COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Beales and Senior Judge Coleman Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
CEDRIC PLATHER MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1017-08-1 JUDGE SAM W. COLEMAN III MARCH 24, 2009 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON Wilford Taylor, Jr., Judge
Scott J. Flax (Tavss, Fletcher, Maiden & Reed, P.C., on briefs), for appellant.
Gregory W. Franklin, Assistant Attorney General (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Cedric Plather appeals his convictions for robbery, stabbing in the commission of a felony,
and aggravated maiming. Plather argues the trial judge erred in denying his motion to dismiss due
to a statutory speedy trial violation. In support of that argument he further contends the court erred
by denying his request to correct a “continuance” order to accurately reflect that no continuance was
requested because no trial had been scheduled and rather this was merely the initial scheduling
hearing. We agree that the trial court failed to grant appellant a speedy trial within the requirements
of Code § 19.2-243. 1 Accordingly, we reverse the convictions, and dismiss the indictments.
On April 14, 2007, Plather was arrested for robbery, unlawful stabbing in the commission of
a felony, and malicious wounding. On May 8, 2007, a preliminary probable cause hearing was
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Because the record enables us to determine the nature of the proceedings before the trial court, without regard to the order being styled a “Continuance Order,” we need not specifically address whether the court erred by refusing to modify the order. held, at which Plather was bound over to the grand jury. On July 2, 2007, Plather was indicted for
robbery, unlawful shooting in the commission of a felony, and aggravated malicious wounding.2
On July 9, 2007, Plather appeared in court on the July 2 indictments. Plather informed the court that
he had retained attorney Scott J. Flax and that he wanted a jury trial. Flax was not present at the
hearing. The court asked the prosecutor for available trial dates, and the prosecutor provided dates
in October. The court then set the trial for October 31, 2007 and stated, “and this will be on
defendant’s motion for Cedric Plather.” The court instructed Plather to inform his attorney of the
trial date. The July 9, 2007 order, memorializing the proceedings, was styled a “Continuance
Order,” and provided, “On the motion of the defendant, by counsel there being no objection on
behalf of the Assistant Attorney for the Commonwealth, the Court doth continue this matter until
October 31, 2007, at 9:00 o’clock A.M. for a jury trial.” Neither counsel endorsed the order as the
court dispensed with the attorneys’ endorsement pursuant to Rule 1:13. The order also stated that
Jeffery Flax, and not Scott J. Flax, represented Plather. Plather was continuously held in custody
from the time of his arrest until the day of his trial.
On October 31, 2007, the trial was continued by agreement of the parties to November
20, 2007. On November 20, 2007, over Plather’s objection, the trial was continued on the
court’s own motion because another case had run longer than expected. The trial was continued
and rescheduled for January 11, 2008. On January 8, 2008, Plather filed a motion to dismiss due
to a statutory speedy trial violation. The court denied the motion and then in a bench trial
convicted Plather of the three charges. Prior to sentencing, Plather filed a motion to rehear the
speedy trial issue and, during that hearing, Plather requested modification of the July 9 order to
correctly style it a “scheduling order,” not a “continuance order.” The court refused to modify
2 The malicious wounding charge was not presented to the grand jury, and Plather was directly indicted for aggravated malicious wounding.
-2- the order and found that the July 9 “continuance” order tolled the running of the speedy trial
clock from that date until October 31, the date the matter was first set for trial.
ANALYSIS
“Under Code § 19.2-243, ‘an incarcerated accused held continuously in custody shall be
brought to trial within five months after a general district court finds probable cause to believe
that the [accused] has committed a crime.’” Norton v. Commonwealth, 19 Va. App. 97, 99, 448
S.E.2d 892, 893 (1994) (quoting Shearer v. Commonwealth, 9 Va. App. 394, 399, 388 S.E.2d
828, 830 (1990)). “The five month requirement of Code § 19.2-243 translates to 152 and a
fraction days.” Ballance v. Commonwealth, 21 Va. App. 1, 6, 461 S.E.2d 401, 403 (1995). This
“five-month period begins to run on the day after the preliminary hearing at which probable
cause is found.” Robinson v. Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 148, 152, 502 S.E.2d 704, 706
(1998). Where there is no preliminary hearing, the statute runs from the date of the indictment.
Code § 19.2-243.
