[Cite as Chivaho Credit Union v. McGuire, 2012-Ohio-5878.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT ROSS COUNTY
CHIVAHO CREDIT UNION, : : Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No: 12CA3307 : v. : : DECISION AND CHRISTOPHER MCGUIRE, ET AL., : JUDGMENT ENTRY : Defendants-Appellants. : Filed: November 28, 2012
APPEARANCES:
James E. Kolenich, Cincinnati, Ohio, for Appellant, Loren McGuire.
Jennifer Monty Rieker, Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co., L.P.A., Cleveland, Ohio, for Appellee.
Kline, J.:
{¶1} Loren McGuire (hereinafter “Loren”) appeals the judgment of the
Chillicothe Municipal Court. The trial court (1) granted summary judgment against
Loren and (2) awarded Chivaho Credit Union (hereinafter “Chivaho”) the unpaid balance
on a promissory note. On appeal, Loren argues that his debt to Chivaho was rendered
uncollectible by the issuance of Internal Revenue Service Form 1099-C. We disagree.
Based on the Internal Revenue Service’s own interpretation of the relevant statute and
regulations, we find that Loren’s debt to Chivaho is collectible. Accordingly, we overrule
Loren’s assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Ross App. No. 12CA3307 2
{¶2} Loren co-signed a car loan for Christopher McGuire (hereinafter
“Christopher”). After Loren and Christopher defaulted on the loan, Chivaho
repossessed the car and sold it.
{¶3} In April 2010, Chivaho issued Internal Revenue Service Form 1099-C in
relation to Loren’s debt. Form 1099-C is entitled “Cancellation of Debt,” and a creditor
must issue the form “if there has occurred an identifiable event described in [26 C.F.R.
1.6050P-1(b)(2)].” 26 C.F.R. 1.6050P-1(a)(1). As a result of the 1099-C, Loren “was
required to, and did, report the amount located in Box 2 of the form ($9,255.03) as
income on [his] 2010 tax return.” December 15, 2011 Affidavit of Loren McGuire.
{¶4} On August 5, 2010, Chivaho filed the present case against Loren and
Christopher. Chivaho alleged that Loren and Christopher still owed $3,489.74 on the
promissory note for the car loan. (Eventually, the trial court dismissed the complaint
against Christopher without prejudice.)
{¶5} On April 11, 2011, Chivaho filed for summary judgment against Loren
only. Loren responded that summary judgment was inappropriate because Chivaho
had “cancelled the debt at issue herein in April 2010.” Defendant’s Response in
Opposition to Summary Judgment at 1. Essentially, Loren argued that Chivaho could
no longer collect the debt after the issuance of Form 1099-C. Loren further argued the
following: “[Chivaho] cancelled this debt in April 2010 and did not file this lawsuit until
August 2010. As there was no debt left to be collected by August 2010[,] the plaintiff
cannot prove damages and summary judgment must be denied.” Id. at 2.
{¶6} Despite Loren’s argument to the contrary, the trial court granted summary
judgment in favor of Chivaho for $3,489.74 plus interest. Ross App. No. 12CA3307 3
{¶7} Loren appeals and asserts the following assignment of error: “THE
COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF THE DEFENDANT BY GRANTING
PLAINTIFF[’]S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT[.]”
II.
{¶8} In his sole assignment of error, Loren argues that the trial court erred
when it granted summary judgment in favor of Chivaho.
{¶9} “Because this case was decided upon summary judgment, we review this
matter de novo, governed by the standard set forth in Civ.R. 56.” Comer v. Risko, 106
Ohio St.3d 185, 2005-Ohio-4559, 833 N.E.2d 712, ¶ 8. Summary judgment is
appropriate only when the following have been established: (1) that there is no genuine
issue as to any material fact; (2) that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law; and (3) that reasonable minds can come to only one conclusion, and that
conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. Civ.R. 56(C). Accord Bostic v. Connor,
37 Ohio St.3d 144, 146, 524 N.E.2d 881 (1988); Grimes v. Grimes, 4th Dist. No.
08CA35, 2009-Ohio-3126, ¶ 14. In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the court
must construe the record and all inferences therefrom in the opposing party’s favor.
Doe v. First United Methodist Church, 68 Ohio St.3d 531, 535, 629 N.E.2d 402 (1994).
