Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. United States

83 Fed. Cl. 313, 2008 U.S. Claims LEXIS 239, 2008 WL 4061067
United States Court of Federal Claims·Decided August 28, 2008·No. No. 04-1365C·Published·Cited by 3 cases

Opinion

[314]*314MEMORANDUM OPINION AND FINAL ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATION.

BRADEN, Judge.

Congress authorized federal trial courts to certify orders for interlocutory appellate appeal, but only in “exceptional cases[,] while generally retaining for the federal courts a firm final judgment rule.” Caterpillar, Inc. v. Lewis, 519 U.S. 61, 74, 117 S.Ct. 467, 136 L.Ed.2d 437 (1996). The Defendant (“Government”) fairly points out that, in several telephone conferences with the parties, the court indicated an interest in certifying certain questions regarding the scope of the deliberative process, attorney-client, and attorney work-produet privileges that arose during in camera review. The three questions posited by the Government, however, are not the same as those the court had in mind and, more importantly, do not satisfy the requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 1292(d)(2). Nor is this case so “exceptional” as to require setting aside the final judgment rule. For these reasons, the court has determined that the Government’s April 16, 2008 Motion To Certify The Court’s January 31, 2008 Privilege Rulings For Interlocutory Appeal must be denied.1

I. BACKGROUND AND RELEVANT PROCEDURAL HISTORY.2

On January 31, 2008, the court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Orders in Chevron II, ruling on the Government’s assertions of attorney-client, attorney work-product, and deliberative process privilege. Therein, the parties also were requested to advise the court, on or before March 18, 2008, whether they intended to request certification of any of those rulings.

On February 13, 2008, the court convened a telephone status conference, wherein the parties agreed to stay further proceedings in this case, until the privilege assertions were resolved.

On March 13, 2008, the Government filed a Status Report and Motion requesting until April 8, 2008 to ascertain the views of the Solicitor General regarding certification of the privilege rulings in Chevron II. On March 17, 2008, Plaintiff (“Chevron”) filed a Response, arguing that the Government did not provide an adequate justification for the requested extension. On that date, the Government filed a request for additional time that the court granted. On March 18, 2008, Chevron notified the court that it did not intend to seek certification of the court’s January 31, 2008 privilege rulings.

On March 28, 2008, the Government made a strategic decision to change course and filed a Notice of Appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit of the court’s January 31, 2008 Memorandum Opinion and Orders. On March 31, 2008, however, the Clerk of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit determined that the Government’s appeal was “ineffective” and “deactivated,” because the Government’s February 13, 2008 Motion for Reconsideration was still pending in the United States Court of Federal Claims. See Order, Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. United States, No. 08-5061 (Fed.Cir. Mar. 31, 2008).3

On April 4, 2008, the court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order determining that, in light of the Government’s March 28, 2008 [315]*315Motion to Appeal, the Government’s March 18, 2008 request for additional time to consider certification was moot. In addition, the Government was ordered to produce the documents, as directed by the court’s January 31, 2008 privilege rulings. A schedule for briefing on the Government’s February 13, 2008 Motion for Reconsideration also was set.

On April 16, 2008, the Government filed a Motion To Certify The Court’s January 31, 2008 Privilege Rulings For Interlocutory Appeal And To Stay The Court’s April 4, 2008 Order Pending Appeal (“Gov’t IR Mot.”). On April 25, 2008, Plaintiff filed a Response (“PL IR Opp’n”). On May 2, 2008, the Government filed a Reply (“Gov’t IR Reply”).

On July 7, 2008, the Government filed a Motion For Leave to File December 18, 1987 Order Filed In United States v. Ken Mar Assocs. Ltd., 697 F.Supp. 400 (W.D.Okla. 1987) (Order Re: Sanctions). The court granted that motion on July 8, 2008.

On July 16, 2008, the Government filed a Motion To Unseal The Court’s January 31, 2008 Final Privilege Orders (“Gov’t Mot. to Unseal”), because: “We are not aware of any basis upon which the orders might be withheld from the general public.” Gov’t Mot. to Unseal at 1. The only reason the court initially placed these orders under seal was at the request of the Government. See 12/20/07 TR at 10. Therefore, the court hereby places the three January 31, 2008 Orders in the public record and attaches them as an Appendix to this Memorandum Opinion and Final Order to “facilitate the process of appellate review.” Gov’t Mot. to Unseal at 1.

II. THE STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATION.

Congress authorized the United States Court of Federal Claims to seek interlocutory appellate review of an order, where: “The [trial] court determined that this ques- ... The court further determined that there was a substantial ground for difference of opinion regarding its jurisdiction over [Plaintiffs] claim and that an immediate appeal on the issue would ‘materially advance the ultimate termination of the litigation.’ ” Vereda, Ltda. v. United States, 271 F.3d 1367, 1373-74 (Fed.Cir.2001) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1292(d)(2)).4 Subsequently, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has held that all three elements must be met. See Pause Tech. LLC v. TiVo Inc., 401 F.3d 1290, 1293 (Fed.Cir.2005) (certification should be applied strictly to preserve the final judgment rule that “serves the important purpose of promoting efficient judicial administration” (citing Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Risjord, 449 U.S. 368, 374, 101 S.Ct. 669, 66 L.Ed.2d 571 (1981) (“We have recently defined this limited class of final ‘collateral orders’ in these terms: ‘[The] order must conclusively determine the disputed question, resolve an important issue completely separate from the merits of the action, and be effectively unreviewable on appeal from a final judgment.’ ”) (quoting Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay, 437 U.S. 463, 468, 98 S.Ct. 2454, 57 L.Ed.2d 351 (1978)))).

III. DISCUSSION OF THE QUESTIONS PRESENTED FOR CERTIFICATION.

The Government has posited three questions for interlocutory review:

1. Whether the “crime/fraud” exception to the attorney-client privilege applies[,] where the conduct that serves as the basis for its application is an alleged breach of contract?
2. Whether the work-product privilege applies to factual material prepared in anticipation of litigation?
[316]*3163.

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Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. United States, 83 Fed. Cl. 313, 2008 U.S. Claims LEXIS 239, 2008 WL 4061067 (uscfc 2008).

83 Fed. Cl. 313 (Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. United States) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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