UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
YASMIN CARTY,
Plaintiff, v. Civil Action No. 10-1788 AUTHOR SOLUTIONS, INC.,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Yasmin Carty brought this action pro se against defendant publisher Author
Solutions, Inc. ("Author Solutions"), alleging misconduct relating to sale of her book, "Proverbs,
Phrases, or Rhymes for People Who are Interested in Knowledge and Wisdom." See Compl. at
1. Plaintiff seeks "restitution of $30,000,000" and contends that the defendant was "hiding sales"
and "obviously suppressi[ng] evidence of other subsidiaries and companies . . . selling [her]
book." Id. Presently before the Court is the defendant's motion to dismiss the plaintiff's
complaint with prejudice for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. For the
following reasons, the Court will grant defendant's motion to dismiss.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff entered into an Author Services Agreement ("Agreement") with Author
Solutions,1 through which she purchased the "Standard Paperback Publishing" option to publish a
book entitled "Proverbs, Phrases and Rhymes." Def.'s Mot. to Dismiss ("Def.'s Mot") [Docket
1 Author Solutions also operates under the name AuthorHouse.
-1- Entry 3] Ex. 1 at 1. This option provides that Author Solutions will "prepare [the author's work]
for distribution as a . . . paperback, design a full-color cover, obtain an International Standard
Book Number (ISBN), and register [the work] with distributors so that it may be available for
sale." Def.'s Mot. Ex. 2 at 1. Section 5 of the Agreement indicates that Author Solutions will
remit royalty payments to authors on a quarterly basis along with a report of sales for each
quarter. Id. at 2. Section 13 of the Agreement stipulates that "[a]ny dispute between the parties
MUST be submitted to binding arbitration administered by the American Arbitration
Association." Id. at 4. Plaintiff signed the Agreement on September 28, 2006, indicating that
she had read, understood, and accepted its terms in full. Def.'s Mot. Ex. 1 at 2. Between 2007
and 2010, plaintiff received checks from Author Solutions in amounts ranging from $3.95 to
$79.20, reflecting payment of royalties earned in relation to sales of her book. Compl. Exs. A1-
A6.
On September 28, 2010, plaintiff filed this complaint against Author Solutions in the
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, alleging an apparent breach of contract claim and
seeking damages of $30,000,000. Compl. at 1. Plaintiff claims that she discovered that her book
is available for sale "in every country throughout the world," through a number of venues
including online retailers and bookstores. Id. She also maintains that the book has become a
bestseller in Canada. Id. Based on this information, plaintiff alleges that Author Solutions has
withheld royalties to which she is entitled as a result of sales of her book and requests "restitution
for [the defendant] hiding sales and . . . suppressing evidence of other subsidiaries and companies
who are selling [her] book." Id.
Author Solutions removed the action to this Court on October 22, 2010, and moved to
-2- dismiss the plaintiff's complaint for failure to state a claim on October 25, 2010. Author
Solutions also contends that, in any event, plaintiff's complaint must be arbitrated according to
the terms of the Agreement. Def.'s Mot. at 4.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
All that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require of a complaint is that it contain "'a
short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,' in order to
'give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.'" Bell
Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47
(1957)); accord Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (per curiam). Although "detailed
factual allegations" are not necessary to withstand a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, to provide
the "grounds" of "entitle[ment] to relief," a plaintiff must furnish "more than labels and
conclusions" or "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action." Twombly, 550 U.S.
at 555-56; see also Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986). "To survive a motion to
dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to
relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting
Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570); accord Atherton v. District of Columbia Office of the Mayor, 567
F.3d 672, 681 (D.C. Cir. 2009). A complaint is plausible on its face "when the plaintiff pleads
factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable
for the misconduct alleged." Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949. This amounts to a "two-pronged
approach" under which a court first identifies the factual allegations entitled to an assumption of
truth and then determines "whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief." Id. at
1950-51.
