Carter v. Pension Plan of A. Finkl & Sons Co.

654 F.3d 719
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedAugust 3, 2011
Docket10-3287
StatusUnpublished

This text of 654 F.3d 719 (Carter v. Pension Plan of A. Finkl & Sons Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Carter v. Pension Plan of A. Finkl & Sons Co., 654 F.3d 719 (7th Cir. 2011).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued May 5, 2011 Decided August 3, 2011

Before

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge

ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS, Circuit Judge

No. 10‐3287

Kenneth A Carter, et al., Appeal from the United States District Plaintiffs‐Appellants, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division v. No. 8 CV 7169 Pension Plan of A. Finkl & Sons Company for Eligible Office Employees, et al., Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Judge.

Defendants‐Appellees.

O R D E R No. 10‐3287 Page 2

When a qualified pension plan decides to terminate, it must follow a careful and exacting process that ends with the plan purchasing annuities for all its beneficiaries from a third‐party private insurance company. The A. Finkl & Sons Pension Plan decided to voluntarily terminate, but after going through some extensive initial steps, it realized that it would be too expensive and formally withdrew from the process. At the heart of its decision was an amendment to the plan that provided that if the plan terminated, the employees could keep working at Finkl while still receiving the annuities that Finkl purchased for them. The costs associated with this benefit were far more than Finkl anticipated.

After Finkl notified its employees and the government agency that it had decided not to terminate the Plan, a group of Finkl employees sued. They claimed that the Plan had taken away some of their protected rights, rights that are guaranteed under the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. (the Act), and under the Plan’s own provisions. Under the Act and Finkl’s own plan, some benefits are protected from amendment—that is, certain benefits once given cannot be taken away or decreased. This is commonly referred to as the anti‐cutback provision or anti‐cutback clause, depending on whether it is contained in the Act or the plan’s own terms.

Plaintiffs argued that their ability to receive an annuity while still working at Finkl was protected both by the Act and under the language of Finkl’s plan. The Plan protects beneficiaries from amendments that decrease “accrued benefits.” Plaintiffs recognized that the amendment gave them the right to receive an annuity while still working only if the plan terminated. Thus, they claim that the plan had in fact terminated and their right to the annuity while still working had accrued.

The district court found that plaintiffs’ ability to receive an annuity while still working is not a protected right under either the Act or the Plan’s own terms. The Act only protects certain benefits, and those relevant here are all tied to benefits available at retirement. The district court also found that plaintiffs’ ability to receive an annuity while still working was contingent on the Plan terminating. Despite plaintiffs’ argument to the contrary, the Plan never terminated—it was in the process of terminating but quickly withdrew from the process prescribed by the Act and the governing regulations when it discovered the unexpected financial impact.

Plaintiffs now appeal and we affirm. The district court was correct that plaintiffs’ right to an immediate annuity while still working at Finkl was not a right protected by the Act. Further, the plaintiffs would only have an accrued and thus protected benefit under the Act if the Plan terminated, and the Plan did not terminate. Instead, it withdrew from the process No. 10‐3287 Page 3

before it was completed. Thus, plaintiffs do not have an accrued right that was protected from amendment.

1. Background

Finkl is a large steel company based in Chicago. Among the benefits it offers employees is a defined benefit pension plan that qualifies under the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. At some point in 2006, Finkl decided to terminate its Plan. The record isn’t completely clear why, but it seems that Finkl anticipated merging with another company; apparently, the outstanding liability that attached to the Plan was a stumbling block. So in hopes of moving forward with the merger, Finkl decided to terminate the Plan. Although Finkl and its Plan are separate legal entities, for clarity’s sake we sometimes refer to them as one.

1.1 Plan Termination Process

Under the Act, a plan may only terminate after an involved process. Depending on how you count the steps, there are over thirteen with many, many regulations to follow. First, there must be sufficient assets to cover the plan’s liabilities—the benefits promised to its beneficiaries, namely the employees. Then, if the plan anticipates that it has enough assets, it must get permission from the federal agency that oversees and insures pension plans: the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, which we refer to as the Agency. Once that happens, a detailed timeline for terminating the plan is set by the Agency and the governing regulations. Under this schedule, the plan proceeds through several steps involving various accountings, forms, and approvals. Finally, the plan buys annuities from a third‐party insurance company to ensure that the beneficiaries receive all the retirement benefits they have earned. This is referred to as the distribution of assets.

After the distribution of assets occurs, the plan certifies to the Agency that it has completed the process. The Agency reviews all the documents and either agrees or issues a notice of non‐compliance. A notice of non‐compliance nullifies all the plan’s previous actions and renders it on‐going, which means that under the law the plan has not terminated. Thus, it is still operating and must comply with all of the Act’s provisions—this includes funding the plan. If a plan fails to comply with the Act’s provisions, it can lose its qualified tax status, opening itself and its beneficiaries up to severe tax consequences and penalties. 26 U.S.C. § 411(d)(6)(A); Id. § 402(b)(1) (employees pay taxes on the contributions as gross income), id. § 404(a)(5); Flight Attendants Against UAL Offset v. Comm’r of Internal Revenue,165 F.3d 572, 574–75 (7th Cir. 1999); e.g., John D. Colombo, Paying for Sins of the Master: An Analysis of the Tax No. 10‐3287 Page 4

Effects of Pension Plan Disqualification and a Proposal for Reform, 34 Ariz. L. R. 53, 54–57 (1992). Plans want to avoid losing their qualified tax status at all costs. In fact, some refer to the threat of losing the qualified tax status as the “‘nuclear bomb’ method of enforcement.” Id. at 55.

1.2. The Finkl Plan Termination

Believing that the Plan’s assets could cover its liabilities, Finkl began the tedious process for terminating the plan. After it received permission from the Agency to proceed with the termination, the Agency set a target date for the Plan to finish the accountings and disburse its assets. Finkl also notified employees about the decision to terminate the Plan. Soon thereafter, the Plan adopted Amendment 1, which provided, in relevant part, that

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654 F.3d 719, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/carter-v-pension-plan-of-a-finkl-sons-co-ca7-2011.