Filed 6/20/13 Christi F. v. Super. Ct. CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
CHRISTI F., D063614
Petitioner, (Imperial County Super. Ct. No. JJP02537) v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF IMPERIAL COUNTY,
Respondent;
IMPERIAL COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES et al.,
Real Parties in Interest.
PROCEEDINGS in mandate after referral to a Welfare and Institutions Code
section 366.261 hearing. Christopher W. Yeager, Judge. Petition denied.
Law Offices of Thomas W. Storey and Thomas W. Storey for Petitioner.
1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code. Michael L. Rood, County Counsel, Geoffrey P. Holbrook and Haislip W. Hayes
III, Deputy County Counsel, for Real Party in Interest Imperial County Department of
Social Services.
Timothy J. Reilly, State Public Defender, Kelly Ranasinghe, Deputy State Public
Defender, for Real Party in Interest Alexis H., a Minor.
Christi F. seeks review of a juvenile court order setting a hearing under section
366.26. She contends the court improperly applied the disentitlement doctrine, which
deprives a party of the right to present a defense as a result of the litigant's violation of
the processes of the court. Christi contends the denial of her right to present evidence
and cross-examine witnesses at the 12-month review hearing requires reversal of the
order terminating reunification services and setting a section 366.26 hearing.
Although the application of the disentitlement doctrine at review hearings in
juvenile dependency proceedings will be rare, on this record we cannot conclude that the
court erred in applying the doctrine. Accordingly, we deny the petition.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In January 2012, the Imperial County Department of Social Services (DSS) took
16-year-old Alexis H. into protective custody. Alexis was hospitalized for treatment of
acute psychosis. She had been sexually molested by her mother's boyfriend. At the time
she was detained, Alexis was living on the streets and trading sex for drugs and rent.
Alexis's mother, Christi, has an ongoing history of severe methamphetamine use.
DSS received more than 30 referrals to child protective services concerning her children.
Christi was involved in dependency proceedings in 2006. Christi said she allowed Alexis
2 to live with a man because her older daughter lived with him. Christi knew the man was
known in the neighborhood as the "child molester." She blamed her older daughter for
Alexis's drug use. Alexis's father is not involved in her life.
The juvenile court took jurisdiction over Alexis, removed her from parental
custody and ordered a plan of family reunification services. Alexis remained at the Betty
Jo McNeece Receiving Home (McNeece) pending placement. Her mental health
condition was diagnosed as bipolar disorder, NOS and posttraumatic stress disorder,
consistent with sexual abuse, cannabis abuse and methamphetamine dependence.
In March 2012, Alexis was placed at Haskell Group Home (Haskell). When
Christi visited Alexis, their conversations centered on drugs and drug use. After the court
imposed supervision requirements on visitation, Christi stopped visiting Alexis, which
upset Alexis. Alexis said she and her mother used drugs together.
Alexis frequently left Haskell for one to four hours at a time, without explanation.
Staff found methamphetamine in her room. Alexis said she had smoked
methamphetamine and prostituted herself since she was 14 years old. She could not live
without methamphetamine and did not want to stop using. Alexis began to run away
from Haskell for longer periods of time.
In August, Alexis was severely beaten when she "short-[changed]" a drug dealer.
The drug dealer decided to sell Alexis in Mexico, however a local man paid Alexis's debt
in exchange for owning her "on the streets." When Alexis was treated for the assault, she
had stiletto heels, a negligee and an adult sex game with her.
3 On September 2, Alexis was admitted into McNeece and ran away on September
5, 2012. DSS was unable to locate her. The social worker repeatedly contacted Christi to
ask her if she knew Alexis's whereabouts. Christi said Alexis telephoned her from an
undisclosed number. She could tell Alexis was sober and doing well by the sound of her
voice. In December, a minor reported that Christi telephoned Alexis and allowed the
minor to speak with her. Christi denied having Alexis's telephone number. The minor
said Alexis could barely talk and appeared to be under the influence of drugs.
In January 2013, a woman identifying herself as Alexis's mother brought Alexis to
the Yuma (Arizona) Regional Medical Center emergency room at approximately 1:00
a.m. Alexis said she was hearing voices telling her to hurt herself. After an initial
assessment, the woman left with Alexis, saying she was taking her to a mental health
facility. At approximately 11:30 a.m. the next morning, a woman identifying herself as
"Karen" dropped Alexis off at a substance abuse recovery group home and said "see what
you can do for her." Alexis admitted she had used methamphetamine that morning.
Alexis told a Yuma police officer she had been living in a trailer with her mother.
When social worker Esther Martinez visited Alexis, Alexis appeared to be hearing voices.