-3- The notice pleading rules are not meant to impose a great burden on a plaintiff. Dura
Pharm., Inc. v. Broudo, 544 U.S. 336, 347 (2005); see also Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534
U.S. 506, 512-13 (2002). When the sufficiency of a complaint is challenged by a motion to
dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the plaintiff's factual allegations must be presumed true and should
be liberally construed in his or her favor. Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics &
Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 164 (1993); Phillips v. Bureau of Prisons, 591 F.2d 966, 968
(D.C. Cir. 1979); see also Erickson, 551 U.S. at 94 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-56). The
plaintiff must be given every favorable inference that may be drawn from the allegations of fact.
Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974); Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 216 F.3d 1111,
1113 (D.C. Cir. 2000). However, "the court need not accept inferences drawn by plaintiffs if
such inferences are unsupported by the facts set out in the complaint." Kowal v. MCI Commc'ns
Corp., 16 F.3d 1271, 1276 (D.C. Cir. 1994). Nor does the court accept "a legal conclusion
couched as a factual allegation," or "naked assertions [of unlawful misconduct] devoid of further
factual enhancement." Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949-50 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also
Aktieselskabet AF 21. November 21 v.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
YASMIN CARTY,
Plaintiff, v. Civil Action No. 10-1788 AUTHOR SOLUTIONS, INC.,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Yasmin Carty brought this action pro se against defendant publisher Author
Solutions, Inc. ("Author Solutions"), alleging misconduct relating to sale of her book, "Proverbs,
Phrases, or Rhymes for People Who are Interested in Knowledge and Wisdom." See Compl. at
1. Plaintiff seeks "restitution of $30,000,000" and contends that the defendant was "hiding sales"
and "obviously suppressi[ng] evidence of other subsidiaries and companies . . . selling [her]
book." Id. Presently before the Court is the defendant's motion to dismiss the plaintiff's
complaint with prejudice for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. For the
following reasons, the Court will grant defendant's motion to dismiss.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiff entered into an Author Services Agreement ("Agreement") with Author
Solutions,1 through which she purchased the "Standard Paperback Publishing" option to publish a
book entitled "Proverbs, Phrases and Rhymes." Def.'s Mot. to Dismiss ("Def.'s Mot") [Docket
1 Author Solutions also operates under the name AuthorHouse.
-1- Entry 3] Ex. 1 at 1. This option provides that Author Solutions will "prepare [the author's work]
for distribution as a . . . paperback, design a full-color cover, obtain an International Standard
Book Number (ISBN), and register [the work] with distributors so that it may be available for
sale." Def.'s Mot. Ex. 2 at 1. Section 5 of the Agreement indicates that Author Solutions will
remit royalty payments to authors on a quarterly basis along with a report of sales for each
quarter. Id. at 2. Section 13 of the Agreement stipulates that "[a]ny dispute between the parties
MUST be submitted to binding arbitration administered by the American Arbitration
Association." Id. at 4. Plaintiff signed the Agreement on September 28, 2006, indicating that
she had read, understood, and accepted its terms in full. Def.'s Mot. Ex. 1 at 2. Between 2007
and 2010, plaintiff received checks from Author Solutions in amounts ranging from $3.95 to
$79.20, reflecting payment of royalties earned in relation to sales of her book. Compl. Exs. A1-
A6.
On September 28, 2010, plaintiff filed this complaint against Author Solutions in the
Superior Court of the District of Columbia, alleging an apparent breach of contract claim and
seeking damages of $30,000,000. Compl. at 1. Plaintiff claims that she discovered that her book
is available for sale "in every country throughout the world," through a number of venues
including online retailers and bookstores. Id. She also maintains that the book has become a
bestseller in Canada. Id. Based on this information, plaintiff alleges that Author Solutions has
withheld royalties to which she is entitled as a result of sales of her book and requests "restitution
for [the defendant] hiding sales and . . . suppressing evidence of other subsidiaries and companies
who are selling [her] book." Id.
