IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT CHELSEA F. WEISNER, ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) WD81425 ) DIRECTOR OF REVENUE, ) FILED: February 19, 2019 Appellant. ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of Jackson County The Honorable Susan E. Long, Judge Before Division Two: Alok Ahuja, P.J., and Thomas H. Newton and Mark D. Pfeiffer, JJ. Respondent Chelsea Weisner was arrested for driving while intoxicated.
After her blood alcohol concentration tested over the legal limit, the Director of
Revenue suspended her driving privileges. Weisner filed a petition for a trial de
novo in the Circuit Court of Jackson County. Following a bench trial, the circuit
court held that the results of the breath test establishing Weisner’s blood alcohol
concentration was inadmissible. The court excluded the test results because the
breath test was conducted in a law enforcement patrol vehicle, which the court
concluded was improper under the regulations promulgated by the Department of
Health and Senior Services (“DHSS”). Because it found that there was no
competent evidence establishing that Weisner had a blood alcohol concentration
above the legal limit, the circuit court set aside the suspension of Weisner’s driving
privileges.
The Director of Revenue appeals. Consistent with our recent decision in Baker v. Director of Revenue, No. WD81325, 2019 WL 610383 (Mo. App. W.D. Feb. 13, 2019), we hold that the circuit court erroneously determined that the results of
Weisner’s breath test were inadmissible. We accordingly reverse the judgment of
the circuit court, and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
Factual Background At approximately 3:00 a.m. on July 30, 2016, Missouri State Highway Patrol
Trooper Aaron Engelhart observed a car driven by Weisner on westbound Interstate
70 in Jackson County. Weisner’s car failed to stay within a single lane, and Trooper
Engelhart initiated a traffic stop. When Weisner was seated in his patrol car,
Trooper Engelhart noted a strong odor of intoxicants coming from her breath, and
that Weisner’s speech was slurred and rambling. Weisner admitted that she had
consumed two alcoholic beverages, and that her last drink was approximately one
hour earlier.
Weisner permitted Trooper Engelhart to perform the horizontal gaze
nystagmus (“HGN”) test. Weisner exhibited six clues of intoxication on the HGN
test. Trooper Engelhart then asked Weisner whether she would perform field
sobriety tests, and she indicated that she would. When they exited Trooper
Engelhart’s patrol vehicle to perform the tests, Weisner failed to follow Trooper
Engelhart’s directions, and walked toward the traffic lanes of the highway. Because
he feared that Weisner would not stop and would walk into traffic, Trooper
Engelhart grabbed her arm and pulled her back onto the highway’s shoulder.
Weisner stated that she would not return to Trooper Engelhart’s vehicle. He then
placed her under arrest for driving while intoxicated.
Once they were again seated in Trooper Engelhart’s patrol vehicle, the
Trooper read Weisner Missouri’s Implied Consent warning, and Weisner agreed to
submit to a breath test. Trooper Engelhart performed a mouth check, and Weisner stated that she had nothing in her mouth. Trooper Engelhart then observed
2 Weisner for twenty-four minutes, during which she did not smoke, vomit, or
introduce anything into her mouth. Weisner then submitted a breath sample,
which was tested using the Alco-Sensor IV with printer (“AS-IV-P”) breath
analyzer. The breath testing occurred inside Trooper Engelhart’s patrol vehicle.
The breath test result indicated that Weisner’s blood alcohol concentration was
.104%.
The Director of Revenue suspended Weisner’s driving privileges pursuant to
§ 302.505, RSMo. The suspension of Weisner’s driver’s license was upheld following
an administrative hearing. She then petitioned the circuit court for a trial de novo
pursuant to § 302.535, RSMo.
