections, [and] treatment at Caring About People.” Id. at 8.
The trial court told Hodges, “You’ve been on home detention, you’ve been
through Restoration Court, you’ve been in multiple halfway houses, active
adult probation, and ultimately, the Drug Court Program.” Id.
[7] The trial court entered judgments of conviction on the eight counts. As to the
three counts in the first cause, the trial court imposed concurrent executed
sentences—1.5 years for each Level 6 felony and 180 days for the Class B
misdemeanor. As to the five counts in the second cause, the court also imposed
concurrent executed sentences—1.5 years for each Level 6 felony and 60 days
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 4 of 7 for the Class C misdemeanor. The trial court ordered the sentences in the
second cause to run consecutive to the sentences in the first cause, resulting in
an aggregate sentence of three years in the Indiana Department of Correction.
[8] Hodges now brings this consolidated appeal.
Discussion and Decision [9] Under Appellate Rule 7(B), an appellate court “may revise a sentence
authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the
Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense
and the character of the offender.” Appellate review should “focus on the
forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or
concurrent, number of counts, or length of the sentence on any individual
count.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind. 2008). In reviewing a
sentence, we are not assessing whether a different sentence would be more
appropriate. See Helsley v. State, 43 N.E.3d 225, 228 (Ind. 2015). Rather, we are
assessing whether the imposed sentence is inappropriate. See id. Moreover, as
“sentencing is principally a discretionary function,” Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at
1222, we give considerable deference to the court’s decision, Stephenson v. State,
29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind. 2015). That deference “should prevail unless
overcome by compelling evidence portraying in a positive light the nature of the
offense (such as accompanied by restraint, regard, and lack of brutality) and the
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any May 13 2020, 9:31 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Donald J. Frew Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Benjamin J. Shoptaw Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Christopher L. Hodges, May 13, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-2769 v. Appeal from the Allen Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Frances C. Gull, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause Nos. 02D05-1907-F6-794 02D05-1908-F6-955
Bailey, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 1 of 7 Case Summary [1] Christopher L. Hodges (“Hodges”) pleaded guilty to eight offenses—six felonies
and two misdemeanors. The plea was taken under advisement while Hodges
participated in a Drug Court Program. After Hodges violated the rules of the
program, the court imposed an aggregate executed sentence of three years.
Hodges now appeals, arguing that his sentence is inappropriate. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On June 25, 2019, the Fort Wayne Police Department received a report that a
male with a backpack kept falling while pushing a bicycle. Law enforcement
spoke with the male, who gave the name of Joshua Seale. Further investigation
revealed that the male was Hodges and that Hodges had two outstanding
warrants for his arrest. Hodges was arrested. Law enforcement searched
Hodges’s backpack, which contained methamphetamine and fentanyl. The
State charged Hodges with (1) Possession of Cocaine or Narcotic Drug, as a
Level 6 felony;1 (2) Possession of Methamphetamine, as a Level 6 felony;2 and
(3) False Informing, as a Class B misdemeanor.3 Hodges was released on bond.
1 Ind. Code § 35-48-4-6(a). 2 I.C. § 35-48-4-6.1(a). 3 I.C. § 35-44.1-2-3(d)(1).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 2 of 7 [3] On July 30, 2019, the Fort Wayne Police Department responded to a reported
theft. The suspect—Hodges—had reportedly placed merchandise in bags in his
shopping cart and gone through the checkout process without paying for the
concealed items. Hodges was arrested. Law enforcement searched his pockets
and bags, finding methamphetamine, fentanyl, a glass pipe, and a syringe. In a
new cause, the State charged Hodges with (1) Possession of Methamphetamine,
as a Level 6 felony;4 (2) Possession of Cocaine or Narcotic Drug, as a Level 6
felony;5 (3) Possession of Syringe, as a Level 6 felony;6 (4) Theft, as a Level 6
felony;7 and (5) Possession of Paraphernalia, as a Class C misdemeanor.8
[4] Hodges reached an agreement with the State regarding participation in a Drug
Court Program. Under the terms of the agreement, Hodges would plead guilty
to all eight counts and would participate in services, including treatment for
addiction. If Hodges successfully completed all program requirements, the
State would move to dismiss the charges. Hodges pleaded guilty. The court
took the plea under advisement and placed Hodges in the Drug Court Program.
[5] In September 2019, a petition was filed to terminate Hodges’s participation in
the program. The petition alleged that Hodges violated program requirements
4 I.C. § 35-48-4-6.1(a). 5 I.C. § 35-48-4-6(a). 6 I.C. § 16-42-19-18(a). 7 I.C. § 35-43-4-2(a)(1)(c). 8 I.C. § 35-48-4-8.3(b)(1).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 3 of 7 because he was unsuccessfully discharged from treatment, failed to appear in
court, was arrested, and failed to notify his case manager of the arrest. The trial
court determined that Hodges was non-compliant. The court revoked Hodges’s
placement in the Drug Court Program and scheduled a sentencing hearing.