{¶10} The burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists falls
upon the party who moves for summary judgment. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280,
294, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). However, once the movant supports his or her motion with
appropriate evidentiary materials, the nonmoving party “may not rest upon the mere
allegations or denials of the party’s pleadings, but the party’s response, by affidavit or Ross App. No. 12CA3307 4
as otherwise provided in [Civ.R. 56], must set forth specific facts showing that there is a
genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E). Accord Grimes at ¶ 15.
{¶11} “In reviewing whether an entry of summary judgment is appropriate, an
appellate court must independently review the record and the inferences that can be
drawn from it to determine if the opposing party can possibly prevail.” Grimes at ¶ 16.
“Accordingly, we afford no deference to the trial court’s decision in answering that legal
question.” Morehead v. Conley, 75 Ohio App.3d 409, 412, 599 N.E.2d 786 (4th
Dist.1991). Accord Grimes at ¶ 16.
{¶12} Loren makes just one argument in support of his assignment of error.
That is, Loren contends that the issuance of Form 1099-C “had the legal effect of
rendering the debt uncollect[i]ble.” Brief of Appellant at 4. But we disagree that Loren’s
debt to Chivaho is now “legally non-existent[.]” Id. Instead, we find that Chivaho may
collect the debt even after the issuance of Form 1099-C.
{¶13} We base our finding on the Internal Revenue Service’s own interpretation
of the relevant statute and regulations.1 “The United States Supreme Court instructs us
that courts do owe deference to an agency’s rulemaking authority.” Charvat v. Dispatch
Consumer Servs., Inc., 95 Ohio St.3d 505, 2002-Ohio-2838, 769 N.E.2d 829, ¶ 22,
citing Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837,
843-844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). As the Chevron Court held,
When a court reviews an agency’s construction of the statute
which it administers, it is confronted with two questions.
1 26 U.S.C. 6050P is entitled “Returns relating to the cancellation of indebtedness by certain entities,” and 26 C.F.R. 1.6050P-1 is entitled “Information reporting for discharges of indebtedness by certain entities.” Ross App. No. 12CA3307 5
First, always, is the question whether Congress has directly
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[Cite as Chivaho Credit Union v. McGuire, 2012-Ohio-5878.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT ROSS COUNTY
CHIVAHO CREDIT UNION, : : Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No: 12CA3307 : v. : : DECISION AND CHRISTOPHER MCGUIRE, ET AL., : JUDGMENT ENTRY : Defendants-Appellants. : Filed: November 28, 2012
APPEARANCES:
James E. Kolenich, Cincinnati, Ohio, for Appellant, Loren McGuire.
Jennifer Monty Rieker, Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co., L.P.A., Cleveland, Ohio, for Appellee.
Kline, J.:
{¶1} Loren McGuire (hereinafter “Loren”) appeals the judgment of the
Chillicothe Municipal Court. The trial court (1) granted summary judgment against
Loren and (2) awarded Chivaho Credit Union (hereinafter “Chivaho”) the unpaid balance
on a promissory note. On appeal, Loren argues that his debt to Chivaho was rendered
uncollectible by the issuance of Internal Revenue Service Form 1099-C. We disagree.
Based on the Internal Revenue Service’s own interpretation of the relevant statute and
regulations, we find that Loren’s debt to Chivaho is collectible. Accordingly, we overrule
Loren’s assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I. Ross App. No. 12CA3307 2
{¶2} Loren co-signed a car loan for Christopher McGuire (hereinafter
“Christopher”). After Loren and Christopher defaulted on the loan, Chivaho
repossessed the car and sold it.
{¶3} In April 2010, Chivaho issued Internal Revenue Service Form 1099-C in
relation to Loren’s debt. Form 1099-C is entitled “Cancellation of Debt,” and a creditor
must issue the form “if there has occurred an identifiable event described in [26 C.F.R.
1.6050P-1(b)(2)].” 26 C.F.R. 1.6050P-1(a)(1). As a result of the 1099-C, Loren “was
required to, and did, report the amount located in Box 2 of the form ($9,255.03) as
income on [his] 2010 tax return.” December 15, 2011 Affidavit of Loren McGuire.
{¶4} On August 5, 2010, Chivaho filed the present case against Loren and
Christopher. Chivaho alleged that Loren and Christopher still owed $3,489.74 on the
promissory note for the car loan. (Eventually, the trial court dismissed the complaint
against Christopher without prejudice.)