The circuit court conducted a bench trial on October 3, 2017. When the
Director’s counsel asked Trooper Engelhart to testify concerning the results of the
breath test, Weisner’s counsel objected that performing the breath test in Trooper
Engelhart’s patrol vehicle violated the DHSS’s regulations. The court overruled the
objection, although it indicated that it would reexamine the admissibility issue
following the conclusion of the evidence, based on legal authorities submitted by the
parties. Trooper Engelhart then testified that Weisner’s breath test indicated that
she had a blood alcohol concentration of .104%. The circuit court entered its judgment setting aside the suspension of
Weisner’s driving privileges on December 18, 2017. The judgment found that the
testing of Weisner’s breath occurred in an improper location, and that the breath
test results were accordingly inadmissible. The court recognized that 19 C.S.R. 25-
30.050(2) specifies that “[b]reath analyzers are to be used within buildings or
vehicles used for driving-while-intoxicated enforcement.” The circuit court
interpreted this regulation as authorizing breath testing “in a building or in a
vehicle specifically designed for its placement, e.g. a mobile van, ‘BAT’ [Breath Alcohol Testing] vehicle, etc.” The judgment also noted that the report form
3 included in the DHSS’s regulations requires the device operator to certify that “[n]o
radio transmission occurred inside the room where and when the test was being
conducted.” 19 C.S.R. 25-3.060, Form #8 (emphasis added). The court concluded
that “the Officer’s patrol car is not a room as required by the certification on [DHSS]
Form 8.”
Given its exclusion of the breath test results, the circuit court concluded that
the Director had failed to submit “admissible evidence of [Weisner] having provided
a sample in excess of .08 BAC.” The court accordingly set aside the suspension of
Weisner’s driving privileges.
The Director of Revenue appeals.1
Discussion In order to sustain the suspension of an individual’s driving privileges under
§ 302.505.1, RSMo, the Director of Revenue must prove at a trial de novo that
“(1) the driver was arrested on probable cause for violating an alcohol-related
offense; and (2) the driver's [blood alcohol concentration] exceeded the legal limit of
.08 percent.” Shanks v. Dir. of Revenue, 534 S.W.3d 381, 386 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017)
(citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
To establish that a driver’s [blood alcohol concentration] was over the legal limit, the Director may introduce evidence of the results of a breath analyzer test. To lay a foundation for admission of those results, the Director must establish that the test was performed using the approved techniques and methods of DHSS, by an operator holding a valid permit and on equipment and devices approved by the DHSS. Roam v. Dir. of Revenue, 559 S.W.3d 1, 3 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018) (citing Gallagher v.
Dir. of Revenue, 487 S.W.3d 24, 26 (Mo. App. E.D. 2016)); see also § 577.037, RSMo.
1 Weisner did not file a Respondent’s Brief.
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IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT CHELSEA F. WEISNER, ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) WD81425 ) DIRECTOR OF REVENUE, ) FILED: February 19, 2019 Appellant. ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of Jackson County The Honorable Susan E. Long, Judge Before Division Two: Alok Ahuja, P.J., and Thomas H. Newton and Mark D. Pfeiffer, JJ. Respondent Chelsea Weisner was arrested for driving while intoxicated.
After her blood alcohol concentration tested over the legal limit, the Director of
Revenue suspended her driving privileges. Weisner filed a petition for a trial de
novo in the Circuit Court of Jackson County. Following a bench trial, the circuit
court held that the results of the breath test establishing Weisner’s blood alcohol
concentration was inadmissible. The court excluded the test results because the
breath test was conducted in a law enforcement patrol vehicle, which the court
concluded was improper under the regulations promulgated by the Department of
Health and Senior Services (“DHSS”). Because it found that there was no
competent evidence establishing that Weisner had a blood alcohol concentration
above the legal limit, the circuit court set aside the suspension of Weisner’s driving
privileges.
The Director of Revenue appeals. Consistent with our recent decision in Baker v. Director of Revenue, No. WD81325, 2019 WL 610383 (Mo. App. W.D. Feb. 13, 2019), we hold that the circuit court erroneously determined that the results of
Weisner’s breath test were inadmissible. We accordingly reverse the judgment of
the circuit court, and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this
opinion.