Author Solutions removed the action to this Court on October 22, 2010, and moved to
-2- dismiss the plaintiff's complaint for failure to state a claim on October 25, 2010. Author
Solutions also contends that, in any event, plaintiff's complaint must be arbitrated according to
the terms of the Agreement. Def.'s Mot. at 4.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
All that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require of a complaint is that it contain "'a
short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,' in order to
'give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.'" Bell
Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47
(1957)); accord Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (per curiam). Although "detailed
factual allegations" are not necessary to withstand a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, to provide
the "grounds" of "entitle[ment] to relief," a plaintiff must furnish "more than labels and
conclusions" or "a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action." Twombly, 550 U.S.
at 555-56; see also Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986). "To survive a motion to
dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to
relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) (quoting
Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570); accord Atherton v. District of Columbia Office of the Mayor, 567
F.3d 672, 681 (D.C. Cir. 2009). A complaint is plausible on its face "when the plaintiff pleads
factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable
for the misconduct alleged." Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949. This amounts to a "two-pronged
approach" under which a court first identifies the factual allegations entitled to an assumption of
truth and then determines "whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief." Id. at
1950-51.
-3- The notice pleading rules are not meant to impose a great burden on a plaintiff. Dura
Pharm., Inc. v. Broudo, 544 U.S. 336, 347 (2005); see also Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534
U.S. 506, 512-13 (2002). When the sufficiency of a complaint is challenged by a motion to
dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the plaintiff's factual allegations must be presumed true and should
be liberally construed in his or her favor. Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics &
Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 164 (1993); Phillips v. Bureau of Prisons, 591 F.2d 966, 968
(D.C. Cir. 1979); see also Erickson, 551 U.S. at 94 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555-56). The
plaintiff must be given every favorable inference that may be drawn from the allegations of fact.
Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974); Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 216 F.3d 1111,
1113 (D.C. Cir. 2000). However, "the court need not accept inferences drawn by plaintiffs if
such inferences are unsupported by the facts set out in the complaint." Kowal v. MCI Commc'ns
Corp., 16 F.3d 1271, 1276 (D.C. Cir. 1994). Nor does the court accept "a legal conclusion
couched as a factual allegation," or "naked assertions [of unlawful misconduct] devoid of further
factual enhancement." Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949-50 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also
Aktieselskabet AF 21. November 21 v. Fame Jeans Inc., 525 F.3d 8, 17 n.4 (D.C. Cir. 2008)
(explaining that the court has "never accepted legal conclusions cast in the form of factual
allegations").
DISCUSSION
A. Failure to State a Claim
Even under the liberal standard by which pro se plaintiffs' complaints are evaluated, the
plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. See Fed. R. Civ. P.
12(b)(6). Complaints submitted by plaintiffs proceeding pro se are reviewed by the court under
-4- "less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers." Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S.
519, 520 (1972). The court may also examine "other pleadings to understand the nature and
basis of [plaintiff's] pro se claims." Chandler v. W.E. Welch & Assocs., 533 F. Supp. 2d 94, 102
(D.D.C. 2008) (quoting Gray v. Poole, 275 F.3d 1113, 1115 (D.C. Cir. 2002)). However, a pro
se complaint must still plead "'factual matter' that permits the court to infer more than the 'mere
possibility of misconduct.'" Jones v. Horne, 634 F.3d 588, 596 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (internal citation
omitted).
Carty's complaint, a one-page document that discusses her failure to receive timely
royalty payments, provides insufficient factual information to establish breach of contract or any
other claim upon which she would be entitled to the relief she seeks. Carty states in her
complaint that she is owed $30,000,000 as "restitution" for the defendant's concealment of sales
of her book and failure to remit to her the resulting royalty payments in a timely manner. Compl.
at 1. Plaintiff attaches checks she has received from Author Solutions, but these alone do not
indicate a contractual obligation on the part of Author Solutions or suggest that Author Solutions
has violated any provision of the Agreement. Compl. Exs. A1-A6. The court need not accept
legal conclusions "cast in the form of factual allegations" or "accept inferences drawn by
plaintiffs if such inferences are unsupported by the facts set out in the complaint." Kowal, 16
F.3d at 1276; see also Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949-50. Hence, because plaintiff's assertions are not
supported by facts showing misconduct by defendant, her complaint will be dismissed for failure
to state a claim for which relief may be granted.