{¶5} On April 11, 2011, Chivaho filed for summary judgment against Loren
only. Loren responded that summary judgment was inappropriate because Chivaho
had “cancelled the debt at issue herein in April 2010.” Defendant’s Response in
Opposition to Summary Judgment at 1. Essentially, Loren argued that Chivaho could
no longer collect the debt after the issuance of Form 1099-C. Loren further argued the
following: “[Chivaho] cancelled this debt in April 2010 and did not file this lawsuit until
August 2010. As there was no debt left to be collected by August 2010[,] the plaintiff
cannot prove damages and summary judgment must be denied.” Id. at 2.
{¶6} Despite Loren’s argument to the contrary, the trial court granted summary
judgment in favor of Chivaho for $3,489.74 plus interest. Ross App. No. 12CA3307 3
{¶7} Loren appeals and asserts the following assignment of error: “THE
COURT ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF THE DEFENDANT BY GRANTING
PLAINTIFF[’]S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT[.]”
II.
{¶8} In his sole assignment of error, Loren argues that the trial court erred
when it granted summary judgment in favor of Chivaho.
{¶9} “Because this case was decided upon summary judgment, we review this
matter de novo, governed by the standard set forth in Civ.R. 56.” Comer v. Risko, 106
Ohio St.3d 185, 2005-Ohio-4559, 833 N.E.2d 712, ¶ 8. Summary judgment is
appropriate only when the following have been established: (1) that there is no genuine
issue as to any material fact; (2) that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law; and (3) that reasonable minds can come to only one conclusion, and that
conclusion is adverse to the nonmoving party. Civ.R. 56(C). Accord Bostic v. Connor,
37 Ohio St.3d 144, 146, 524 N.E.2d 881 (1988); Grimes v. Grimes, 4th Dist. No.
08CA35, 2009-Ohio-3126, ¶ 14. In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the court
must construe the record and all inferences therefrom in the opposing party’s favor.
Doe v. First United Methodist Church, 68 Ohio St.3d 531, 535, 629 N.E.2d 402 (1994).
{¶10} The burden of showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists falls
upon the party who moves for summary judgment. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280,
294, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). However, once the movant supports his or her motion with
appropriate evidentiary materials, the nonmoving party “may not rest upon the mere
allegations or denials of the party’s pleadings, but the party’s response, by affidavit or Ross App. No. 12CA3307 4
as otherwise provided in [Civ.R. 56], must set forth specific facts showing that there is a
genuine issue for trial.” Civ.R. 56(E). Accord Grimes at ¶ 15.
{¶11} “In reviewing whether an entry of summary judgment is appropriate, an
appellate court must independently review the record and the inferences that can be
drawn from it to determine if the opposing party can possibly prevail.” Grimes at ¶ 16.
“Accordingly, we afford no deference to the trial court’s decision in answering that legal
question.” Morehead v. Conley, 75 Ohio App.3d 409, 412, 599 N.E.2d 786 (4th
Dist.1991). Accord Grimes at ¶ 16.
{¶12} Loren makes just one argument in support of his assignment of error.
That is, Loren contends that the issuance of Form 1099-C “had the legal effect of
rendering the debt uncollect[i]ble.” Brief of Appellant at 4. But we disagree that Loren’s
debt to Chivaho is now “legally non-existent[.]” Id. Instead, we find that Chivaho may
collect the debt even after the issuance of Form 1099-C.
{¶13} We base our finding on the Internal Revenue Service’s own interpretation
of the relevant statute and regulations.1 “The United States Supreme Court instructs us
that courts do owe deference to an agency’s rulemaking authority.” Charvat v. Dispatch
Consumer Servs., Inc., 95 Ohio St.3d 505, 2002-Ohio-2838, 769 N.E.2d 829, ¶ 22,
citing Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837,
843-844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). As the Chevron Court held,
When a court reviews an agency’s construction of the statute
which it administers, it is confronted with two questions.
1 26 U.S.C. 6050P is entitled “Returns relating to the cancellation of indebtedness by certain entities,” and 26 C.F.R. 1.6050P-1 is entitled “Information reporting for discharges of indebtedness by certain entities.” Ross App. No. 12CA3307 5
First, always, is the question whether Congress has directly
spoken to the precise question at issue. If the intent of
Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for the court,
as well as the agency, must give effect to the unambiguously
expressed intent of Congress. If, however, the court
determines Congress has not directly addressed the precise
question at issue, the court does not simply impose its own
construction on the statute, as would be necessary in the
absence of an administrative interpretation. Rather, if the
statute is silent or ambiguous with respect to the specific
issue, the question for the court is whether the agency’s
answer is based on a permissible construction of the statute.
