Byrne v. Courtesy Ford, Inc.

32 P.3d 307
Court of Appeals of Washington·Decided October 12, 2001·No. 25583-9-II·Published·Cited by 9 cases

Opinion

32 P.3d 307 (2001)

Kenneth G. BYRNE, Respondent,
v.
COURTESY FORD, INC., a Washington corporation, Appellant.

No. 25583-9-II.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 2.

October 12, 2001.

*308 James William Allen, Nece & Allen L.l.p., Poulsbo, James Ralph Dickens, Miller Nash Wiener Hager & Carlsen, Seattle, for Appellant.

Charles Kenneth Wiggins, Kenneth Wendell Masters, Wiggins Law Office, Bainbridge Is., Anne-Marie E. Sargent, Short Cressman & Burgess, Seattle, David Elliot Breskin, Short Cressman & Burgess, Seattle, for Respondent.

QUINN-BRINTNALL, J.

Courtesy Ford, Inc. fired Kenneth Byrne because he refused to give Courtesy Ford's owner a television set he won one night at an auto auction where he was purchasing cars for the company. Byrne sued Courtesy Ford in Kitsap County Superior Court for wrongful termination, breach of contract, violation of public policy, and retaliation.[1] The jury found no contract but found the television was "wages" and consequently, that the termination was retaliation for Byrne's refusing to return the "wages" television. The jury awarded Byrne $57,000 for economic damages and emotional distress. Courtesy Ford appeals the trial court's denial of its motions for a directed verdict and a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. Because we hold as a matter of law that this television set was not a "wage," we must reverse.

*309 FACTS

Kenneth Byrne managed Courtesy Ford's used car dealership, J.H. Buyrite, in Poulsbo from July to November 1993. His employment with Courtesy Ford was at-will. He was paid a salary and received commissions and bonuses from car and insurance sales under a written contract. The company had no written policy regarding auction prizes.

Byrne periodically attended auto auctions to purchase cars for the dealership. The parties dispute whether the company required this or if it was something Byrne pursued in order to exercise more control over the dealership's inventory. The auction houses only allowed those in the retail car business or their representatives to buy cars at their auctions. When Byrne attended the auctions, he purchased cars on Courtesy Ford's behalf, and the auction house billed the dealership for the cars afterward.

On November 18, 1993, Byrne attended the Puget Sound Auto Auction in Auburn, where he purchased about a dozen cars. Sometime before the auction ended, Byrne learned that the auction was holding a drawing for a television at the end of the evening. For each car purchased, a ticket with the buyer's name on it went into a basket, and at the end of the auction a winner was drawn from the names. The raffle rules required that the recipient be present to win. Normally the television sets raffled at the auction were small, but on this particular night the television was a full 31-inch set. Byrne remained at the auction, perhaps purchased another car while he waited, and ultimately heard his name called as the winner of the television. Byrne claimed the prize and took it home to his fiancée.

The next day while discussing the auction purchases with Rick Hern, Courtesy Ford's general manager, Byrne mentioned winning the television set the night before. Byrne's manager "gave him a bad time" about taking the set home instead of bringing it into the dealership; Byrne described the tone of this conversation as "banter." According to Byrne, Rick ultimately told him to keep the television. Rick agreed that they discussed the television the next day, but he contended that they did not come to an agreement about the ultimate disposition of the set.[2]

Six days later, Byrne passed Courtesy Ford owner John Hern, father of general manager Rick Hern, in the dealership office hallway. John asked Byrne, "[W]here is my TV?" Report of Proceedings at 80. Byrne responded, "Your general manager gave it away." Report of Proceedings at 80. Rick saw Byrne later that day and told him that John was serious and really wanted the television. Two days later, on November 26th, Rick called Byrne into his office and told him that he must bring in the television or be terminated. John Hern apparently walked by during this meeting and muttered, "Get rid of him." Report of Proceedings at 82. Rick Hern filled out a termination slip on the spot and fired Byrne.

Byrne sued Courtesy Ford in Kitsap County Superior Court for wrongful termination, alleging breach of contract, violation of public policy, and retaliation. At the close of plaintiff's case at trial, Courtesy Ford moved for judgment as a matter of law on all claims. The trial court granted the motion as to the public policy claim, but it denied the motion as to the contract and retaliation claims.

The jury was charged with the following instruction: "`Wages' are compensation due to an employee by reason of employment. Washington law prohibits an employer from retaliating against employees who assert wage claims, and also prohibits an employer from demanding a rebate of wages paid to the employee." Clerk's Papers at 237. Additionally, the court instructed the jury that "[i]t is ... illegal in Washington for an employer to collect or receive from any employee a rebate of any part of wages paid by such employer to such employee." Clerk's Papers at 238.

Using a special verdict form, the jury found no implied contract, but it did find that Byrne's termination "was in retaliation for *310 his lawful refusal to return wages to his employer." Clerk's Papers at 144. The jury awarded Byrne $21,000 in economic damages and $36,000 in mental anguish/emotional distress damages. The trial judge then awarded $41,164.25 in attorney fees and costs under RCW 49.48.030.[3]

Courtesy Ford filed a timely motion for judgment as a matter of law, arguing that there was no legal or evidentiary ground for the jury's finding that the television set was a wage under the Washington Minimum Wage Act. The trial court denied the motion. Courtesy Ford appeals.

ANALYSIS

In ruling on a motion for judgment as a matter of law, the trial court exercises no discretion. Goodman v. Goodman, 128 Wash.2d 366, 371, 907 P.2d 290 (1995); Douglas v. Freeman, 117 Wash.2d 242, 247, 814 P.2d 1160 (1991). The court must accept the truth of the nonmoving party's evidence and draw all favorable reasonable inferences. Queen City Farms, Inc. v. Central Nat'l Ins. Co. of Omaha, 126 Wash.2d 50, 98, 882 P.2d 703, 891 P.2d 718 (1994). The court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party and may grant the motion only where there is no competent evidence or reasonable inference that would sustain a verdict for the nonmoving party. Queen City Farms, 126 Wash.2d at 98, 891 P.2d 718.

When reviewing a trial court's decision to deny a motion for judgment as a matter of law this court applies the same standard as the trial court. Sing v. John L. Scott, Inc., 134 Wash.2d 24, 29, 948 P.2d 816 (1997). Granting a motion for judgment as a matter of law is appropriate when, viewing the evidence most favorable to the nonmoving party, the court can say as a matter of l

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Byrne v. Courtesy Ford, Inc., 32 P.3d 307 (Wash. Ct. App. 2001).

32 P.3d 307 (Byrne v. Courtesy Ford, Inc.) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Pengbo Xiao v. Feast Buffet, Inc.
387 F. Supp. 3d 1181 (W.D. Washington, 2019)
Clipse v. Commercial Driver Services, Inc.
358 P.3d 464 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2015)
LaCoursiere v. CamWest Development, Inc.
339 P.3d 963 (Washington Supreme Court, 2014)
LaCoursiere v. Camwest Dev., Inc.
Washington Supreme Court, 2014
LaCoursiere v. CamWest Development, Inc.
289 P.3d 683 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2012)
Hisle v. Todd Pacific Shipyards Corp.
151 Wash. 2d 853 (Washington Supreme Court, 2004)