Opinion op the court by
JUDGE PAYN'TBR
Reversing.
On June 27, 1896, by a vote of the people of Clark county, tbe local option law was put in force in the county, inducting the city of*Winchester. On June 28, 1899, an election was held in the North Winchester precinct to determine whether the local option law should become inoperative in that precinct. A majority of the'voters voted that it should become inoperative therein. Winchester is a city of the fourth [432] class. The appellants applied to the board of council for licenses to sell spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors in that precinct. Without giving the appellants an opportunity to be heard upon the question as to whether they were suitable persons to carry on the business, the board of council arbitrarily refused to grant a license. Thereupon it adopted .a resolution expressing the sense of the board that no license to sell spirituous, vinous, or malt liquors should be “granted in the city of Winchester during the period of two years, our terns of office.” The appellants instituted these proceedings to compel the board of council to grant each a license to sell liquors. It is averred in the petitions that the plaintiffs are men of good character, and suitable persons to conduct the business of selling liquors. The real question to be determined is, can the board of council of a city of the fourth class arbitrarily refuse to grant a license to retail liquor in a precinct which has voted in favor of the sale?
More than three. years had elapsed from the time the vote was taken upon the question as to whether the local ojtion law should be in force in Clark county to the date when the vote was taken in the North Winchester precinct on the question of the local option law becoming inoperative in that precinct. Section 61 of the Constitution makes it the duty of the General Assembly to provide bv general law a means whereby the sense of the voters of any county, city, town, district, or precinct may be taken as to whether or not spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors shall be sold, bartered or loaned therein, or the sale thereof regulated. As required by that section, the General Assembly passed a local option law for the State. The General Assembly has left to the decision of each local community under which of two policies it shall live — the license system or prohibition — and authorized the people to take a vote at certain intervals, and thus [433] change from one system to the other as they see proper. Sections 2561, 2563, Ky. St., 1903; Cole v. Commonwealth, 101 Ky., 151, 39 S. W., 1029, 19 Ky. Law Rep., 324; Smith v. Patton, 103 Ky., 444, 45 S. W., 459, 20 Ky. Law Rep., 165; Commonwealth v. Overby, 53 S. W., 36, 21 Ky. Law Rep., 843; Commonwealth v. Bottoms, 57, S. W., 493, 22 Ky. Law Rep., 412.
It is urged that the voters did not vote upon the question as to whether liquors should be sold in North Winchester precinct, because a vote that the local option law should be inoperative is not equivalent to voting that liquors might be sold. It is expressly provided in section 2554, Ky. St., 1903, that the question may be submitted to the voters “whether or not any prohibition law in force in any county, city, town, district, or precinct by virtue of any general act or special act or acts shall become inoperative.” The question as provided by the statute was submitted to the voters of the precinct in question. It is evident that every voter, when he voted, knew that he was expressing his opinion upon the question as to whether or not liquors should be sold in the precinct. It is the substance of the act done, not the form, that determines its quality and effect.
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Opinion op the court by
JUDGE PAYN'TBR
Reversing.
On June 27, 1896, by a vote of the people of Clark county, tbe local option law was put in force in the county, inducting the city of*Winchester. On June 28, 1899, an election was held in the North Winchester precinct to determine whether the local option law should become inoperative in that precinct. A majority of the'voters voted that it should become inoperative therein. Winchester is a city of the fourth [432] class. The appellants applied to the board of council for licenses to sell spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors in that precinct. Without giving the appellants an opportunity to be heard upon the question as to whether they were suitable persons to carry on the business, the board of council arbitrarily refused to grant a license. Thereupon it adopted .a resolution expressing the sense of the board that no license to sell spirituous, vinous, or malt liquors should be “granted in the city of Winchester during the period of two years, our terns of office.” The appellants instituted these proceedings to compel the board of council to grant each a license to sell liquors. It is averred in the petitions that the plaintiffs are men of good character, and suitable persons to conduct the business of selling liquors. The real question to be determined is, can the board of council of a city of the fourth class arbitrarily refuse to grant a license to retail liquor in a precinct which has voted in favor of the sale?