Factual Background At approximately 3:00 a.m. on July 30, 2016, Missouri State Highway Patrol
Trooper Aaron Engelhart observed a car driven by Weisner on westbound Interstate
70 in Jackson County. Weisner’s car failed to stay within a single lane, and Trooper
Engelhart initiated a traffic stop. When Weisner was seated in his patrol car,
Trooper Engelhart noted a strong odor of intoxicants coming from her breath, and
that Weisner’s speech was slurred and rambling. Weisner admitted that she had
consumed two alcoholic beverages, and that her last drink was approximately one
hour earlier.
Weisner permitted Trooper Engelhart to perform the horizontal gaze
nystagmus (“HGN”) test. Weisner exhibited six clues of intoxication on the HGN
test. Trooper Engelhart then asked Weisner whether she would perform field
sobriety tests, and she indicated that she would. When they exited Trooper
Engelhart’s patrol vehicle to perform the tests, Weisner failed to follow Trooper
Engelhart’s directions, and walked toward the traffic lanes of the highway. Because
he feared that Weisner would not stop and would walk into traffic, Trooper
Engelhart grabbed her arm and pulled her back onto the highway’s shoulder.
Weisner stated that she would not return to Trooper Engelhart’s vehicle. He then
placed her under arrest for driving while intoxicated.
Once they were again seated in Trooper Engelhart’s patrol vehicle, the
Trooper read Weisner Missouri’s Implied Consent warning, and Weisner agreed to
submit to a breath test. Trooper Engelhart performed a mouth check, and Weisner stated that she had nothing in her mouth. Trooper Engelhart then observed
2 Weisner for twenty-four minutes, during which she did not smoke, vomit, or
introduce anything into her mouth. Weisner then submitted a breath sample,
which was tested using the Alco-Sensor IV with printer (“AS-IV-P”) breath
analyzer. The breath testing occurred inside Trooper Engelhart’s patrol vehicle.
The breath test result indicated that Weisner’s blood alcohol concentration was
.104%.
The Director of Revenue suspended Weisner’s driving privileges pursuant to
§ 302.505, RSMo. The suspension of Weisner’s driver’s license was upheld following
an administrative hearing. She then petitioned the circuit court for a trial de novo
pursuant to § 302.535, RSMo.
The circuit court conducted a bench trial on October 3, 2017. When the
Director’s counsel asked Trooper Engelhart to testify concerning the results of the
breath test, Weisner’s counsel objected that performing the breath test in Trooper
Engelhart’s patrol vehicle violated the DHSS’s regulations. The court overruled the
objection, although it indicated that it would reexamine the admissibility issue
following the conclusion of the evidence, based on legal authorities submitted by the
parties. Trooper Engelhart then testified that Weisner’s breath test indicated that
she had a blood alcohol concentration of .104%. The circuit court entered its judgment setting aside the suspension of
Weisner’s driving privileges on December 18, 2017. The judgment found that the
testing of Weisner’s breath occurred in an improper location, and that the breath
test results were accordingly inadmissible. The court recognized that 19 C.S.R. 25-
30.050(2) specifies that “[b]reath analyzers are to be used within buildings or
vehicles used for driving-while-intoxicated enforcement.” The circuit court
interpreted this regulation as authorizing breath testing “in a building or in a
vehicle specifically designed for its placement, e.g. a mobile van, ‘BAT’ [Breath Alcohol Testing] vehicle, etc.” The judgment also noted that the report form
3 included in the DHSS’s regulations requires the device operator to certify that “[n]o
radio transmission occurred inside the room where and when the test was being
conducted.” 19 C.S.R. 25-3.060, Form #8 (emphasis added). The court concluded
that “the Officer’s patrol car is not a room as required by the certification on [DHSS]
Form 8.”
Given its exclusion of the breath test results, the circuit court concluded that
the Director had failed to submit “admissible evidence of [Weisner] having provided
a sample in excess of .08 BAC.” The court accordingly set aside the suspension of
Weisner’s driving privileges.