Code § 19.2 243(4), however, states that the provisions of the section do not apply if the
failure to try the accused was caused:
By continuance granted on the motion of the accused or his counsel, or by concurrence of the accused or his counsel in such a motion by the attorney for the Commonwealth, or by the failure of the accused or his counsel to make a timely objection to such a motion by the attorney for the Commonwealth, or by reason of his escaping from jail or failing to appear according to his recognizance.
If the accused is not tried within this time period, “the burden is on the Commonwealth to
explain the delay.” Godfrey v. Commonwealth, 227 Va. 460, 463, 317 S.E.2d 781, 782 (1984).
“[T]he proper assessment and determination of the merits of a Code § 19.2-243 claim involve a
review of the whole record and a consideration of the trial court orders in the context of the
-3- record that comes before us.” Baity v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 497, 503, 431 S.E.2d 891,
895 (1993) (en banc).
Plather and the Commonwealth agree that the validity of Plather’s convictions turns on
whether the time period between July 9, 2007 and October 31, 2007 should be charged to Plather
in calculating the five-month time period. If this time period is not chargeable to Plather, his
trial was held beyond the five-month time period in violation of Code § 19.2-243.
Relying upon Hudson v. Commonwealth, 267 Va. 36, 591 S.E.2d 679 (2004), and
Commonwealth v. Hutchins, 260 Va. 293, 533 S.E.2d 622 (2000), the Commonwealth argues
Plather’s agreement to the initial scheduling of a trial date constitutes a continuance within the
intendment of Code § 19.2-243. In Hudson, a fourteen-year-old defendant was charged with two
felonies in petitions initiated in the juvenile and domestic relations district court (JDR court) on
December 31, 2000. Hudson, 267 Va. at 38, 591 S.E.2d at 680. On February 1, 2001, the circuit
court conducted a “docketing conference” for the purpose of setting a trial date in anticipation
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Humphreys, Beales and Senior Judge Coleman Argued at Chesapeake, Virginia
CEDRIC PLATHER MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1017-08-1 JUDGE SAM W. COLEMAN III MARCH 24, 2009 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF HAMPTON Wilford Taylor, Jr., Judge
Scott J. Flax (Tavss, Fletcher, Maiden & Reed, P.C., on briefs), for appellant.
Gregory W. Franklin, Assistant Attorney General (Robert F. McDonnell, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Cedric Plather appeals his convictions for robbery, stabbing in the commission of a felony,
and aggravated maiming. Plather argues the trial judge erred in denying his motion to dismiss due
to a statutory speedy trial violation. In support of that argument he further contends the court erred
by denying his request to correct a “continuance” order to accurately reflect that no continuance was
requested because no trial had been scheduled and rather this was merely the initial scheduling
hearing. We agree that the trial court failed to grant appellant a speedy trial within the requirements
of Code § 19.2-243. 1 Accordingly, we reverse the convictions, and dismiss the indictments.
On April 14, 2007, Plather was arrested for robbery, unlawful stabbing in the commission of
a felony, and malicious wounding. On May 8, 2007, a preliminary probable cause hearing was
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 Because the record enables us to determine the nature of the proceedings before the trial court, without regard to the order being styled a “Continuance Order,” we need not specifically address whether the court erred by refusing to modify the order. held, at which Plather was bound over to the grand jury. On July 2, 2007, Plather was indicted for
robbery, unlawful shooting in the commission of a felony, and aggravated malicious wounding.2
On July 9, 2007, Plather appeared in court on the July 2 indictments. Plather informed the court that
he had retained attorney Scott J. Flax and that he wanted a jury trial. Flax was not present at the
hearing. The court asked the prosecutor for available trial dates, and the prosecutor provided dates
in October. The court then set the trial for October 31, 2007 and stated, “and this will be on
defendant’s motion for Cedric Plather.” The court instructed Plather to inform his attorney of the
trial date. The July 9, 2007 order, memorializing the proceedings, was styled a “Continuance
Order,” and provided, “On the motion of the defendant, by counsel there being no objection on
behalf of the Assistant Attorney for the Commonwealth, the Court doth continue this matter until
October 31, 2007, at 9:00 o’clock A.M. for a jury trial.” Neither counsel endorsed the order as the
court dispensed with the attorneys’ endorsement pursuant to Rule 1:13. The order also stated that
Jeffery Flax, and not Scott J. Flax, represented Plather. Plather was continuously held in custody
from the time of his arrest until the day of his trial.
