Carnival Corp. v. Pajares

972 So. 2d 973, 2007 WL 4481522
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedDecember 26, 2007
Docket3D06-1744
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 972 So. 2d 973 (Carnival Corp. v. Pajares) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Carnival Corp. v. Pajares, 972 So. 2d 973, 2007 WL 4481522 (Fla. Ct. App. 2007).

Opinion

972 So.2d 973 (2007)

CARNIVAL CORPORATION d/b/a Carnival Cruise Lines, Appellant,
v.
Luis PAJARES, Appellee.

No. 3D06-1744.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.

December 26, 2007.
Rehearing Denied February 7, 2008.

*974 Holland & Knight and Rodolfo Sorondo, Jr. and Rebecca M. Plasencia, Miami, for appellant.

Ginsberg & Schwartz and Arnold R. Ginsberg; Rivkind, Pedraza & Margulies and Brett Rivkind, Miami, for appellee.

*975 Before GREEN, ROTHENBERG, and SALTER, JJ.

ROTHENBERG, Judge.

Crewman Luis Pajares ("Pajares") suffered a stroke while working for Carnival Cruise Lines ("Carnival"). Pajares' claim for failure to provide prompt, adequate medical care was tried and decided adversely to Carnival. Because we conclude that Pajares' counsel's improper comments during closing argument and the comments made by Pajares' witness, Gary Anderson, deprived Carnival of a fair trial, we reverse the trial court's order denying Carnival's motion for new trial.

The evidence presented at trial reveals that Pajares worked for Carnival for five years; that each year he was required to undergo a physical examination and be cleared fit for employment by Carnival's doctors; and that after being declared fit for employment, Pajares suffered a stroke. Pajares claimed that Carnival was negligent for failing to diagnose and treat his hypertension, and that as a result, he suffered a stroke. Carnival's defense was that its doctor counseled Pajares on modifications to his lifestyle, recommending that he maintain a healthy diet, avoid drinking alcohol, and quit smoking. Carnival argued that Pajares' stroke was caused by his twenty-eight years of smoking, and that modification of his lifestyle, rather than medication, was the appropriate treatment, and since Carnival's doctor advised Pajares that he should make these modifications to his lifestyle, Carnival was not negligent. Carnival additionally argued that, at a minimum, because Pajares did not quit smoking as recommended by Carnival's doctor, his conduct was a contributing cause of the stroke, and any damages awarded to Pajares should be reduced accordingly.

In addition to noneconomic damages, Pajares sought damages for the cost of past and future medical care and lost wages. Pajares hired a vocational expert to create a life-care plan, and a forensic economist, Gary Anderson, to calculate Pajares' future economic damages based upon the vocational expert's findings, and to reduce the future damages to their present value.

By stipulation, discovery was closed on August 5, 2005, however, the depositions of Pajares' vocational expert and forensic economist were not taken until two weeks and three weeks, respectively, after discovery had closed. Approximately three months after these depositions were taken, and only one week prior to the trial scheduled for November 28, 2005, Carnival moved to amend its expert witness list to include an economist, who Carnival stated was prepared to offer an alternative life-care plan and to testify as to Pajares' future economic damages based on this alternative life-care plan. The judge assigned to try the case denied Carnival's untimely request, but stated that Carnival could revisit the issue if the case was continued. When the case was subsequently continued to March 2006, Carnival again sought to amend its expert witness list to add its economist. Although Carnival's motions to amend were filed in January 2006, well in advance of the March 2006 trial setting, these motions were denied.

PAJARES' COUNSEL'S IMPROPER COMMENTS DURING CLOSING ARGUMENTS

I. Dr. Diskin

Dr. Arthur Diskin, Carnival's medical director, was listed in discovery and called as a witness at trial. Prior to trial, Pajares moved in limine to preclude Dr. Diskin from testifying as to a ship doctor's standard of care. Because Dr. Diskin was not listed as an expert witness, the trial court granted Pajares' motion in limine. *976 Thus, Dr. Diskin was precluded from testifying as to whether Pajares had received proper care. After obtaining this ruling, Pajares' counsel commented on Dr. Diskin's failure to offer the very testimony he moved in limine to preclude, and which the trial court prohibited Dr. Diskin from offering:

And you know what was appalling, to hear Dr. Diskin say—I almost, I was almost in shock when he said they're too busy to take a blood pressure recording when a crew member comes into the office on the ship. That is appalling, and especially with somebody who has a history like that. I mean, Dr. Diskin, he didn't come in here to say, here's the records, ship's doctors did everything correctly.

(emphasis added).

These comments were improper as counsel implied that Dr. Diskin's failure to offer testimony regarding the standard of care of Carnival's doctors was because Carnival had no favorable testimony to provide. See Wall v. Costco Wholesale Corp., 857 So.2d 975, 976 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003) (holding that defense counsel's comments regarding the plaintiffs failure to call her daughter to testify, where defense counsel knew that the daughter was estranged from her parents and had disappeared, deprived the plaintiffs of a fair trial); Banta v. State, 698 So.2d 860, 864 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (granting a new trial where defense counsel, after succeeding in excluding evidence, raised during closing argument the plaintiffs failure to present the evidence defense counsel succeeded in excluding; characterizing defense counsel's action as "the ultimate gotchaism" by "whipsaw[ing] the plaintiff for not producing that very testimony"); Hernandez v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc., 695 So.2d 484, 485 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (holding that defense counsel's argument, that the State failed to call the lead detective in the case because he did not have favorable evidence to present for the State, was disingenuous and misleading, as the defense had successfully prevented the jury from hearing the favorable evidence he was prepared to provide).

These comments were also improper because counsel for Pajares expressed his personal opinions regarding the evidence presented. See Cohen v. Pollack, 674 So.2d 805, 807 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996); Kaas v. Atlas Chem. Co., 623 So.2d 525, 526 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993).

2. Comments suggesting that the type of food Carnival served its crew members was the cause or a contributing factor to Pajares' injury

As stated previously, a major feature of the trial, and Carnival's defense, was that Pajares' failure to adequately modify his lifestyle, for example, his failure to stop smoking, caused his stroke. Although no evidence was presented as to Pajares' diet, including the foods he was offered or ate aboard ship, his counsel suggested to the jury in closing argument that Pajares' diet was within Carnival's control, and asked the jury to speculate as to the food Carnival served its crew.

So, you're on a cruise ship, don't forget that too. Crew members are on cruise ships 9, 10 months a year, 7 days a week, 14 hours working. The only other time they have really is probably to go to sleep. Get whatever sleep they can get. You know, so any kind of food or any kind of diet they eat or anything like that is in the control of the cruise ship. You know what, we haven't had testimony there was fatty foods or high salts that caused it, but if we did, I imagine what they're serving the crew members on board the cruise ships. Think about that. Their diets—

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Bluebook (online)
972 So. 2d 973, 2007 WL 4481522, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/carnival-corp-v-pajares-fladistctapp-2007.