More than three. years had elapsed from the time the vote was taken upon the question as to whether the local ojtion law should be in force in Clark county to the date when the vote was taken in the North Winchester precinct on the question of the local option law becoming inoperative in that precinct. Section 61 of the Constitution makes it the duty of the General Assembly to provide bv general law a means whereby the sense of the voters of any county, city, town, district, or precinct may be taken as to whether or not spirituous, vinous, and malt liquors shall be sold, bartered or loaned therein, or the sale thereof regulated. As required by that section, the General Assembly passed a local option law for the State. The General Assembly has left to the decision of each local community under which of two policies it shall live — the license system or prohibition — and authorized the people to take a vote at certain intervals, and thus [433] change from one system to the other as they see proper. Sections 2561, 2563, Ky. St., 1903; Cole v. Commonwealth, 101 Ky., 151, 39 S. W., 1029, 19 Ky. Law Rep., 324; Smith v. Patton, 103 Ky., 444, 45 S. W., 459, 20 Ky. Law Rep., 165; Commonwealth v. Overby, 53 S. W., 36, 21 Ky. Law Rep., 843; Commonwealth v. Bottoms, 57, S. W., 493, 22 Ky. Law Rep., 412.
It is urged that the voters did not vote upon the question as to whether liquors should be sold in North Winchester precinct, because a vote that the local option law should be inoperative is not equivalent to voting that liquors might be sold. It is expressly provided in section 2554, Ky. St., 1903, that the question may be submitted to the voters “whether or not any prohibition law in force in any county, city, town, district, or precinct by virtue of any general act or special act or acts shall become inoperative.” The question as provided by the statute was submitted to the voters of the precinct in question. It is evident that every voter, when he voted, knew that he was expressing his opinion upon the question as to whether or not liquors should be sold in the precinct. It is the substance of the act done, not the form, that determines its quality and effect.
It is insisted that the board of council had the right to arbitrarily refuse to grant the license to sell liquors by virtue of the charters of the cities of the fourth class, which is section 3490, Ky. St., 1903. It reads as follows: “The council shall have power by ordinance to license, permit, regulate or restrain the sale of all kinds of vinous, spirituous or malt liquors within the limits of the city, or to restrain or prohibit the sale thereof within one mile of the limits thereof, provided nothing herein shall ba construed as granting the power or right to one town or city to license, per[434] mit, regulate, restrain or prohibit the sale of vinous, spirituous or malt liquors in any other town or city, and may fix the penalty or fine for violation of an ordinance under this section at any sum not exceeding one hundred dollars: provided, that no license to sell such liquors, to- be drunk on the premises where sold, granted under this section, shall he for a less amount than two hundred and fifty dollars nor for a greater amount than one thousand dollars. For license to sell same by retail, for medical purposes, they may charge-nut less than fifty dollars nor more than five hundred dollars. For license to sell same by retail in quantities not less than a quart they may charge not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars. The board of council shall, at any time, have the power and authority to refuse to grant any license, and to suspend or revoke any license granted under or by virtue of the authority conferred by this section, when the board shall deem it necessary so to do in order to preserve the peace or good morals of said towns, and said board of council shall be the exclusive judges of the necessity.” The act for the government of cities of the fourth class became a law before the local option law was passed. Until that act was passed and put in force, the board of council’s authority was defined by that section. This section provides that the board of council may license, peiunit, regulate or restrain the sale of liquor within the limits of the city, or to restrain or prohibit the sale within one mile, of the limits thereof. After Clark county, including the city of Winchester,, voted that liquor should not be sold within the limits of the county, no one would seriously contend that the board of council could grant a license to sell liquor within the city of Winchester. Why not? Because the General Assembly, by virtue of the Constitution, had placed it within the power [435] of the voters to prohibit the sale of it in Clark county. The board of council could not nullify the action of the voters in putting in force a láw which prohibited the sale of it. It was the intention of the constitutional, convention and the General Assembly that the voters in the counties, or political subdivision thereof, or municipalities therein, should determine whether they would live under the license or prohibition system. If the section in question would not authorize the board of council to grant licenses when the voters had put in force the local option law, it certainly would not authorize them to arbitrarily refuse a license when a majority of the voters had decreed that liquor should be soil within the given territory. To the extent that section 3490 apparently authorizes the board of council to refuse a license to sell liquor where a majority of the voters voted to sell it, or to license it where they have voted to prohibit its sale, it is invalid. The section must be read in connection with the local option law. It is the duty of 'the board of council to grant, the license to an applicant at a proper place, if he is a proper person and applies in the proper way. The board of council can not refuse to grant a license under the conditions averred in the petitions. Riley v. Rowe, 112 Ky., 117, 66 S. W., 999, 23 Ky. Law Rep., 2168; Hodges v. Metcalfe County Court (116 Ky., 524, 25 R., 772) 76 S. W., 381. In Riley v. Rowe' a provision of the charters of cities of the sixth class was under consideration, and under that provision it was made the duty of the trustees to grant a license to sell liquors whenever a majority had voted therefor. The court, in construing the section, held that they should be required to grant a license to a proper person and at a proper place.
In our opinion, mandamus is the proper remedy.
The judgments are reversed for proceedings consistent with this opinion.