FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT May 24, 2018
Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court JEROME A. CHRISTMON,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. No. 17-3209 D.C. No. 2:16-CV-02341-CM B&B AIRPARTS, INC., (D. Kan.)
Defendant - Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BRISCOE, HARTZ, and BACHARACH, Circuit Judges.
Mr. Jerome Christmon sued his former employer (B&B Airparts,
Inc.) under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, claiming
discrimination for failure to accommodate religious practices. Mr.
Christmon is a Hebrew Israelite and regards Saturday as the Sabbath.
Nonetheless, Mr. Christmon was required to work mandatory overtime
* We conclude that oral argument would not materially help us to decide this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)(C); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). Thus, we have decided the appeal based on the briefs.
This order and judgment does not constitute binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. But the order and judgment may be cited for its persuasive value under Fed. R. App. P. 32.1(a) and 10th Cir. R. 32.1(A). shifts on some Saturdays. Because of his beliefs, Mr. Christmon asked to
work his overtime hours on Sundays instead of Saturdays. B&B Airparts
told Mr. Christmon that if he needed time off for religious reasons, he had
to complete a “Request for Time Off form.”
Mr. Christmon did not submit the form. Instead, he simply stopped
coming to work when he was assigned Saturday shifts. B&B Airparts did
not take any disciplinary action, and Mr. Christmon admits that he was not
required to work on Saturdays. But he remained dissatisfied because he
lost the opportunity to earn overtime hours, which he would have kept if he
had been assigned shifts on Sunday. Mr. Christmon was ultimately fired for
violating B&B Airparts’ sexual harassment policy.
After the firing, Mr. Christmon sued under Title VII, claiming that
B&B Airparts had discriminated against him by failing to change his
weekend shifts from Saturdays to Sundays. On this claim, the district court
granted summary judgment to B&B Airparts, holding that it had provided a
reasonable accommodation to Mr. Christmon.
Mr. Christmon appeals, arguing that the district court erred in
granting summary judgment because
B&B Airparts had submitted an uncertified deposition transcript with the summary-judgment motion,
B&B Airparts had failed to submit any interrogatory responses, and
the record had not shown a reasonable accommodation. 2 We reject these arguments. B&B Airparts provided undisputed evidence
that Mr. Christmon’s deposition was certified, no obligation existed to
support the summary-judgment motion with interrogatory responses, and
B&B Airparts provided a reasonable accommodation by allowing Mr.
Christmon to miss his Saturday shifts. For these reasons, we affirm.
I. Standard of Review
We review de novo the district court’s grant of summary judgment.
Knopf v. Williams, 884 F.3d 939, 946 (10th Cir. 2018). Summary judgment
is appropriate “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). In applying this standard, we view the
evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to Mr.
Christmon. See Knopf, 884 F.3d at 946.
II. Evidentiary Issues
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court erred by (1) relying on
uncertified testimony from Mr. Christmon’s deposition and (2) granting
B&B Airparts’ motion even though it had not been supported by
interrogatory responses. Mr. Christmon’s arguments fail because B&B
Airparts (1) presented undisputed evidence that Mr. Christmon’s deposition
transcript had been certified and (2) was not required to support the motion
with interrogatory responses.
3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(f)(1) requires that deposition
transcripts be accompanied by a certification “that the witness was duly
sworn and that the deposition accurately records the witness’s testimony.”
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court could not consider his
deposition testimony because B&B Airparts had filed a transcript lacking
the required certification.
For this argument, Mr. Christmon relies on three opinions from the
Southern District of Ohio: Moore v. Florida Bank of Commerce, 654 F.
Supp. 38 (S.D. Ohio 1986), Morphew v. Lawhon & Associates, Inc., No.
2:10-cv-716, 2011 WL 6122638 (S.D. Ohio Dec. 8, 2011), and Soliday v.