B. Arbitration Agreement
Even if plaintiff's complaint did adequately state a claim for relief, her claims would also
-5- have to be dismissed because her Agreement with Author Solutions mandates parties to submit
disputes to binding arbitration. See Def.'s Mot. Ex. 2 at 4. A written agreement to arbitrate "in
. . . a contract evidencing a transaction involving commerce . . . shall be valid, irrevocable, and
enforceable," absent circumstances that would invalidate the agreement. 9 U.S.C. § 2; Nelson v.
Insignia/ESG, Inc., 215 F. Supp. 2d 143, 158 (D.D.C. 2002). The Federal Arbitration Act creates
a strong presumption in favor of enforcing arbitration agreements, and "any doubts concerning
the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration." Moses H. Cone Mem'l
Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 460 U.S. 1, 24-25 (1983). Here, section 13 of the Agreement
states that "[a]ny dispute between the parties MUST be submitted to binding arbitration
administered by the American Arbitration Association," Def.'s Mot. Ex. 2 at 4, and plaintiff does
not contest the validity of the Agreement. Hence, arbitration is the appropriate forum for
plaintiff's grievance, not this Court.
Defendant contends that dismissal with prejudice is appropriate because "allowing
amendment would be futile" due to the Agreement's requirement of binding arbitration. Def.'s
Mot. at 4, Ex. 2 at 4. Although leave to amend a complaint is freely granted to plaintiffs when
"justice so requires," Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2), a court may, in its discretion, deny leave to amend
in cases of "undue delay, bad faith or . . . futility of amendment." Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178,
182 (1962). An amendment is deemed futile when the proposed claim would not survive a
motion to dismiss, such as where the amended complaint would suffer from the same flaw as the
original complaint. James Madison Ltd. v. Ludwig, 82 F.3d 1085, 1099 (D.C. Cir. 1996);
Johnson v. Dist. of Columbia, 244 F.R.D. 1, 7 (D.D.C. 2007), aff’d, 552 F.3d 806 (D.C. Cir.
2008).
-6- Here, plaintiff's claim against Author Solutions fails because it arises from the
Agreement, which mandates arbitration for all disputes. Hence, it is very likely that any
amendments to her complaint would suffer from the same flaw. See, e.g., Johnson, 244 F.R.D. at
8 (denying as futile the amendment of plaintiff's claims because of requirement to pursue
administrative remedy). Where a court determines that the assertion of additional facts
consistent with the challenged pleading would not remedy the deficiency, dismissal of a claim
with prejudice is appropriate. Firestone v. Firestone, 76 F.3d 1205, 1209 (D.C. Cir. 1996); see
also Jung v. Ass'n of Am. Med. Colls., 184 F. App'x 9, 11-12 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (affirming
dismissal of plaintiffs' complaint with prejudice because claim was barred by statute and
allegation of additional facts would not cure deficiency). But here the Court need not reach that
far, because plaintiff has given no sign of wishing to amend her complaint. Hence, the Court will
simply dismiss the complaint.2
Finally, plaintiff has requested in her reply to defendant's motion to dismiss that the Court
should refrain from ordering dismissal because she wishes to settle with defendant. The parties
have had ample time to follow that course, and there is no basis to delay resolution of defendant's
motion any longer.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons explained above, the Court will grant defendant's motion to dismiss for
failure to state a claim. An order has been filed on this date.
2 The Court need not convert defendant's motion to dismiss, which attached the Agreement, to a motion for summary judgment because plaintiff's complaint is dismissed for failure to state a claim notwithstanding the arbitration agreement.
-7- /s/ JOHN D. BATES United States District Judge
Dated: June 10, 2011
-8-