[6] At the sentencing hearing, Hodges apologized for “wasting the opportunity” he
was given. Tr. at 6. He said, “I really wish I could do it all over again.” Id. In
fashioning a sentence, the trial court found that the decision to plead guilty and
the expression of remorse were mitigating circumstances. As for aggravating
circumstances, the court looked to Hodges’s criminal history. As a juvenile,
Hodges had been committed to the Allen County Juvenile Center. As an adult,
Hodges had four misdemeanor convictions and one felony conviction. The
court noted that Hodges had received “the benefit of shorter jail sentences,
longer jail sentences, active adult probation, services with Criminal Division
Services, the Alcohol Countermeasures Program, time through Allen County
Community Corrections, [and] treatment at Caring About People.” Id. at 8.
The trial court told Hodges, “You’ve been on home detention, you’ve been
through Restoration Court, you’ve been in multiple halfway houses, active
adult probation, and ultimately, the Drug Court Program.” Id.
[7] The trial court entered judgments of conviction on the eight counts. As to the
three counts in the first cause, the trial court imposed concurrent executed
sentences—1.5 years for each Level 6 felony and 180 days for the Class B
misdemeanor. As to the five counts in the second cause, the court also imposed
concurrent executed sentences—1.5 years for each Level 6 felony and 60 days
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 4 of 7 for the Class C misdemeanor. The trial court ordered the sentences in the
second cause to run consecutive to the sentences in the first cause, resulting in
an aggregate sentence of three years in the Indiana Department of Correction.
[8] Hodges now brings this consolidated appeal.
Discussion and Decision [9] Under Appellate Rule 7(B), an appellate court “may revise a sentence
authorized by statute if, after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the
Court finds that the sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense
and the character of the offender.” Appellate review should “focus on the
forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or
concurrent, number of counts, or length of the sentence on any individual
count.” Cardwell v. State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind. 2008). In reviewing a
sentence, we are not assessing whether a different sentence would be more
appropriate. See Helsley v. State, 43 N.E.3d 225, 228 (Ind. 2015). Rather, we are
assessing whether the imposed sentence is inappropriate. See id. Moreover, as
“sentencing is principally a discretionary function,” Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at
1222, we give considerable deference to the court’s decision, Stephenson v. State,
29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind. 2015). That deference “should prevail unless
overcome by compelling evidence portraying in a positive light the nature of the
offense (such as accompanied by restraint, regard, and lack of brutality) and the
defendant’s character (such as substantial virtuous traits or persistent examples
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 5 of 7 of good character).” Id. Ultimately, sentence revision is appropriate only in
“exceptional cases.” Livingston v. State, 113 N.E.3d 611, 613 (Ind. 2018).
[10] Regarding the instant offenses, the sentences are authorized by statute. See I.C.
§ 35-50-2-7 (providing a sentencing range of six months to two-and-one-half
years for a Level 6 felony, with an advisory of one year); I.C. § 35-50-3-3
(allowing a sentence of up to 180 days for a Class B misdemeanor); I.C. § 35-50-
3-4 (allowing a sentence of up to 60 days for a Class C misdemeanor); I.C. § 35-
50-1-2(e) (requiring a court to impose consecutive sentences between causes
when a person has committed another crime while released on bond).
[11] As to the nature of the offenses, Hodges possessed contraband on two
occasions. On the first occasion, Hodges struggled to walk and gave a false
name to law enforcement. On the second occasion—while released on bond—
Hodges did not pay for concealed merchandise. According to Hodges, the
overall nature of these offenses indicates that he struggles with addiction. We
agree with Hodges. However, we discern nothing remarkable about the
criminal conduct itself that warrants revising the sentence chosen by the court.
[12] As to the character of the offender, Hodges acknowledges that he has a
“concerning” criminal history, including a “history of setbacks, unsuccessful
program compliance, and arrests for new offenses.” Br. of Appellant at 18.
Hodges points out that he expressed remorse at sentencing. He notes that he
was candid during his Presentence Investigation, admitting to daily use of
heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine prior to his incarceration. Hodges also
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 6 of 7 points out that, despite his criminal history and struggles with addiction, his
risk-assessment score put him in only the moderate risk category to reoffend.
[13] In seeking sentence revision, Hodges ultimately suggests that “a different
balance of executed time and probationary supervision thereafter might make
more sense [for] someone who is struggling with such a severe addiction.” Id.
[14] We are mindful that Hodges has struggled with addiction. The trial court was
also mindful of those struggles, as it gave Hodges the opportunity to avoid eight
convictions by participating in the Drug Court Program. However, Hodges
was non-compliant. Moreover, although Hodges suggests that his sentence
should include time on probation, we note that Hodges has received lenient
sentences in the past—including the opportunity to participate in services. Yet,
Hodges has not managed to conform his behavior to comply with the law.
[15] Having reviewed the matter, we cannot say that the sentence is inappropriate.
[16] Affirmed.
Crone, J., and Altice, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2769 | May 13, 2020 Page 7 of 7