The Director of Revenue appeals.1
Discussion In order to sustain the suspension of an individual’s driving privileges under
§ 302.505.1, RSMo, the Director of Revenue must prove at a trial de novo that
“(1) the driver was arrested on probable cause for violating an alcohol-related
offense; and (2) the driver's [blood alcohol concentration] exceeded the legal limit of
.08 percent.” Shanks v. Dir. of Revenue, 534 S.W.3d 381, 386 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017)
(citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
To establish that a driver’s [blood alcohol concentration] was over the legal limit, the Director may introduce evidence of the results of a breath analyzer test. To lay a foundation for admission of those results, the Director must establish that the test was performed using the approved techniques and methods of DHSS, by an operator holding a valid permit and on equipment and devices approved by the DHSS. Roam v. Dir. of Revenue, 559 S.W.3d 1, 3 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018) (citing Gallagher v.
Dir. of Revenue, 487 S.W.3d 24, 26 (Mo. App. E.D. 2016)); see also § 577.037, RSMo.
1 Weisner did not file a Respondent’s Brief. “‘A respondent is not required to file a brief, but without one, we must adjudicate the claim of error without benefit of whatever argument the respondent might have presented.” In the Interest of F.R.D., 481 S.W.3d 32, 34 n.4 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
4 The Director argues that the trial court erred in concluding that Weisner’s
breath test results were inadmissible because the test was conducted in an
improper location.
We recently addressed this precise issue in Baker v. Director of Revenue, No.
WD81325, 2019 WL 610383 (Mo. App. W.D. Feb. 13, 2019). Baker held that a law
enforcement officer’s patrol vehicle, which was used for general enforcement of
traffic laws, constituted a “vehicle used for driving-while-intoxicated enforcement”
within the meaning of 19 C.S.R. 25-30.050(2), and was therefore a permissible
location for breath testing. Baker, 2018 WL 610383, at *3. In reaching this
conclusion, Baker followed the Eastern District’s decision in Marquart v. Director of
Revenue, 549 S.W.3d 56, 59–60 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018).
Baker also held that, although the DHSS’s reporting form required the test
administrator to certify that “[n]o radio transmission occurred inside the room
where and when the test was being conducted,” 19 C.S.R. 25-30.060, Form #8
(emphasis added), this certification provision did not alter the locations in which
breath testing could be conducted. Baker held that the certification provision could
be harmonized with 19 C.S.R. 25-30.050(2), by interpreting the word “room” as used
on Form #8 to refer to “a defined or enclosed space.” Baker, 2018 WL 610383, at *5. Even if the certification provision on Form #8 were interpreted to conflict with the
19 C.S.R. 25-30.050(2), Baker held that the regulation must prevail over the
certification section of the form, because the regulation was the more specific
provision addressing the permissible locations for breath testing. Id., 2018 WL
610383, at *5–*6.
For the reasons more fully explained in the Baker decision, the circuit court
erred in this case by excluding the breath test results on the basis that the breath
test was conducted in an improper location. We accordingly reverse the judgment of the circuit court. Even if the breath test was conducted consistently with DHSS
5 regulations and was therefore admissible, however, the circuit court as finder of fact
was required to determine whether the breath test results, and the other evidence
offered by the Director, were credible. See, e.g., Messner v. Dir. of Revenue, 469
S.W.3d 476, 482–83 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015). Based on its conclusion that the breath
test results were inadmissible, the circuit court did not assess the probative value or
weight of the Director’s evidence. We remand the case to the circuit court for it to
determine, as fact-finder, whether the Director has met his burden of proof to
sustain the suspension of Baker’s driving privileges.2
Conclusion The judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the case is remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
___________________________________ Alok Ahuja, Judge All concur.
2 In Baker, we reversed the judgment of the circuit court, and remanded the case for a new trial. In Baker, the circuit court excluded evidence of the breath test results during trial, and it was therefore unknown whether the driver would have made additional evidentiary objections, or would have presented additional evidence to rebut the breath test results, if the test results had been admitted. We therefore concluded that remand for a new trial was warranted. The procedural history of this case is different: here, the circuit court overruled Weisner’s objection during trial, and admitted the breath test results. Therefore, if Weisner had additional objections or evidence to present, she could—and should—have done so during the trial. A new trial is unwarranted in this case.