At times she sat without expression. She was committed to a California hospital on a
section 5150 hold. Alexis admitted to daily use of methamphetamine and vodka, when
available. She was not oriented to person, time or place. Her mental health condition
was diagnosed as psychosis, NOS, rule out substance induced; methamphetamine and
alcohol dependence, ongoing; and alcohol, marijuana and PCP abuse, ongoing.
4 In reports prepared for the 12-month review hearing, DSS described Christi's lack
of compliance with her court-ordered case plan and asked the court to terminate family
reunification services. DSS could not locate an appropriate treatment program in
California for Alexis and recommended placement in an out-of-state treatment program.
Christi asked the court to return Alexis to her custody and terminate jurisdiction.
Christi planned to enroll Alexis in a substance abuse treatment program.
At a hearing on March 4, minor's counsel noticed the parties that if the 12-month
review hearing was contested, he would rely on the disentitlement doctrine as to the
mother.
At the 12-month review hearing, Christi objected to the admission of hearsay in
the social worker's report. Minor's counsel asked the court to apply the disentitlement
doctrine to prevent Christi from presenting a defense or objecting to the report. He asked
permission to call witnesses to show that Christi thwarted the processes of the juvenile
court by concealing Alexis from DSS and the court. The court allowed minor's counsel
to proceed.
Tena Hussey, the social worker currently assigned to Alexis's case, testified that
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Filed 6/20/13 Christi F. v. Super. Ct. CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
CHRISTI F., D063614
Petitioner, (Imperial County Super. Ct. No. JJP02537) v.
THE SUPERIOR COURT OF IMPERIAL COUNTY,
Respondent;
IMPERIAL COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES et al.,
Real Parties in Interest.
PROCEEDINGS in mandate after referral to a Welfare and Institutions Code
section 366.261 hearing. Christopher W. Yeager, Judge. Petition denied.
Law Offices of Thomas W. Storey and Thomas W. Storey for Petitioner.
1 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code. Michael L. Rood, County Counsel, Geoffrey P. Holbrook and Haislip W. Hayes
III, Deputy County Counsel, for Real Party in Interest Imperial County Department of
Social Services.
Timothy J. Reilly, State Public Defender, Kelly Ranasinghe, Deputy State Public
Defender, for Real Party in Interest Alexis H., a Minor.
Christi F. seeks review of a juvenile court order setting a hearing under section
366.26. She contends the court improperly applied the disentitlement doctrine, which
deprives a party of the right to present a defense as a result of the litigant's violation of
the processes of the court. Christi contends the denial of her right to present evidence
and cross-examine witnesses at the 12-month review hearing requires reversal of the
order terminating reunification services and setting a section 366.26 hearing.
Although the application of the disentitlement doctrine at review hearings in
juvenile dependency proceedings will be rare, on this record we cannot conclude that the
court erred in applying the doctrine. Accordingly, we deny the petition.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In January 2012, the Imperial County Department of Social Services (DSS) took
16-year-old Alexis H. into protective custody. Alexis was hospitalized for treatment of
acute psychosis. She had been sexually molested by her mother's boyfriend. At the time
she was detained, Alexis was living on the streets and trading sex for drugs and rent.
Alexis's mother, Christi, has an ongoing history of severe methamphetamine use.
DSS received more than 30 referrals to child protective services concerning her children.
Christi was involved in dependency proceedings in 2006. Christi said she allowed Alexis
2 to live with a man because her older daughter lived with him. Christi knew the man was
known in the neighborhood as the "child molester." She blamed her older daughter for
Alexis's drug use. Alexis's father is not involved in her life.
The juvenile court took jurisdiction over Alexis, removed her from parental
custody and ordered a plan of family reunification services. Alexis remained at the Betty
Jo McNeece Receiving Home (McNeece) pending placement. Her mental health
condition was diagnosed as bipolar disorder, NOS and posttraumatic stress disorder,
consistent with sexual abuse, cannabis abuse and methamphetamine dependence.
In March 2012, Alexis was placed at Haskell Group Home (Haskell). When
Christi visited Alexis, their conversations centered on drugs and drug use. After the court
imposed supervision requirements on visitation, Christi stopped visiting Alexis, which
upset Alexis. Alexis said she and her mother used drugs together.
Alexis frequently left Haskell for one to four hours at a time, without explanation.
Staff found methamphetamine in her room. Alexis said she had smoked
methamphetamine and prostituted herself since she was 14 years old. She could not live
without methamphetamine and did not want to stop using. Alexis began to run away
from Haskell for longer periods of time.