Miami County, No. C-3-91-153, 1993 WL 1377511 (S.D. Ohio Nov. 22,
1993). Reliance on these opinions is misguided because in these cases, the
parties relying on the deposition testimony failed to provide the court with
a deposition certification. Moore, 654 F. Supp. at 41 n.2; Morphew, 2011
WL 6122638 at *2; Soliday, 1993 WL 1377511 at *5 n.4. 1 Here, B&B
Airparts filed the certification when the plaintiffs raised the issue. Because
the certification was filed, the district court did not err in considering the
deposition testimony.
1 When transcript excerpts are filed, the Southern District of Ohio’s local rules require the filer to include the certification. S.D. Ohio Civ. R. 7.2(e). No such requirement exists in the District of Kansas’s local rules. Cf. D. Kan. R. 56.1(d) (requiring attachment of cited deposition excerpts without mention of the certification).
4 Mr. Christmon also argues that the district court erred in granting
summary judgment because B&B Airparts had failed to support its motion
with interrogatory responses. But Rule 56 did not require B&B Airparts to
support its motion with interrogatory responses. Thus, Mr. Christmon’s
argument fails.
III. Reasonable Accommodation
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court erred in holding that
B&B Airparts had provided a reasonable accommodation. We disagree. The
undisputed evidence shows that B&B Airparts allowed Mr. Christmon to
skip mandatory Saturday shifts after he had explained his religious
concern. This relief from Saturday shifts constituted a reasonable
accommodation, and the district court did not err in granting summary
judgment to B&B Airparts.
Mr. Christmon bears the initial burden to show a prima facie case of
religious discrimination for failure to accommodate. Thomas v. Nat’l Ass’n
of Letter Carriers, 225 F.3d 1149, 1155 (10th Cir. 2000). Mr. Christmon
must show that he
has a “bona fide religious belief that conflicts with an employment requirement,”
informed B&B Airparts of this belief, and
“was fired for failure to comply with the conflicting employment requirement.”
5 Id. If Mr. Christmon satisfies his burden, the burden would shift to B&B
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FILED United States Court of Appeals UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT May 24, 2018
Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court JEROME A. CHRISTMON,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. No. 17-3209 D.C. No. 2:16-CV-02341-CM B&B AIRPARTS, INC., (D. Kan.)
Defendant - Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BRISCOE, HARTZ, and BACHARACH, Circuit Judges.
Mr. Jerome Christmon sued his former employer (B&B Airparts,
Inc.) under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, claiming
discrimination for failure to accommodate religious practices. Mr.
Christmon is a Hebrew Israelite and regards Saturday as the Sabbath.
Nonetheless, Mr. Christmon was required to work mandatory overtime
* We conclude that oral argument would not materially help us to decide this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2)(C); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). Thus, we have decided the appeal based on the briefs.
This order and judgment does not constitute binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. But the order and judgment may be cited for its persuasive value under Fed. R. App. P. 32.1(a) and 10th Cir. R. 32.1(A). shifts on some Saturdays. Because of his beliefs, Mr. Christmon asked to
work his overtime hours on Sundays instead of Saturdays. B&B Airparts
told Mr. Christmon that if he needed time off for religious reasons, he had
to complete a “Request for Time Off form.”
Mr. Christmon did not submit the form. Instead, he simply stopped
coming to work when he was assigned Saturday shifts. B&B Airparts did
not take any disciplinary action, and Mr. Christmon admits that he was not
required to work on Saturdays. But he remained dissatisfied because he
lost the opportunity to earn overtime hours, which he would have kept if he
had been assigned shifts on Sunday. Mr. Christmon was ultimately fired for
violating B&B Airparts’ sexual harassment policy.
After the firing, Mr. Christmon sued under Title VII, claiming that
B&B Airparts had discriminated against him by failing to change his
weekend shifts from Saturdays to Sundays. On this claim, the district court
granted summary judgment to B&B Airparts, holding that it had provided a
reasonable accommodation to Mr. Christmon.