“The power of an administrative agency to administer
a congressionally created * * * program necessarily requires
the formulation of policy and the making of rules to fill any
gap left, implicitly or explicitly, by Congress.” Morton v. Ruiz,
415 U.S. 199, 231, 94 S.Ct. 1055, 1072, 39 L.Ed.2d 270
(1974). If Congress has explicitly left a gap for the agency to
fill, there is an express delegation of authority to the agency
to elucidate a specific provision of the statute by regulation.
Such legislative regulations are given controlling weight
unless they are arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly contrary
to the statute. Sometimes the legislative delegation to an Ross App. No. 12CA3307 6
agency on a particular question is implicit rather than explicit.
In such a case, a court may not substitute its own
construction of a statutory provision for a reasonable
interpretation made by the administrator of an agency.
(Footnotes omitted.) Chevron at 843-844.
{¶14} In the present case, the precise question is whether the issuance of Form
1099-C renders a debt uncollectible. 26 U.S.C. 6050P does not answer this particular
question, and Congress did not expressly delegate for the Internal Revenue Service to
provide an answer. Nevertheless, the Internal Revenue Service has declared it “does
not view a Form 1099-C as an admission by the creditor that it has discharged the debt
and can no longer pursue collection.” I.R.S. Info. Ltr. 2005-0207, 2005 WL 3561135
(Dec. 30, 2005). More specifically, the Internal Revenue Service has declared the
following:
Section 1.6050P-1(a)(1) of the regulations provides that
solely for purposes of the reporting requirements of section
6050P of the Code, a discharge of indebtedness is deemed
to have occurred upon the occurrence of an identifiable
event whether or not there is an actual discharge of
indebtedness. Section 6050P and the regulations do not
prohibit collection activity after a creditor reports by filing a
Form 1099-C. (Emphasis added.) I.R.S. Info. Ltr. 2005-
0208, 2005 WL 3561136 (Dec. 30, 2005). Ross App. No. 12CA3307 7
Therefore, according to the Internal Revenue Service, the issuance of Form 1099-C
does not render a debt uncollectible.
{¶15} In our view, the interpretations of the Internal Revenue Service are
reasonable. Therefore, we must defer to the Internal Revenue Service and find that
Loren’s debt to Chivaho is still collectible. See In re Zilka, 407 B.R. 684, 688-689
(Bankr.W.D.Pa.2009) (deferring to the Internal Revenue Service’s interpretation of Form
1099-C); Lifestyles of Jasper, Inc. v. Gremore, 299 S.W.3d 275, 277 (Ky.App.2009)
(“[W]hile the district and circuit courts held that [appellee’s] debt was discharged due to
[appellant’s] filing of Form 1099-C, the regulations and I.R.S. rulings make clear that
Form 1099-C is to be utilized for reporting purposes only, and not as evidence of an
actual discharge of indebtedness.”) (Internal footnotes omitted). We acknowledge
some courts have found that the issuance of Form 1099-C might actually cancel a debt,
thereby rendering the debt uncollectible. See, e.g., Amtrust Bank v. Fossett, 224 P.3d
935, 223 Ariz. 438 (Ariz.App.2009); Franklin Credit Mgt. Corp. v. Nicholas, 812 A.2d 51,
73 Conn.App. 830 (Conn.App.2002); Gorbaty v. Portfolio Recovery Assoc., 3d Cir. No.
09-3327, 2009 WL 4642371 (Dec. 9, 2009). But these courts did not address the
Internal Revenue Service’s own interpretation of the relevant statute and regulations.
Therefore, because of the deference that must be afforded to the Internal Revenue
Service, we do not find these cases to be persuasive. See Chevron at 843-844.
{¶16} In conclusion, Loren’s debt to Chivaho was not rendered uncollectible by
the issuance of Form 1099-C. As a result, we reject Loren’s sole argument and find the
following: (1) there are no genuine issues of material fact; (2) Chivaho is entitled to
judgment as a matter of law; and (3) reasonable minds can come to just one conclusion, Ross App. No. 12CA3307 8
and that conclusion is adverse to Loren. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED. Ross App. No. 12CA3307 9
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT BE AFFIRMED. Appellant shall pay the costs herein taxed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Chillicothe Municipal Court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Exceptions.
Abele, P.J. & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment & Opinion.
For the Court
BY:_____________________________ Roger L. Kline, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.