In August, Alexis was severely beaten when she "short-[changed]" a drug dealer.
The drug dealer decided to sell Alexis in Mexico, however a local man paid Alexis's debt
in exchange for owning her "on the streets." When Alexis was treated for the assault, she
had stiletto heels, a negligee and an adult sex game with her.
3 On September 2, Alexis was admitted into McNeece and ran away on September
5, 2012. DSS was unable to locate her. The social worker repeatedly contacted Christi to
ask her if she knew Alexis's whereabouts. Christi said Alexis telephoned her from an
undisclosed number. She could tell Alexis was sober and doing well by the sound of her
voice. In December, a minor reported that Christi telephoned Alexis and allowed the
minor to speak with her. Christi denied having Alexis's telephone number. The minor
said Alexis could barely talk and appeared to be under the influence of drugs.
In January 2013, a woman identifying herself as Alexis's mother brought Alexis to
the Yuma (Arizona) Regional Medical Center emergency room at approximately 1:00
a.m. Alexis said she was hearing voices telling her to hurt herself. After an initial
assessment, the woman left with Alexis, saying she was taking her to a mental health
facility. At approximately 11:30 a.m. the next morning, a woman identifying herself as
"Karen" dropped Alexis off at a substance abuse recovery group home and said "see what
you can do for her." Alexis admitted she had used methamphetamine that morning.
Alexis told a Yuma police officer she had been living in a trailer with her mother.
When social worker Esther Martinez visited Alexis, Alexis appeared to be hearing voices.
At times she sat without expression. She was committed to a California hospital on a
section 5150 hold. Alexis admitted to daily use of methamphetamine and vodka, when
available. She was not oriented to person, time or place. Her mental health condition
was diagnosed as psychosis, NOS, rule out substance induced; methamphetamine and
alcohol dependence, ongoing; and alcohol, marijuana and PCP abuse, ongoing.
4 In reports prepared for the 12-month review hearing, DSS described Christi's lack
of compliance with her court-ordered case plan and asked the court to terminate family
reunification services. DSS could not locate an appropriate treatment program in
California for Alexis and recommended placement in an out-of-state treatment program.
Christi asked the court to return Alexis to her custody and terminate jurisdiction.
Christi planned to enroll Alexis in a substance abuse treatment program.
At a hearing on March 4, minor's counsel noticed the parties that if the 12-month
review hearing was contested, he would rely on the disentitlement doctrine as to the
mother.
At the 12-month review hearing, Christi objected to the admission of hearsay in
the social worker's report. Minor's counsel asked the court to apply the disentitlement
doctrine to prevent Christi from presenting a defense or objecting to the report. He asked
permission to call witnesses to show that Christi thwarted the processes of the juvenile
court by concealing Alexis from DSS and the court. The court allowed minor's counsel
to proceed.
Tena Hussey, the social worker currently assigned to Alexis's case, testified that
Alexis said she stayed in a trailer in Yuma from September 2012 to January 2013.
During that time, her mother brought food, methamphetamine and marijuana to her.
Alexis asked Hussey to pick up her belongings from the trailer, specifically a mirror,
methamphetamine, marijuana and lingerie. Alexis said, "Please don't tell my mom about
the lingerie. My mom knows about the meth and the marijuana, but she doesn't know
about the lingerie."
5 Esther Martinez, the previous social worker assigned to the case, testified that
Alexis told her that Christi visited her in the trailer park and brought groceries to her.
Alexis was using methamphetamine. Christi rented the trailer in which Alexis lived and
paid the rent each month in person. Another witness saw Christi and Alexis shopping at
Walmart in El Centro shortly before Christmas 2012.
Christi denied helping Alexis after she ran away from placement. Before
September 5, she had returned Alexis to DSS four times, including the time she was
assaulted. Christi never smoked marijuana or used methamphetamine with Alexis. She
denied bringing groceries to her. Christi received telephone calls from Alexis but did not
know her telephone number. Christi was not familiar with the Yuma trailer park because
she spent most of her time in El Centro working and going to parenting classes. She was
not in Walmart with Alexis in December 2012.
The court found that Christi was hiding Alexis from DSS in violation of the orders
of the court, and the disentitlement doctrine would appear to apply. County counsel
offered the social worker's report in evidence. Christi objected to the admission of
hearsay and other unfounded information in the report.
County counsel called the author of the report, Esther Martinez, to testify. She
said Christi completed a basic parenting class and obtained a certificate of attendance for
an advanced parenting class. She did not participate in individual or family counseling.
Christi did not cooperate with the social worker. She did not report Alexis's
whereabouts. Christi tested positive for drugs in February 2013.