Mr. Christmon appeals, arguing that the district court erred in
granting summary judgment because
B&B Airparts had submitted an uncertified deposition transcript with the summary-judgment motion,
B&B Airparts had failed to submit any interrogatory responses, and
the record had not shown a reasonable accommodation. 2 We reject these arguments. B&B Airparts provided undisputed evidence
that Mr. Christmon’s deposition was certified, no obligation existed to
support the summary-judgment motion with interrogatory responses, and
B&B Airparts provided a reasonable accommodation by allowing Mr.
Christmon to miss his Saturday shifts. For these reasons, we affirm.
I. Standard of Review
We review de novo the district court’s grant of summary judgment.
Knopf v. Williams, 884 F.3d 939, 946 (10th Cir. 2018). Summary judgment
is appropriate “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to
any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). In applying this standard, we view the
evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to Mr.
Christmon. See Knopf, 884 F.3d at 946.
II. Evidentiary Issues
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court erred by (1) relying on
uncertified testimony from Mr. Christmon’s deposition and (2) granting
B&B Airparts’ motion even though it had not been supported by
interrogatory responses. Mr. Christmon’s arguments fail because B&B
Airparts (1) presented undisputed evidence that Mr. Christmon’s deposition
transcript had been certified and (2) was not required to support the motion
with interrogatory responses.
3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(f)(1) requires that deposition
transcripts be accompanied by a certification “that the witness was duly
sworn and that the deposition accurately records the witness’s testimony.”
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court could not consider his
deposition testimony because B&B Airparts had filed a transcript lacking
the required certification.
For this argument, Mr. Christmon relies on three opinions from the
Southern District of Ohio: Moore v. Florida Bank of Commerce, 654 F.
Supp. 38 (S.D. Ohio 1986), Morphew v. Lawhon & Associates, Inc., No.
2:10-cv-716, 2011 WL 6122638 (S.D. Ohio Dec. 8, 2011), and Soliday v.
Miami County, No. C-3-91-153, 1993 WL 1377511 (S.D. Ohio Nov. 22,
1993). Reliance on these opinions is misguided because in these cases, the
parties relying on the deposition testimony failed to provide the court with
a deposition certification. Moore, 654 F. Supp. at 41 n.2; Morphew, 2011
WL 6122638 at *2; Soliday, 1993 WL 1377511 at *5 n.4. 1 Here, B&B
Airparts filed the certification when the plaintiffs raised the issue. Because
the certification was filed, the district court did not err in considering the
deposition testimony.
1 When transcript excerpts are filed, the Southern District of Ohio’s local rules require the filer to include the certification. S.D. Ohio Civ. R. 7.2(e). No such requirement exists in the District of Kansas’s local rules. Cf. D. Kan. R. 56.1(d) (requiring attachment of cited deposition excerpts without mention of the certification).
4 Mr. Christmon also argues that the district court erred in granting
summary judgment because B&B Airparts had failed to support its motion
with interrogatory responses. But Rule 56 did not require B&B Airparts to
support its motion with interrogatory responses. Thus, Mr. Christmon’s
argument fails.
III. Reasonable Accommodation
Mr. Christmon argues that the district court erred in holding that
B&B Airparts had provided a reasonable accommodation. We disagree. The
undisputed evidence shows that B&B Airparts allowed Mr. Christmon to
skip mandatory Saturday shifts after he had explained his religious
concern. This relief from Saturday shifts constituted a reasonable
accommodation, and the district court did not err in granting summary
judgment to B&B Airparts.
Mr. Christmon bears the initial burden to show a prima facie case of
religious discrimination for failure to accommodate. Thomas v. Nat’l Ass’n
of Letter Carriers, 225 F.3d 1149, 1155 (10th Cir. 2000). Mr. Christmon
must show that he
has a “bona fide religious belief that conflicts with an employment requirement,”
informed B&B Airparts of this belief, and
“was fired for failure to comply with the conflicting employment requirement.”