On October 31, 2007, the trial was continued by agreement of the parties to November
20, 2007. On November 20, 2007, over Plather’s objection, the trial was continued on the
court’s own motion because another case had run longer than expected. The trial was continued
and rescheduled for January 11, 2008. On January 8, 2008, Plather filed a motion to dismiss due
to a statutory speedy trial violation. The court denied the motion and then in a bench trial
convicted Plather of the three charges. Prior to sentencing, Plather filed a motion to rehear the
speedy trial issue and, during that hearing, Plather requested modification of the July 9 order to
correctly style it a “scheduling order,” not a “continuance order.” The court refused to modify
2 The malicious wounding charge was not presented to the grand jury, and Plather was directly indicted for aggravated malicious wounding.
-2- the order and found that the July 9 “continuance” order tolled the running of the speedy trial
clock from that date until October 31, the date the matter was first set for trial.
ANALYSIS
“Under Code § 19.2-243, ‘an incarcerated accused held continuously in custody shall be
brought to trial within five months after a general district court finds probable cause to believe
that the [accused] has committed a crime.’” Norton v. Commonwealth, 19 Va. App. 97, 99, 448
S.E.2d 892, 893 (1994) (quoting Shearer v. Commonwealth, 9 Va. App. 394, 399, 388 S.E.2d
828, 830 (1990)). “The five month requirement of Code § 19.2-243 translates to 152 and a
fraction days.” Ballance v. Commonwealth, 21 Va. App. 1, 6, 461 S.E.2d 401, 403 (1995). This
“five-month period begins to run on the day after the preliminary hearing at which probable
cause is found.” Robinson v. Commonwealth, 28 Va. App. 148, 152, 502 S.E.2d 704, 706
(1998). Where there is no preliminary hearing, the statute runs from the date of the indictment.
Code § 19.2-243.
Code § 19.2 243(4), however, states that the provisions of the section do not apply if the
failure to try the accused was caused:
By continuance granted on the motion of the accused or his counsel, or by concurrence of the accused or his counsel in such a motion by the attorney for the Commonwealth, or by the failure of the accused or his counsel to make a timely objection to such a motion by the attorney for the Commonwealth, or by reason of his escaping from jail or failing to appear according to his recognizance.
If the accused is not tried within this time period, “the burden is on the Commonwealth to
explain the delay.” Godfrey v. Commonwealth, 227 Va. 460, 463, 317 S.E.2d 781, 782 (1984).
“[T]he proper assessment and determination of the merits of a Code § 19.2-243 claim involve a
review of the whole record and a consideration of the trial court orders in the context of the
-3- record that comes before us.” Baity v. Commonwealth, 16 Va. App. 497, 503, 431 S.E.2d 891,
895 (1993) (en banc).
Plather and the Commonwealth agree that the validity of Plather’s convictions turns on
whether the time period between July 9, 2007 and October 31, 2007 should be charged to Plather
in calculating the five-month time period. If this time period is not chargeable to Plather, his
trial was held beyond the five-month time period in violation of Code § 19.2-243.
Relying upon Hudson v. Commonwealth, 267 Va. 36, 591 S.E.2d 679 (2004), and
Commonwealth v. Hutchins, 260 Va. 293, 533 S.E.2d 622 (2000), the Commonwealth argues
Plather’s agreement to the initial scheduling of a trial date constitutes a continuance within the
intendment of Code § 19.2-243. In Hudson, a fourteen-year-old defendant was charged with two
felonies in petitions initiated in the juvenile and domestic relations district court (JDR court) on
December 31, 2000. Hudson, 267 Va. at 38, 591 S.E.2d at 680. On February 1, 2001, the circuit
court conducted a “docketing conference” for the purpose of setting a trial date in anticipation
that the defendant’s charges would be transferred from the JDR court to the circuit court and that
the defendant would be indicted on the charges. The defendant’s attorneys agreed to a trial date
of July 18, 2001. Id. at 39, 591 S.E.2d at 680. On February 12, 2001, the JDR court conducted a
preliminary hearing and transferred the case to the circuit court for the defendant’s trial as an
adult. On March 5, 2001, a grand jury indicted the defendant for the two felony charges. Id. In
finding there was no statutory speedy trial violation, the Court stated:
[The defendant] also agreed to an original trial date beyond the five-month period fixed by Code § 19.2-243. Because [the defendant’s] agreement to the trial date was confirmed by the circuit court before he was indicted, we do not charge [the defendant] with the time pending before his indictment, but remove from the five-month period only the time between his indictment in the circuit court on March 5, 2001, and his trial on July 18, 2001.