The court said, "All right. [Mother's counsel]?"
6 Mother's counsel asked, "Is the court going to allow me to cross-examine?"
The court said, "You can cross-examine as to the admissibility of or the basis for
the conclusions that the witness has just drawn."
Minor's counsel objected, stating that the disentitlement doctrine operated to
prevent the mother from asserting any defenses. Citing In re Kamelia S. (2000) 82
Cal.App.4th 1224 (Kamelia S.), minor's counsel argued Christi stood in an attitude of
contempt of court and should not be allowed to utilize the court's legal defenses to assert
her claim.
After reviewing Kamelia S., the court found that Christi was barred from objecting
to the admission of the social worker's report. The court found that reasonable services
were offered to Christi and she made only minimal progress toward alleviating the causes
necessitating Alexis's placement. The court terminated family reunification services,
ordered Alexis placed at an out-of-state treatment facility and set a section 366.26
hearing.
Christi petitioned for review of the juvenile court's orders. (§ 366.26, subd. (l);
Cal. Rules of Court, rule 8.452.) She asks this court to reverse the orders setting a section
366.26 hearing, and to remand the matter with directions to the juvenile court to enter
orders for family reunification services and grant a new hearing on the issue. This court
issued an order to show cause, the Agency responded and the parties waived oral
argument.
7 DISCUSSION
"The disentitlement doctrine is based on the equitable notion that a party to an
action cannot seek the assistance of a court while the party 'stands in an attitude of
contempt to legal orders and processes of the courts of this state.' " (In re Claudia S.
(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 236, 244, citing MacPherson v. MacPherson (1939) 13
Cal.2d 271, 277.) In the context of family and dependency cases, the disentitlement
doctrine has been applied to appellate proceedings in which the party seeking relief has
abducted the child in violation of trial court orders. (Kamelia S., supra, 82 Cal.App.4th
at p. 1224 [appellate court dismissed appeal of father who had absconded with his child];
Guardianship of Melissa W. (2002) 96 Cal.App.4th 1293, 1299 [grandparents who took
child out of country in violation of guardianship orders could not appeal denial of their
guardianship petition].) In trial court proceedings, "[t]he doctrine has also been applied
to conduct that frustrates the ability of a party to obtain information it needs to protect its
rights." (In re Claudia S., at p. 245, citing In re C.C. (2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 76, 85, 86
[mother's refusal to participate in a psychological evaluation interfered with the child's
legal right to have her case proceed to the permanency planning stage].) In Adoption of
Jacob C. (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 617, the reviewing court affirmed the juvenile court's
application of the disentitlement doctrine to bar a fugitive mother who had abducted one
of her children from challenging the stepmother's petition to terminate her rights to
another child unless the mother personally appeared in the action. (Id. at pp. 617, 623-
624.)
8 "The disentitlement doctrine has been applied to deprive a party of the right to
present a defense as a result of the litigant's violation of the processes of the court,
withholding of evidence, defaulting on court-imposed obligations, disobeying court
orders, or other actions justifying a judgment of default. [Citation.]" (Adoption of Jacob
C., supra, 25 Cal.App.4th at p. 624.) Here, the record contains substantial evidence to
support the juvenile court's findings that Christi hid Alexis from the court in another
state, repeatedly lied to the social worker about Alexis's whereabouts and well-being,
provided methamphetamine and other drugs to Alexis and denied Alexis access to
appropriate psychiatric care and support services. (In re Misako R. (1991) 2
Cal.App.4th 538, 545 [appellate court reviews the evidence most favorably to the
prevailing party and indulges in all legitimate and reasonable inferences to uphold the
court's ruling].) The juvenile court reasonably determined that Christi withheld crucial
evidence from the court and thwarted the purpose of the juvenile court proceedings,
which is to protect the child from further harm. (§ 300.2.) On this record, we cannot
conclude the juvenile court erred when it barred Christi from presenting a defense at the
12-month review hearing under the disentitlement doctrine.
Further, error, if any, is harmless. Christi presented a defense and cross-examined
the social worker during the hearing on the application of the disentitlement doctrine in
which she denied the social worker's allegations and presented her side of the story. The
juvenile court did not credit her testimony. In view of Alexis's severe mental health
problems and substance abuse addiction, which were exacerbated by Christi's conduct,
Christi's severe and protracted methamphetamine use and lack of progress in her court-
9 ordered treatment plan, it is not reasonably probable that Christi would have obtained a
more favorable result had she formally presented a defense at the 12-month review
hearing. (People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.)
DISPOSITION
The petition is denied.
NARES, J.
WE CONCUR:
MCCONNELL, P. J.
AARON, J.