5 Id. If Mr. Christmon satisfies his burden, the burden would shift to B&B
Airparts, which would need to
conclusively rebut an element of Mr. Christmon’s prima facie case,
show the offering of a reasonable accommodation, or
show an inability to reasonably accommodate Mr. Christmon’s religious beliefs without undue hardship.
Id. at 1156. The district court assumed that Mr. Christmon had met his
burden and decided as a matter of law that B&B Airparts’ accommodation
had been reasonable. We agree.
“‘Accommodate . . . means . . . allowing the plaintiff to engage in
[his] religious practice despite the employer’s normal rules to the
contrary.’” Tabura v. Kellogg USA, 880 F.3d 544, 550 (10th Cir. 2018)
(quoting EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc., 135 S. Ct. 2028, 2032
n.2 (2015) (omissions in original)). But a reasonable accommodation does
not necessarily spare an employee from any resulting cost. Pinsker v. Joint
Dist. No. 28J, 735 F.2d 388, 390–91 (10th Cir. 1984). Thus, the
accommodation may be reasonable even though it is not the one that the
employee prefers. Id. at 390.
The undisputed evidence shows that
B&B Airparts required its employees to work overtime shifts on Saturdays when scheduled,
6 before informing his supervisor of his need for religious accommodation, Mr. Christmon had been disciplined for failing to appear for a Saturday shift, and
once Mr. Christmon had told his supervisor about the conflict between his religious beliefs and the Saturday shifts, B&B Airparts allowed Mr. Christmon to skip Saturday shifts with no disciplinary consequences.
See R. at 141 (deposition testimony of Mr. Christmon stating that B&B
Airparts “basically just allowed me to not come in on my scheduled
Saturdays”).
Though Mr. Christmon requested an opportunity to make up his
overtime hours on Sunday, Title VII did not require B&B Airparts to offer
Mr. Christmon’s preferred accommodation. B&B Airparts’ accommodation
allowed Mr. Christmon to avoid the conflict with his religious beliefs even
if he lost the opportunity for overtime. See Ansonia Bd. of Educ. v.
Philbrook, 479 U.S. 60, 70 (1986) (“[U]npaid leave eliminates the conflict
between employment requirements and religious practices by allowing the
individual to observe fully religious holy days and requires him only to
give up compensation for a day that he did not in fact work.”); Pinsker v.
Joint Dist. No. 28J, 735 F.2d 388, 391 (10th Cir. 1984) (“Defendant’s
policy, although it may require teachers to take occasional unpaid leave, is
not an unreasonable accommodation of teachers’ religious practices.”). 2
2 Mr. Christmon cites three consent decrees to support his position. Consent Decree, EEOC v. United Parcel Service, Inc., No. 2:12-cv-07334-
7 Thus, the district court did not err in deciding that B&B Airparts had
provided Mr. Christmon with a reasonable accommodation.
IV. Conclusion
We conclude that
the district court did not err in considering Mr. Christmon’s deposition testimony even though B&B Airparts’ motion had not initially included the certification,
B&B Airparts was not required to support its summary- judgment motion with interrogatory responses, and
the undisputed evidence shows that B&B Airparts provided a reasonable accommodation.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment to
B&B Airparts.
Entered for the Court
Robert E. Bacharach Circuit Judge
FSH-MAH (D.N.J. Nov. 1, 2013); Consent Decree, EEOC v. Maita Chevrolet Geo, No. 2:11-CV-03133-MCE-KJN (E.D. Cal. Sept. 25, 2013); Consent Decree, EEOC v. Boca Grp., LLC, Nos. 11-CV-80825- RYSKAMP/VITUNAC & 12-CV-80172-RYSKAMP/VITUNAC (S.D. Fla. Mar. 9, 2012). As negotiated documents lacking legal analysis, these consent decrees do not constitute persuasive authority.