Id. at 42, 591 S.E.2d at 682. -4- In Hutchins, the defendant appeared in the JDR court for a preliminary hearing on
October 23, 1996 for two felonies, was indicted on February 10, 1997, and made his first
appearance in circuit court on February 25, 1997. Hutchins, 260 Va. at 295, 533 S.E.2d at 623.
At the February 25, 1997 hearing, the defendant was arraigned and entered not guilty pleas to the
charges, requested a jury trial, and agreed to a June 6, 1997 trial date – a date which was beyond
the five-month statutory speedy trial limitation. Id. The Court held no statutory speedy trial
violation had occurred, finding that the time period between February 25, 1997 and June 6, 1997
was not included in calculating the five-month time period because, on February 25, 1997, the
defendant acquiesced and agreed to a trial on June 6, 1997. Id. at 298, 533 S.E.2d at 625.
This case differs from both Hudson and Hutchins because Plather’s initial trial date was
not set beyond the five-month statutory time period. When Plather first appeared before the trial
court on July 9, 2007, the court stated that the purpose of the hearing was to “tell us who you’ve
hired for an attorney.” After Plather stated that Scott J. Flax was his attorney and he wanted a
jury trial, the trial court stated, “Let’s set a date then for a jury.” There is no suggestion in the
record that the Commonwealth was prepared for trial on July 9, 2007 or that the court was
prepared to conduct a trial on the charges. The court then set a trial date within the five-month
time period. The “time elapsing from the finding of probable cause to the initial trial date, even
though the accused concurs in the trial date, is not a continuance within the contemplation of
subsection (4) of the statute, but counts against the Commonwealth in a calculation of
compliance.” Ballance, 21 Va. App. at 6, 461 S.E.2d at 403 (emphasis added). According to the
Commonwealth’s reasoning, Plather was required to object to the setting of a trial date within the
five-month period in order for that time not to toll the running of the statute. There would,
however, be no basis for Plather to object to the court setting the matter for trial within the
five-month time period.
-5- Plather also argues the trial court erred in denying his motion to correct the July 9, 2007
“continuance” order to accurately reflect what occurred at the hearing.
“A court speaks through its orders and those orders are presumed to accurately reflect
what transpired.” McBride v. Commonwealth, 24 Va. App. 30, 35, 480 S.E.2d 126, 128 (1997).
This presumption applies where an order conflicts with a transcript of the subject proceedings.
See Stamper v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 260, 280-81, 257 S.E.2d 808, 822 (1979). Even so,
“we are not restricted to the precise, technical wording of a court’s order when other evidence in
the record clearly establishes that the court had a different intent.” McBride, 24 Va. App. at 36,
480 S.E.2d at 129. “The burden is on the party alleging an irregularity in a court proceeding to
show affirmatively from the record that the irregularity exists.” Howerton v. Commonwealth, 36
Va. App. 205, 212, 548 S.E.2d 914, 917 (2001).
In this case, Plather has rebutted the presumption of correctness that the July 9, 2007
order was in fact a “continuance.” The July 9 hearing was held just seven days after Plather was
indicted for the three felony charges. At the beginning of the hearing, the court stated that the
purpose of the hearing was for Plather to “tell us who you’ve hired for an attorney.” Plather
informed the court that he had retained Scott J. Flax and that he wanted a jury trial. Scott J. Flax
was not present at the hearing. The order entered after the July 9 hearing stated that Plather’s
counsel was Jeffery Flax, that Jeffery Flax was present, and that the subject of the hearing was
on Plather’s motion. The transcript and record show that the July 9, 2007 order had the wrong
name for Plather’s counsel, that no defense counsel was present at the hearing, that Plather had
not filed a motion, and that he made no oral motion at the hearing. Plather has affirmatively
shown from the circumstances of the case and from the transcript of the hearing that the July 9,
2007 order was not a continuance of his trial, but it was a docketing hearing to set the initial trial
-6- date. Accordingly, the record shows that the July 9, 2007 order was not a continuance for trial
purposes that tolled the running of the statutory speedy trial limitation.
Based upon the foregoing, the time period between July 9, 2007 and October 31, 2007
was not chargeable to Plather. Thus, Plather’s trial was not held within the mandatory
five-month period of Code § 19.2-243 and the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss.
Accordingly, Plather’s convictions for robbery, stabbing in the commission of a felony, and
aggravated maiming are reversed and the indictments are dismissed.
Reversed and dismissed.
-7-